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04-C Basics

The document provides an overview of the C programming language, highlighting its development, character set, keywords, identifiers, data types, declarations, and variables. It details the fundamental data types, their memory usage, and the importance of declaring variables before use. Additionally, it includes examples of variable assignments and modifications to illustrate how variables function within a program.

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Chiku Rohit
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25 views16 pages

04-C Basics

The document provides an overview of the C programming language, highlighting its development, character set, keywords, identifiers, data types, declarations, and variables. It details the fundamental data types, their memory usage, and the importance of declaring variables before use. Additionally, it includes examples of variable assignments and modifications to illustrate how variables function within a program.

Uploaded by

Chiku Rohit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Programming

C – Language Basics
2021-’22 Winter B.Tech
C – the Programming Language
• Developed in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie at Bell
Laboratories
• General-purpose, structured programming language.
• Procedure-oriented programming language
C Fundamentals
C CHARACTER SET
• uppercase letters A to Z,
• lowercase letters a to z,
• digits 0 to 9,
• special characters (e.g., * & % ; )
KEYWORDS
• reserved words
• have pre-defined meanings
• can be used only for their intended purpose
• keywords are all lowercase
E.g., if, auto, extern, sizeof, break, float, static, case, for, struct,
char (see page 25)
KEYWORDS
IDENTIFIERS
• User-defined names that are given to various program elements, such as
variables, functions and arrays
• Sequence of letters, digits and underscore character ( _ )
• Must start with a letter or underscore
• Should not be a keyword
• Both uppercase and lowercase
• Usually max length is 31 characters
Correct Wrong
Pi 4th
area2 +d
Sum_1 Order-no
_temp Error flag
DATA TYPES
• C supports several types of data.
• Basic/ Fundamental data types in table:
Basic Data Type Description Memory

char Single character 1 byte


int Integer quantity 2 bytes
float Floating point number 4 bytes

double Double precision FP number 8 bytes

• void - means "nothing" or "no type"


DECLARATIONS
• A declaration introduces one or more identifiers into the program and
specifies their meaning and properties.
• A declaration associates a group of variables with a specific data type.
• All variables must be declared before use.
• Data type followed by one or more variable names, ending with a
semicolon.
• Examples :
char flag;
int a,b,c;
float root1,root2;
double x;
DECLARATIONS WITH INITIALIZATION
• Initial values can be assigned to variables within a type
declaration.
• Examples :
char star=‘*’;
int a=3,c=12;
float sum=0.4;
VARIABLES
• Identifiers used to represent some specified type of
information in a program.
• E.g., an identifier used to store a number or a character value.

• The data item can be accessed in the program by referring to


the variable name.
• A variable can be assigned different values at various places in
the program.
• i.e., values stored in a variable may change.
Variables (Example 1)
Instruction executed Memory location allocated
X = 10; to a variable X
T
i X = 20; 10
m
e
X = X +1;

X = X*5;
Variables (Example 1)
Instruction executed Memory location allocated
X = 10; to a variable X
T
i X = 20; 20
m
e
X = X +1;

X = X*5;
Variables (Example 1)
Instruction executed Memory location allocated
X = 10; to a variable X
T
i X = 20; 21
m
e
X = X +1;

X = X*5;
Variables (Example 1)
Instruction executed Memory location allocated
X = 10; to a variable X
T
i X = 20; 105
m
e
X = X +1;

X = X*5;
Variables (Example 2)
X = 20; Y=15; X = Y+3; Y=X/6;

X 20 X 20 X 18 X 18

Y 15 Y 15 Y 3

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