3A Summary Sheets

Teeth and eating 3

You need food for: A
● growth ● activity ● health.

Foods for activity

Sweet foods, fatty foods and potatoes and grain are the food groups used
for activity.

Sweet foods contain sugar. Fatty foods contain fat. Potatoes and foods made
from grain contain starch.

Some foods belong to more than one food group. Chocolate belongs to the sweet foods
and the fatty foods groups.

Foods for growth

You need meat and nuts
for growth.

Foods for health

Fruits and vegetables keep you healthy.

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 3A Summary Sheets (continued)

3 Diets
A Your diet is what you eat. If you have a balanced diet, you will eat foods from all
five food groups, but eat less foods from the fatty foods and sweet foods groups.
Information about diets can be shown in tables, pictograms and bar charts.

Teeth
The teeth an animal has depends
on its diet. Meat-eaters have wide molars, with ridges spade-shaped incisors
pointed incisors, large canines on top, for chewing food for cutting food
and jagged molars. Plant-eaters
have spade-shaped incisors, small
canines and wide molars with
ridges on the top.
Our teeth are held in place by
their roots and by gums.
During our lives we grow two
sets of teeth – milk teeth, milk teeth
followed by permanent teeth.
We need to brush our teeth
regularly to stop tooth decay. permanent
Tooth decay is caused by plaque teeth growing
and sugary foods cause the most
pointed canines
plaque to form on our teeth. for cutting food

A young human child’s teeth.

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 3A Summary Sheets (continued)
Investigations
3
Information that you collect when you do an investigation is called evidence. A
You use your evidence to say what you found out – make a conclusion.

title

axis title
Numbers of cats in different streets.

Holly Street
Street name

Oak Street

Elm Street

Number of cats
labels
written in axis title lines drawn
with a ruler

A pictogram, showing what you need to remember

to put in.

Different flavour foods that cats like the best.

5
axis title
title
4 neat,
accurate bars
gaps
Number of cats

between
3 bars lines drawn
with a ruler
2

0
chicken

beef

fish

liver

Different foods labels written in

evenly under the bars
numbered scale axis title

A bar chart, showing what you need to remember to put in.

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 3Ab/4 A good diet
Name Class Date
3
A
b ?
1 Tick the boxes of the true sentences.
To eat healthily you should:
eat as much as you possibly can.
eat so you are not hungry but not too full.
eat very little.
never eat sweet things.
not eat too many sweet things.
never eat fatty things.
eat lots of fatty things.
not eat too many fatty things.
2 What does the word diet mean? Tick one box.
what people do to get slimmer what people eat
eating only fruits and vegetables eating only healthy things
3 a Which of these meals is the most healthy? Circle one.

A B C
glass of
chicken water
fillet

cream
sauce onion soup
treacle sponge
pudding

b Why did you choose this meal?

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3Ab/5 What is your diet?
Name Class Date 3
A
? b
1 What did you eat yesterday? Write it in the first column of the table.

Food Meats Potatoes Fruits and Fatty Sweet

and nuts and grains vegetables foods foods

Now answer the questions on the back of this sheet.

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 3Ab/5 What is your diet? (continued)

3 ?
A 2 Which food group does each of your foods belong to? Put ticks in the
b correct columns.

3 a Did you eat a balanced diet yesterday?

b How can you tell?

4 a What could you eat less of to have a better diet?

b What could you eat more of to have a better diet?

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3Ab/6 Balanced diets
Name Class Date 3
A
? b
1 Look at these three meals. For each one, say what is unhealthy about it.

A B C
glass of
chicken water
fillet

cream
sauce onion soup
treacle sponge
pudding

Meal A

Bad points

Meal B

Bad points

Meal C

Bad points

2 a Which meal is the most balanced?

b Why is this one the most balanced?

c What would you add or take away to make it more balanced?

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 3Ab/7 Taste
People like eating foods that bitter flavours (e.g. strong black coffee)
3 taste good. You use your
A tongue to taste things, but sour flavours
b (e.g. lemon juice)
you also use your nose
because the smell of food
affects its taste!
The parts of your tongue
that are used to taste things
sweet
are called taste buds. They flavours
are found in the tiny lumps salt
flavours
that cover your tongue.
There are four different sorts of taste buds, which are found in different areas of
your tongue. Each different sort detects a different flavour.
The taste buds for sweet and salty things are the least sensitive – they need quite
a lot of sugar or salt to get them to work. The taste buds for bitter things are the
most sensitive. Altogether, you have about 10 000 taste buds but this number goes
down as you get older. Babies have many taste buds on the roofs and sides of their
mouths too, so they are much better at tasting things.
Some animals don’t have taste buds in their mouths. Some butterflies have taste
buds in their feet!

?
1 a What are the things called that your tongue uses to taste things?
b Where are these parts found?
2 a Your tongue can taste salty flavours. What other flavours can it taste?
b Where on the tongue are salty flavours tasted?
c Which flavours can the tongue taste better than salty flavours?
3 Michael didn't like avocado pears when he was a child. Now, aged 20, he
likes them. Why might this be?
4 Asad has a cold and can't taste the difference between tea and coffee.
Why might this be?
5 Draw a picture of a tongue. Shade in the area or areas that taste vinegar.
6 Draw another picture of a tongue. Shade in the area or areas that taste
chocolate.

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 3C Summary Sheets
Characteristics of materials
Materials around us
Everything around us is made of materials. Materials have different properties,
for example:
● glass is transparent (see-through), stiff and brittle (it breaks easily).
● metal is strong, stiff and hard
3
● wool is soft and flexible.
C
Materials are chosen for their jobs because of their properties. Usually one or two
properties are more important than the rest.

Windows are made of glass because

it is transparent and waterproof. The towels are made of cotton
because it is flexible and absorbent.

The mug is made The jumper is

of ceramic because made of wool
it is stiff and hard. because it is soft
and flexible. The tyre is
The wheelbarrow made of rubber
is made of metal because it is
because it is strong. flexible.

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 3C Summary Sheets (continued)
Testing materials
We need to test materials to find
the best one for a job. In a fair test,
you do exactly the same thing to
all the materials you are testing.
Danny is testing wood and plastic.
He wants to find out which material
3
will bend the most.
C

Danny is not doing a fair test because:

● the pieces of material are not the same size
● he is using different weights
● the tables are not the same distance apart.
To make this a fair test, Danny would have to:
● use pieces of material that are the same size
● use the same weight each time
● keep the tables the same distance apart.

Some investigations give you better results than others.

Winston is testing fabrics to find out which ones wear
out quickly. He is rubbing the fabric with a stone.
He may not get very good results, because it is
difficult to tell which fabric has worn the most
just by looking at them.
Ayanna is testing tights to find out
which ones stretch the most. She
will get better results because she
can measure the length of the tights.

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3Ca/4 Property pictures
Name Class Date

? What properties do these materials have?

Choose some words from the box. You can also add other words.

3
Object and material Properties of the material
C
a
glass

rubber

cotton

metal

wood

plastic

wool

ceramic

absorbent brittle dull flexible hard opaque

shiny soft stiff strong transparent weak

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 3Ca/5 Using materials 1
Name Class Date

window shed

towels

3
C
a bucket

jumper
wheelbarrow
tyre

? 1 Look at the picture of a garden.

Object Material
Fill in the table to show which material bucket plastic
things are made from.
towel
Choose your answers from the words in jumper
the box. One has been done for you. shed

cotton glass metal tyre

wheelbarrow
rubber wood wool
window

2 Fill in the table to show two

Material Properties
properties for each material.
metal
Choose your answers from the
wood
words in the box. You may need to
cotton
use some words more than once.
glass
bendy hard see-through plastic
soft stiff strong

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3Ca/6 Using materials 2
window shed
towels

washing 3
mug line C
bucket a
spade

flower
pots jeans
boots jumper
hosepipe tyre wheelbarrow

? 1 Which things in the drawing could be made from the following materials?
You can have more than one item for each material.
a wood b plastic
c metal d wool
e cotton f ceramic
g rubber h glass

2 What are the properties of these materials? You can write more than one
property for each material.
Choose your answers from the words in the box. You will need to use
some words more than once.
a wood b plastic
c metal d wool
e cotton f ceramic
g rubber h glass

absorbent brittle dull flexible hard opaque shiny

soft stiff strong tough transparent weak

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 3D Summary Sheets
Rocks and soil
Rocks are natural materials. They are useful for making buildings and roads. Pieces
of rock are sometimes called stones, pebbles or gravel.
Rocks are made of tiny pieces called grains. Different kinds of rocks have different
textures (the grains are different sizes and shapes).
Sandstone has rounded grains.

Granite has different 3

coloured grains with sharp edges. D

Rocks have different properties. We need to choose a rock with the right properties
for it to do its job properly.
Granite is used for gravestones because
it lasts a long time.

Slate is used for roofs because it can be

split into very thin sheets and it is
not permeable.
Marble is used for statues because it
looks attractive.

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 3D Summary Sheets (continued)
Rocks are under the ground all around us,
but we cannot always see them.

rocks

Rocks are
hidden by soil
and grass.

3
D

Soil is made from tiny particles of rock,

mixed with pieces of dead plants. Soil also
contains living things such as worms. Soils
are different in different places, because
they are made from different kinds of rock
and have different sized particles in them.
You can separate the different
Clay soils are made from very tiny particles in a soil using a sieve.
particles. The particles in clay soil fit
together very closely so there is not much space for water to flow between the
particles. Water can only flow very slowly through clay soils.
Sandy soils are made of much bigger particles. There are spaces between the
particles that water can flow through. Water flows quickly through sandy soils.

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 3Db/4 Rocky sentences
Slate is used for

it looks attractive. it does not let water through.

doorsteps Granite

3
D is used for is used for
b

it does not wear out easily. because

because roofs

Limestone statues

it does not wear out easily. is not used for

it can be split into thin sheets. Marble

because roofs

because it lets water through.

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3Db/5 Choosing rocks 1
Name Class Date

Granite Limestone
• lasts a very long time • does not last as long as granite
• looks attractive or marble
• water does not soak in • water soaks in
Marble Slate
• lasts a long time • lasts a very long time
• looks very attractive • does not let water soak in
• water does not soak in • splits into very thin sheets
3
D
? b
1 People want gravestones to last a long time and
look attractive.
Which rock would you use to make a gravestone?

Why is this rock best?

2 Mr Soma wants to put some tiles on the side of

his house to keep the rain out.

Which rock should he use for his tiles?

Why is this rock best?

3 Mrs Black wants a little statue for her garden.

Which rock should she use?

Why is this rock best?

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 3Db/6 Choosing rocks 2
The cards show some information about different kinds of rock.

Granite Limestone Sandstone

● wears out very slowly ● wears out faster than ● wears out fairly

● looks attractive granite or marble quickly

● non-permeable (water ● permeable ● permeable

does not soak in) ● cheaper than granite ● cheaper than granite

or marble or marble

Marble Slate
● wears out slowly ● wears out very slowly
3
● looks very attractive ● non-permeable
D ● non-permeable ● splits into very thin
b sheets

These people want to use rocks for different purposes.

Mr Clark wants a gravestone for his mother,
who has just died.
Mrs Owen wants to build a garden pond.

Mr Soma wants to put some tiles on the side

of his house to keep the rain out.
Mrs Black wants a little
statue for her garden.
?
Which rocks should each person
choose from? Explain your answers.
The first one has been started for you.
Mr Clark should choose either granite or
marble, because...

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3Db/7 Choosing rocks 3
If we want to build a house out of stone, we can choose the kind of stone that
looks the most attractive, or the kind that will last longest. The stones can be
moved from the quarry on a lorry.
Hundreds of years ago, people could only move things around using a horse and
cart. Stones for building are very heavy, so people used stone that was found
nearby, even if this was not the best kind of stone for the job.
Marble is not found in the UK. It has to be brought to the UK from other countries.
Marble was much more expensive than many other kinds of rock, and it is still
more expensive today.

? 3
1 a What do we think about today if we are choosing a kind of stone for D
a job? b
b What was the most important thing to think about hundreds of
years ago?
2 Why could only rich people afford to use marble?
3 Mrs Cameron buys a statue for her garden made from limestone.
a Why would marble be a better rock for making the statue?
b Why do you think Mrs Cameron bought a limestone statue?
4 This map shows where certain kinds of rock are found in part of the UK.

granite

sandstone

limestone
Dalbeattie Hexham
Ireby Penrith

gritstone
Arnside

Caton

Which rocks would be cheapest to use in these places:

a Arnside b Caton c Dalbeattie
d Hexham e Ireby f Penrith.

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 3F Summary Sheets
Light and shadows
Light is made by light sources, such as the Sun, light
bulbs and fires.
Opaque materials block light and make shadows. Wood
and metal are opaque
materials.
Transparent materials let
light go through them. The tree is blocking light
from the Sun. The shape
Glass is a transparent
of the shadow is similar
material. to the shape of the tree.
Even transparent materials
block a little bit of the light.
They make faint shadows.

Shadows made by the Sun move during the day. This happens because the Sun
seems to move across the sky.
3
F

The Sun is low at the The Sun gets higher during The Sun is highest in the sky
beginning of the day. the morning. Shadows get in the middle of the day.
We get long shadows. shorter, and move around. Shadows are shortest at
midday.

The Sun moves further dur- The Sun is low at the

ing the afternoon, and end of the day, and we
gets lower again. get long shadows.

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 3F Summary Sheets (continued)
The Sun does not really move across the sky. It seems to move because the Earth
is spinning.

Shadows change during the day because the Earth is spinning.

3
F

Sun

not to scale
Earth

The Earth is a sphere. It spins on its axis once

every day.

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 3Fa/7 Shadows 1
Name Class Date

?
1 Complete the sentences using words from the box.

We get a when light is . Shadows have a

similar to the thing making the shadow.

blocked shadow shape

2 Look at the drawings of

shadows. What do you
think made the
shadows?

3 There are some sticks near a wall. The shadows of the sticks are on the wall.
3
F Finish drawing the shadows.
a

4 This is Tim and his shadow. There are

two things wrong with his shadow.
What are they?

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3Fa/8 Shadows 2
Name Class Date

?
1 Complete the sentences using words from the box.
blocked
We get a when light is .
shadow
Shadows have a similar to the thing making
shape
the shadow.
2 Look at the drawings of shadows. What do you think made
the shadows?

3 There are some sticks near a wall. The shadows of the sticks are on the wall.
Finish drawing the shadows.
3
F
a

4 This is Tim and his shadow.

a There are two things wrong with his shadow.
What are they?
1
2
b What would Tim be like if his
shadow really was like this?

c How could Tim make his shadow look

like this, without moving his arms?

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 3Fa/9 Torches and lamps
The first people had no artificial light.
They could only move about at night if
the Moon was bright.
When people learned how to make fire,
they could use the light from the fire to
help them to see at night. They learnt
how to make torches from burning
material on a stick. The first torches were
made over 400 000 years ago.
About 40 000 years ago, people started to
use lamps. The first lamps were made of
stone, or were just a container such as a
shell or an animal horn. They were filled
with fats or oils from animals or plants. A
wick made from moss or grass dipped in the
oil or fat and helped it to burn.
3
F
a This type of lamp is 17 500 years old.

About 2500 years ago, people started to

make lamps out of pottery. These lamps
could be made in lots of different shapes. This type of Roman lamp is 1800 years old.

?
1 You have probably used a torch like this:
a Write down as many differences as you can between
your torch and a torch used thousands of years ago.
b Which kind of torch would you rather use? Explain
your answer.
2 This is a drawing of an oil lamp. Copy the
drawing and label the lamp, the oil and the wick.
3 Why do you think that oil lamps were better
than old torches?
4 Look at the Roman oil lamp. Why is this a better lamp than the one that is
17 500 years old?

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