Extra problems:

① Determine whether the relation a defined on the

Set of all real numbers as R G (a,b):a, b = R
=

and a-b+yses, wheres is

the setis all irrational
numbers isreflexive, symmetric and transitive.

A: Setof all real numbers.

Let

Leta CA,
* a -
a B B
+ =
es

i.e., f acA 7 (a,a) ER

... isreflexive.

Let a, bEA,
* a- b+Y ES
b -
a 3
+
ES

i.e, f(a, b) ER 7 (b, a) GR

... is
symmetric
Let a, b, 2 GA,
*

(a,b),(b,c) ER
a - b 3 +

es,b-c+ V3 es

a c
+ 2V3 es

(a,c) GR

i.e., f(a,b) (b, c) ER I (a, c) R.

-R transitive.
is
& Let a denote the set of all natural numbers and
R be the relation on new defined by
(a,b) Pr(2, d) if ad(b +c) bc(a d). show
=
+

that
I is an equivalence relation.

A:
Set
of all natural numbers.

(a,b)
* G R

(a,b) R (a,b) ab(b a) ba(a+ b) ra,bEN

=> + =

.
reflexive.
is

Let (a,b) Pr(2,d)

*

(a,b)R(c,d) ad(b c) bc(a d)

+
+ =
=>

bc(a +d) ad(b c)

+
=> =

(b(d a) da(c b)
+
+ =
=>

(c,d) R(a,b)
=>

R
:

symmetric.
is

Let(a,b)
*
b (c , d) and (2, d) P (eif)
(a,b)R(c,d) => ad(b + x) bc(a d) = +

=a
I +5 I a 0
= +
+

(2,d) R(e,f) => (f(d e) de(c +f)

+ =

d e
-
+
I
If
de of
Q
+I +I
I
① Q +

i1 +*(+ +I
+
+

+ 1
b
+

2
1
=

I
+

=
af (e b) +

be(f a)
=
+

af (b +e) be(a+f) =

(a,b)
=> R (e,f)
~. R is transitive.

.
R is an equivalence relation.
③ Let
A=91,2,3, . . . . .

., 97 and R be the
relation AXA
in defined
by (a,b) R(c,d) =>
ad b c
+

=
+

for all (a,b) R (, d) => AXA. Prove

that I an
equivalence relation.
is Also obtain
the equivalence class [(2,51].

Let
* (a, b) =
AXA

(a,b) R(a,b) -7 a b b+ a
+ =

... isreflexive.
Set
* (a, b), (2, d) = AXA

(a,b)R(2,d) => a d
+ b c
= +

dta
=> cb
= +

c+ b d+a
=>
=

(2, d) R(a,b)
=>

... issymmetric.
 * Let (a,b), K,d), [e,f) t AXA

(a,b)R(c,d) => a +
d2 b c +
- Q
(2,d) R(eif) => c+f de
=
+ - 2

0 +
a
ty4 f
+ + b
= +

x dt e
+

aff b+ =
e

(a,b) R (e,f)
=>

: istransitive.

.
R an
is equivalence relation.

Equivalence class of [22,51]

(215)R(n,y) =>
2 y +
5 x
= +

((2,5s] ((,4)(2,5)
=

(3,0) (4,7) (5,8) (6,9)}

④ Let a denote the set of all natural numbers and
R be the relation on NXN defined by
(a,b) Pr(2, d) if ad= bc, Show that
I is an

relation.
equivalence
A:
Set
of all natural numbers.
*Let (a, b) = AXA
ba
(a,b)R(a,b) ab
=>
=

... A is reflexive.
Let
* (a, b), (2, d) G AXA

(a,b)R(c,d) => ad =
bC

da
=> cb
=

2) Cb da =

(,d) R(a,b)
=>

R
..
symmetric.
is

Let
* (a, b), K, d), (e,f) e
AxA

(a,b)R(c,d) ad = bc
= -

(c,d) R(e,f) =) cf =
de -
①x
ad kf+ bk de
= +

be
of =

(a,b)
=> R Ce,f)
.

transitive.
R is

:. R is relation.
an equivalence
⑤
Let a denote the set of all natural numbers and
R be the relation on new defined by
(a,b) R(2, d) if a + d b+c? =
show that
R
is relation.
an
equivalence
A:
Set
of all natural numbers.
Let
* (a,b) EAxA

(a,b) R(acb) a2+b2bitan

=>

:. E reflexive.
is
Let
* (a, b), (C, d) G
AXA

(a,b) R (c,d) 2 a+ db+c2=

b+c a+ d2
=> =

=>
c b2 dita2+
=

(2,d) R(a,b)
=>

R is
.

symmetric.
Let
* (a, b), 4, d), (e,f) AXA
G

(a,b) R (c, d) =>

a +
db c >0
=
-

(2,d) R(2,f) -) c2+ f2 d e=

+

① +
a dY4+ f b*4+d e =

a + f b e2 =

(a,b)
=> R (e,f)
:. transitive.
R is
: is an
equivalence relation.

⑥ f:R + (4,0) given

+
by f(x) n+ 4. Check =

Whether f is
one-one:
a
bijective function.
f(x)
Let f(y)
=

+ 4y
2
n = +
4
x =y2
x y
=

[.x = R+]
:f one-one.
is
 on to:
y x2 4
=
+

=
u y
= -
4

n 144
=
c R y
+ ye (4,0)

f is onto.

if a
is bijective function.
⑦ f: R1-55,0) given by f() qu+on-5. =

I is bijective function.
show that
one -
one:

Letf (x) f(y)

=

942+ 60 -
5: 942 by +
-
5

(3x)" (3y)72(3y)(x) 1
=
+
2(3x)(1) +
1 6 = +
-
6

(3x 1)2 6 By 1) 6
+
-
=
+
-

2
(3x + 1) (34+1)2 =

Taking the
square root on besides

St)
=
1512

-**
but

y
=

f one-one.
is
 On-to:
Let 902+ 6x 5
y
= -

y (x 1)2
= + - 6

(3x 132y
+
=
+
b

3x + 1 176
=

Su =

276-1
a =

x
- 1eR ryc) +
5,0)
-

:of onto.
is

bijective
f is function.
⑧ fiN-[6,4)
Let be a
function defined as

f(x) 4x2+ 12x [Link]

=
+ whether is
bijective or not.
one-one
etf(x) =

f(y)
42212x +15 4y2+12y =
+
15

(2n)42(2x)(3) 3 +
6
+
(24) 2(24)(x) 32 6
=
+
+ +

(2x 3)2 6 (2y

+ +
=
+
3)2 6 +

2
(2x 3)2(2y 3)
+

=
+

-x
3) =(s)2 +

2x / 2y +B
+ =

Xu M =

x y
=

-f is one-one
 on-toi

y 4x2+ 12x 15
= +

y (2x
= +

3)2 6 +

(2x 3)2 y 6
+ -

2x+3 256 =

2x
26
= - 3

x =
-
y 6 -

EN ryt [6,0)
2

:.f is onto

:f a
is bijective function.
⑨ Let
R-[5]+R
f: be a function defined

f()
4 show that, R-24]-> Range
as
in f:
=

of fit is one-one and onto.

one-one:
Let f(x) f(y) =

4 +
-

44(3y 4) 44(3x 4)
+ = +

/
12 m +
16x 12
=
My+16y
x yy =

u
y
=

f o ne-one
is
 Onto i

y =
3x 4 +

y(3x 4) + 4x
=

Say + 4y 4U =

3ny -4x =
-4y
a(3y -4) 44
-

2)ry
6k
x =
-

f is onto.

f is a
bijective function.
⑩ Show the
that function of
in A
R-243} defined =

as
f(x) 3 =
one-one
is and onto.
64 -
4
one-one:
Let
n, y GA

Let f(x) f(y) =

+3=
by 4 -

(4x 3)(by 4) (4y

+
-
=

3)(6n 4)
+
-

2xy-16x+ 1sy-12 2
=

xy-16y+ ron 1 -

34 yy =

n
y
=

...if one-one
is
onto:

y 4u
=
+
3
-

60 4
-

y(6x 4)-
4x 3
= +

6my -
44 4 x+ 3
=

buy -
4x 3 + =

4y

x(by 4) 3
=

4y
+

-(4/5 24
54eR ryea
a =
-

...f is onto