1) To measure physical quantities and convert them into signals
2) Thermocouple
3) Photodiode
4) Ultrasonic sensor
5) Discrete values (often 0 or 1)
6) Rotary encoder
7) Piezoelectric sensor
8) Proximity sensor
9) It measures acceleration and tilt
10) Gyroscope
11) A fusion of mechanical, electronic, and computer engineering
12) Sensor
13) To process and control the data received from sensors
14) Exclusion of computer technology
15) To control mechanical movement
16) Autonomous vehicles
17) It measures and converts physical parameters into signals
18) It allows the system to operate without delays
19) MATLAB/Simulink
20) Enhanced system efficiency and performance
21) Integrating mechanical engineering with electronics and computing
22) To enhance automation and improve precision
23) Increased integration of AI and machine learning
24) By integrating sensors, actuators, and control systems for autonomous
operation
25) Integrated mechatronic system
26) Enhanced flexibility and adaptability in production processes
27) Artificial Intelligence (AI)
28) By their complexity and level of integration
29) Autonomous drones
30) It allows for better data collection and feedback for control systems
31) The sensor’s performance at a constant or steady-state condition
32) Sensitivity
33) The degree of closeness of measurements to the actual value
34) Response time
35) The smallest change that can be detected by the sensor
36) Repeatability
37) The time taken for the sensor’s output to stabilize within a specified error
band after a step change in input
38) The difference in sensor output when the input is increased and then
decreased
39) The change in sensor output due to environmental factors over time
40) The proportionality of the sensor’s output to its input over the entire
measurement range
41) Linear Variable Differential Transformer
42) Measuring linear displacement
43) By using the differential voltage induced in secondary coils by a moving
core
44) Non-contact measurement
45) Direct current output
46) Displacement (linear or angular)
47) By varying resistance through a sliding contact
48) Rotary potentiometer
49) Susceptibility to mechanical wear and tear
50) Carbon
51) Capacitance changes due to displacement, pressure, or proximity
52) By detecting changes in capacitance between two plates
53) Temperature measurement
54) Ability to measure through insulating materials
55) Changes in distance between the sensor and the target
56) To measure strain (deformation)
57) By changing its resistance as it deforms
58) Constantan
59) The ratio of fractional change in electrical resistance to the fractional
change in length
60) Monitoring structural health in bridges and buildings
61) Voltage generation due to a magnetic field applied perpendicular to
current flow
62) Detecting magnetic fields for position sensing
63) Measuring light intensity
64) Voltage output proportional to magnetic field strength
65) Silicon
66) Thermocouple
67) By generating a voltage due to the Seebeck effect when two different
metals are joined
68) RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector)
69) Greater accuracy and stability
70) Semiconductor diode sensor
71) To detect and measure light intensity
72) Photodiode
73) By generating a current when exposed to light
74) Automatic brightness control in screens
75) Phototransistor
76) A resistor that changes its resistance with light intensity
77) Higher sensitivity to light
78) Photocell
79) Photodiode
80) High sensitivity to light
81) Sensor’s range and accuracy
82) Temperature range and stability
83) Accuracy and repeatability
84) Sensor’s power consumption and communication range
85) Sensor’s ability to measure temperature
86) Easier integration with digital systems
87) Sensor’s resistance to water and pressure range
88) Sensor’s size and biocompatibility
89) Sensor’s resistance to electromagnetic interference
90) Sensor’s ability to measure light
91) Electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor
92) Optical glucose sensor
93) Radiofrequency sensor
94) Thermistor
95) To measure blood oxygen saturation levels
96) Capacitive moisture sensor
97) Multispectral or hyperspectral sensor
98) Acoustic sensor
99) Hygrometer
100) pH sensor
101) Inductive proximity sensor
102) Thermocouple
103) Optical sensor
104) Accelerometer
105) To monitor and control fluid flow rates
106) Gas sensor
107) pH sensor
108) Optical sensor
109) Thermistor
110) Density meter
