PASSAGE 01

Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effect of global warming, Scientists have already
observerd shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier
in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer
temperatures.

With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations.
Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm. In many places, however,
human development will prevent these shifts. Species that find cities or farmland blocking their way north or south may
become extinct. Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and mountantop regions, are
especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible. For example, polar bears and marine mammals in
the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther to go.

Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult. Some scientists have estimated that 20 to 50
percent of species could be committed to extiction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming.(5) The rate of
warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals. Some species and even entire
ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, many not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear. Ocean
ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming. Warmer ocean temperatures
can cause coral to "bleach", a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral. Scientists estimate that even 1
Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world. Also
increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters. This
acidification furter stresses ocean ecosystems.

Question 1: Scionlists have observed that warmer Question 2: According to paragraph 2, when their
temperatures=global warming in the spring cause habitats grow warmer, animal tend to
flowers to move ________.
A. die instantly B. bloom earlier A. south - eastwards and down mountainsides toward
C become lighter D. lose color lower elevations.
Question 3: The pronoun "those" in paragraph 2 refers to B. north - westwards and up mountainsides toward
________. higher elevations.
A. species B. ecosystems C. habitats D. areas C. toward the North Pole and down mountainsides
Question 4: The phrase "dwindling sea ice" in paragraph toward lower elevations.
2 refers to _______. D. toward the poles and up mountainsides toward
A. the frozen water in the Artie. higher elevations.
B.the violent Arctic Ocean. Question 5: It is mentioned in the passage that if the
C. the melting ice in the Arctic. global temperature rose by 2 or 3
D.the cold ice in the Arctic. Celcius degrees, ________.
Question 6: According to the passage, if some species are A. half of the earth's surface would be flooded.
not able to adjust quickly to
warmer temperatures, _______. B. the sea level would rise by 20 centimeters.
A. they may be endangered
B.they can begin to develop C. water supply would decrease by 50 percent.
C. they will certainly need water.
D.they move to tropical forests. D. 20 to 50 percent of species could become extinct.
Question 7: The bleaching of coral reefs as mentioned in
paragraph 4 indicates ________. Question 10: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Influence of climate changes on human lifestyles.
B. Effects of global warming on animals and plants.
A. the water absorption of coral reefs. C. Global warming and possible solutions
B.the quick growth of marine mammals. D. Global warming and species migration.
C. the blooming phase of sea weeds.
D.the slow death of coral reefs.
 BẢNG TỪ VỰNG

PASSAGE 02
Overpopulation, the situation of having large numbers of people with too few resources and too little space, is closely
associated with poverty. It can result from high population density, or from low amounts of resources, or from both.
Excessively high population densities put stress on available resources. Only a certain number of people can be
supported on a given area of land, and that number depends on how much food and other resources the land can
provide. In countries where people live primarily by means of simple farming, gardening, herding, hunting, and
gathering, even large areas of land can support only small numbers of people because these labor - intensive
subsistence activities produce only small amounts of food.

In developed countries such as the United States, Japan and the countries of Western Europe, overpopulation generally
is not considered a major cause of poverty. These countries produce large quantities of food through mechanized
farming, which depends on commercial fertilizers, large - scale irrigation, and agricultural machinery. This form of
production provides enough food to support the high densities of people in metropolitan areas.

A country's level of poverty can depend greatly on its mix of population density and agricultural productivity.
Bangladesh, for example, has one of the world's highest population densities, with 1,147 persons per sq km. A large
majority of the people of Bangladesh engage in low - productivity manual farming, which contributes to the country's
extremely high level of poverty. Some of the smaller countries in Western Europe, such as the Netherlands and Belgium,
have high population densities as well. These countries practice mechanized farming and are involved in high - tech
indutries, however, are therefore have high standards of living.

At the other end of the spectrum, many countries in sub - Saharan Africa have population densities of less than 30
persons per sq km. Many people in these countries practice manual subsistence farming, these countries also have
infertile land, and lack the economic resources and technology to boost productivity. As a consequence, these nations
are very poor. The United States has both relatively low population density and high agricultural productivity; it is one of
the world's weathiest nations.

High birth rates contribute to overpopulation in many developing countries. Children are assets to many poor families
because they provide labor, usually for farming. Cultural norms in traditionally rural societies commonly sanction the
value of large families. Also, the goverments of developing countries often provide little or no support, financial or
political, for farming planning; even people who wish to keep their families small have difficulty doing so. For all those
reasons, developing countries tend to have high rates of population growth.
(Đề thi tiếng Anh kì thi THPT quốc gia 2015)

Question 1: Which of the following is given as a definition Question 3: The phrase "that number" in paragraph 1
of paragraph 1? refers to the number of______
A. Overpopulation B. Population density A. people B. densities
C. Simple farming D. Poverty c. resources D. countries

Question 2: What will suffer when there are excessively Question 4: In certain countries, large areas of land can
high population densities? only yeild small amounts of food
because ______.
A. Availabe resources B. Skilled labor A. there is lack of mechanization
C. Farming methods D. Land area
B. there are small numbers of laborers
Question 7: The word "infertile" in paragraph 4 probably
means ________. C. there is an abundance of resources
A. disused B. impossible
c. unproductive D. inaccessible D. there is no shortage of skilled labor.

Question 8: Which of the following is TRUE, according to Question 5: Bangladesh is a country where the level of
the passage? poverty depends greatly on ______,
A. In certain developed countries, mechanized farming is A.its population density only
applied.
B.both population density and agricultural productivity
B. In sub - Saharan African countries, productivity is
boosted by technology,
C. population density in metropolitan areas.
C. There is no connection between a country's culture
and overpopulation. D. its high agricultural productivity.

D. All small countries in Western Europe have high Question 6: The phrase "engage in" in paragraph 3 is
population densities. closest in meaning to ______.
A. escape from
B. look into
c. give up
D. participate in

BẢNG TỪ VỰNG

Bài tập đục lỗ

Even the most studious among you will probably have difficulty studying at some stage in your academic
career. If or when this happens, the only way to (1) this problem is to go back to basics. First, make
sure you have a comfortable environment to (2) in. Some students need to have a quiet space to
themselves and can’t (3) if there are too many distractions. Others need some sort of background
noise, such as music or the company of friends. Whatever your personal preference is, you need to (4)
this first of all. Next, make sure you have all of the equipment or tools that you need. For example, if you are
(5) a geography course and you have to (6) about countries and their capital cities then
you will need to have your atlas to hand. If you’re (7) your maths homework then be sure to find
your calculator, ruler, protractor and compass before you start. Perhaps you’re not preparing a homework
assignment or project. but are trying to (8) for an exam. If so, you need to know exactly what is on
your curriculum. You should also (9) your notes and make sure that you have a clear understanding of
what your lecturers have (10) _____ you. Of course, people with a learning disorder such as dyslexia
may need to work harder than others at their studies as they often struggle to read even relatively simple
texts.

1 overcome 2 study 3 concentrate / study 4 organise 5 taking / studying 6 learn 7 doing 8 revise 9 review 10
taught

We live in a world of tired, sleep deprived people. In his book Counting Sheep, Paul Martin - a behavioural
biologist - describes a society which is just too busy to sleep and which does not give sleeping the importance
it deserves. Modern society has invented reasons not to sleep. We are now a 24/7 society where shops and
services must be available all hours. We spend longer hours at work than we used to, and more time getting to
work.
Mobile phones and email allow us to stay in touch round the clock and late-night TV and the Internet tempt us
away from our beds. When we need more time for work or pleasure, the easy solution is to sleep less. The
average adult sleeps only 6.2 hours a night during the week, whereas research shows that most people need
eight or even eight and a half to feel at their best. Nowadays, many people have got used to sleeping less than
they need and they live in an almost permanent state of'sleep debt'.
Until the invention of the electric light in 1879 our daily cycle of sleep used to depend on the hours of daylight.
People would get up with the sun and go to bed at nightfall. But nowadays our hours of sleep are mainly
determined by our working hours (or our social life) and most people are woken up artificially by an alarm
clock. During the day caffeine, the world's most popular drug, helps to keep us awake. 75% of the world's
population habitually consume caffeine, which up to a point masks the symptoms of sleep deprivation
Face to face meetings clearly communicate goals
Another reason why face to face meetings are still so important is that it is much easier to communicate goals
and objectives. This is because we can easily read facial expressions and body language. The conversations we
have in person are often deemed to be more credible and beneficial than those done via technology.
With face to face meetings, the chat is usually more to the point, meaning that the conversation will flow a lot
more naturally. This enables us to be clearer with our objectives, come up with more ideas and lead to more
opportunities for the business.
Face to face meetings helps make focusing easier
It’s not only social media that causes an issue for virtual meetings. People tend to multi-task throughout and
this includes replying to emails or continuing with their project. This means that more often than not people in
a virtual meeting are not fully concentrating on the meeting topic and are distracted.