Q: Which of the following refers to a program or process for evaluating and

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improving the e ectiveness of an EMS System

a. Quality Improvement
b. System e 昀昀ectiveness management
c. Process Improvement Plan (PIP)
d. Total Quality System - answer a

In 1966 the National Highway Safety Act charged which of the following agencies
with the development of emergency medical service standards?
A) U.S. Department of Transportation
B) U.S. Department of the Interior
C)U.S. Department of Health Services
D) U.S. Department of Homeland Security - answer a

Centralized coordination of emergency medical access, transportation, and care most

refers to which of the following?
A) Emergency preparedness plan
B) Trauma system
C)Resource management
D) Central deployment - answer c

Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of the modern emergency
medical services (EMS) system?
A) To have trained personnel respond quickly and provide emergency care on the
scene, during transport, and at the hospital
B) To have trained personnel capable of assessing and caring for injured and ill patients
on the scene
C)To have trained personnel understand the limitations of their training and "do no
harm," while providing prompt transport to the hospital
D) To have trained personnel knowledgeable in all aspects of prehospital care - answer
a

Which of the following is the primary responsibility of the EMT?

A) Protect and stabilize the patient

B) Communicate with other responders on the scene
C)Maintain personal health and safety
D) Provide emergency care - answer c

Which of the following is a personality trait required of EMTs?

A) Ability to lift and carry 125 pounds

B) Awareness of problems with color vision
C)Ability to dominate the patient
D) Control of personal habits - answer d

The National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) was founded to

establish which of the following?

A) An education curriculum for EMT courses

B) Quality oversight of emergency medical services practices
C)National standards for emergency medical services personnel
D) Quality improvement and quality assurance programs for emergency medical
services - answer c

Why is it important for EMTs to participate in quality improvement programs?

A) To ensure that individuals making false calls for EMS are prosecuted
B) To identify problem employees and create a corrective action plan
C)To identify problems and develop a plan to prevent their recurrence
D) To ensure adequate personnel are available for emergencies - answer c

Who assumes the ultimate responsibility for patient care rendered by the EMT?
A) EMS supervisor
B) EMT
C)Director of quality assurance
D) Medical Director - answer d

You and your EMT partner are assigned to spend a day at the senior center where you
are to inspect the rooms and common areas for fall hazards. Your partner is upset that
he is not in the ambulance where the "action is." He complains that "looking for loose
rugs" is a waste of his time. What would be the best response to his complaints?

A) It is good practice for the next emergency call.

B) It makes the taxpayers happy.
C)Injury prevention in the community is an important component of EMS.
D) It minimizes the number of 911 calls late at night. - answer c

What is a common term used to describe the items needed for Standard Precautions or
body substance isolation precautions?
A) Harm-reduction strategy
B) Exposure-control plan
C)Personal protective equipment
D) Infection-control plan - answer c

An EMT should consider wearing protective eyewear when caring for which of these
patients?
A) A patient with a di 昀케 cult-to-visualize scalp laceration
B) A trauma patient who is covered in dirt, rocks, and other foreign debris
C)A patient who is actively coughing
D) A patient who was sprayed with mace by police during arrest - answer c

Due to the high risk of an unstable work environment, EMTs responding to a motor
vehicle crash may consider using in addition to standard PPE.
A) N-95 masks
B) heavy-duty gloves
C)face shields
D) Level B hazmat suits - answer b

Which of the following refers to a program or process for evaluating and

昀昀
improving the e ectiveness of an EMS System
a. Quality Improvement
b. System e 昀昀ectiveness management
c. Process Improvement Plan (PIP)
d. Total Quality System - answer a

Which of the following agencies is responsible for establish EMS system

assessment programs?
a. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
b. United States Health Services Agency (HSA)
c. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
d. National Highway Tra 昀케 c Safety Administrations (NHTSA) - answer d
Which of the following is the primary responsibility of the EMT?
a. Protect and stabilize the patient
b. Maintain personal health and safety
c. Communicate with other responders on the scene
d. Provide emergency care - answer b

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What BEST de nes the evaluation of the patient's condition in order to provide
emergency care?
a. Patient Advocacy
b. Medical Intervention
c. Patient Access
d. Patient Assessment - answer d

When covering a patient's mouth and nose with a mask of any kind, which of the
following is the primary risk?
a. Upsetting the patient because of the social stigma
b. Interfering with patient communication
c. Obstructing the ability to visualize and protect the airway
d. Causing or exasperating respiratory illnesses - answer c

Which three "Rs" are essential for the EMT to practice when reacting to danger?
a. Ricochet, Recover, Re-entry
b. Realize, React, Reassess
c. Retreat, Radio, Reevaluate
d. Remember, Respect, Respond - answer c
Urgent moves are required when
a. Rapid transport is necessary
b. There are no life threats and conditions are stable
c. Performed for treatment of life threats along with precautions for spinal injuries
d. An emergency move is not possible - answer c

Which of the following factors housed be considered before lifting any patient
a. Communications
b. The weight of the patient
c. Your physical limitations
d. All of the above - answer d

Concept that's used in tort law meaning "the thing speaks for itself" in Latin
a. Res ipso loquitur
b. Tort
c. Negligence
d. In loco parentis - answer a

Consent that's given. By adults who are of legal age and mentally competent to
make a rational decision regarding their medical well-being
a. Implied Consent
b. Expressed Consent
c. In loco parentis
d. Direct Concsent - answer b

Consent is presumed a patient or patients parent/guardian would give if they could

a. Implied Consent
b. Expressed Consent
c. In loco parentis
d. Direct Concsent - answer a

Consent in a situation where care may be given without direct consent from a
parent/guardian. The child care provider or school authority may act based on what
type of consent?
a. Implied Consent
b. Expressed Consent
c. In loco parentis
d. Involuntary Concsent - answer c

What is the danger that an altered mental status can pose to a patients breathing
a. Bronchospasms
b. Hyperoxia
c. Loss of muscle tone and airway collapse d. Depressed alveolar function - answer c

For life to be maintained, a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is needed. The
condition when oxygen levels are low is called:
a. Hyperventilation
b. Hypoxia
c. Hypercarbia
d. Hypotension - answer b

What is the color of a light skinned patient when its normal, also normal at inner eyelids,
lips, and nail beds of dark-skinned patients?
a. Pale
b. Cyanotic
c. Pink
d. Jaundice - answer c

What is the color of ones skin when there blood vessels are constricted, usually
resulting from blood loss, shock, hypertension, emotional distress
a. Pale
b. Cyanotic
c. Pink
d. Jaundice - answer a

Lack of oxygen in blood cells and tissues resulting from inadequate breathing
or heart function causes ones skin to be
a. Pale
b. Cyanotic
c. Pink
d. Flushed - answer b

Exposure to heat, and emotional excitement causes the skin to look

a. Jaundice
b. Cyanotic
c. Mottled
d. Flushed - answer d

A patients skin may be if they have abnormalities of their liver

a. Jaundice
b. Cyanotic
c. Mottled
d. Flushed - answer a
An uncommon skin coloration that sometimes occurs in patients, mainly children
and the elderly in shock is
a. Jaundice
b. Cyanotic
c. Mottled
d. Flushed - answer c

What position is good for when a spine injury is suspected?

a. Anatomic
b. Supine
c. Prone
d. Recovery - answer b

When patients are lying on their abdomen

a. Anatomic
b. Supine
c. Prone
d. Recovery - answer c

When the body is standing erect, facing the observer, with arms down at the sides and
palms of the hands forward
a. Anatomic
b. Supine
c. Semi-Fowler
d. Recovery - answer a
This position is for any unconscious non trauma patient so 昀氀uids or vomitus can
drain from their mouth
a. Fowler
b. Supine
c. Semi-Fowler
d. Recovery - answer d

A semi-sitting position that patients with cardiac or trouble breathing and shock
should be put in
a. Fowler
b. Supine
c. Semi-Fowler
d. Recovery - answer c

A patient that's sitting straight up

a. Fowler
b. Supine
c. Semi-Fowler
d. Recovery - answer a

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You are at a scene where the car is on re, and a patient is currently trapped in the
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car. The re is contained, what SHOULD you do?
a. Emergency Move
b. Urgent Move
c. Get a backboard and load them onto it
d. Hold C-Spine - answer a

How would you describe where a laceration on an inner thigh would be

a. Midline
b. Medial
c. Lateral
d. Unilateral - answer b

The supply of oxygen and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a
result of the 昀氀
ow of blood through the capillaries.
a. Tension
b. Perfusion
c. Perineum
d. Permeation - answer b

Accumulation of 昀氀
uid in the feet or ankles. Signs of swelling, pu 昀케 ness, and di昀케 culty
moving a part of the body
a. Pedal Edema
b. Pitting Edema
c. Pulmonary Edema
d. Cerebral Edema - answer a

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It often a ects the lower body, such as the legs, feet, and ankles, but it can occur
anywhere. If you press on a swollen area and an indentation or pit remains
a. Pedal Edema
b. Pitting Edema
c. Pulmonary Edema
d. Cerebral Edema - answer b

Excess 昀氀 uid that collects in the lungs, making breathing di 昀케 cult. You often hear
crackling in the lower lungs.
a. Pedal Edema
b. Pitting Edema
c. Pulmonary Edema
d. Cerebral Edema - answer c

When a child throws there arms out, spreads their 昀椀ngers and grabs there 昀椀ngers and
arms
a. Rooting Re昀氀ex
b. Moro Re昀氀ex
c. Palmar Re昀氀ex
d. Sucking Re昀氀ex - answer b

When you place our 昀椀nger in a childs palm and they grasp it
a. Rooting Re昀氀ex
b. Moro Re昀氀ex
c. Palmar Re昀氀ex
d. Sucking Re昀氀ex - answer c

When you touch a Childs cheek and they turn their head toward the side touched
a. Rooting Re昀氀ex
b. Moro Re昀氀ex
c. Palmar Re昀氀ex
d. Sucking Re昀氀ex - answer a

When you stroke a Childs lips and they start sucking

a. Rooting Re昀氀ex
b. Moro Re昀氀ex
c. Palmar Re昀氀ex
d. Sucking Re 昀氀ex - answer d
Two chronic medical conditions that dialysis patients frequently have in addition to
kidney failure are and
a. Hypertension; diabetes
b. Blood clots; COPD
c. Heart failure; stroke
d. High cholesterol; cerebral aneurysms - answer a

You are treating an unresponsive homeless patient found in an alley. During your
assessment you notice bruising behind both ears, which is known as which of the
following
a. Warrior's signs
b. Fatigue signs
c. Battles signs
d. Soldiers signs - answer c

What is the continuation of the spinal cord within the skull, forming the lowest part
of the brainstem and containing control centers for the heart and lungs.
a. Malleolus
b. Medulla Oblongata
c. Dead Space
d. Carina Space - answer b

What is the air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does
not actually reach the area of gas exchange.
a. Danger Zone
b. Carina Space
c. Dead Space
d. Pleural Space - answer c

What is it called when you there's potential space between the lung and chest wall
a. Danger Zone
b. Carina Space
c. Dead Space
d. Pleural Space - answer d

What is a normal blood pressure for the average adult?

a. 90/60
b. 120/80
c. 150/85
d. 134/80 - answer b

What is a high-pitched sound caused by a blockage in the larynx or trachea?

a. Stridor
b. Crackling
c. Hoarseness
d. Sludging - answer a

A sound originating from the base of the lungs caused by excess 昀氀uid in the airways
a. Stridor
b. Crackling
c. Hoarseness
d. Sludging - answer b

Whats a high-pitched gasp usually followed by a long bout of coughing?

a. Stridor
b. Gurgling
c. Hoarseness
d. Whooping - answer d

What is a weakening or altering of the voice that is common among lung cancer
patients
a. Stridor
b. Gurgling
c. Hoarseness
d. Sludging - answer c

Whats usually caused by blockages in smaller blood vessels

a. Stridor
b. Snoring
c. Hoarseness
d. Sludging - answer d

What is the sound of the soft tissue of the upper airway creating a partial obstruction
昀氀
to the ow of air. Usually indicates a decrease in mental status
a. Stridor
b. Snoring
c. Hoarseness
d. Sludging - answer b

What is NOT a cause of crackling sounds in the lungs?

a. COPD
b. Pulmonary Edema
c. Cystic Fibrosis
d. Pulmonary Embolism - answer d

What usually originates in the organs within the abdomen and is described as dull,
achy or intermittent
a. Visceral pain
b. Localized pain
c. Parietal Pain
d. Referred Pain - answer a

What's a sharp pain that can be localized by pointing to a speci 昀椀c spot?
a. Visceral pain
b. Localized pain
c. Parietal Pain
d. Referred Pain - answer c

What is it when the brain mistakenly identi 昀椀es pain as coming from one region to
another region
a. Visceral pain
b. Localized pain
c. Parietal Pain
d. Referred Pain - answer d

What would you think your patient has if they complain of a deep, constant pain in
their abdomen or on the side, back pain, and a pulse near their bellybutton. They usually
have an enlarged area in the lower part of the major vessels that supply blood to the
body
a. Abdominal aortic aneurysm
b. Myocardial infarction
c. Lower gastrointestinal bleed
d. Ectopic pregnancy - answer a

What would you think your patient has if they have pressure, tightness, pain, or a
squeezing sensation in their chest that may radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, or back?
a. Abdominal aortic aneurysm
b. Myocardial infarction
c. Lower gastrointestinal bleed
d. Ectopic pregnancy - answer b

What would you think is wrong with your patient if they are vomiting co 昀昀ee ground
emesis, chest pain, and abdominal pain
a. Abdominal aortic aneurysm
b. Myocardial infarction
c. Lower gastrointestinal bleed
d. Ectopic pregnancy - answer c

What would you think is wrong with your patient if they have sharp abdominal pain,
dizziness and vomiting?
a. Abdominal aortic aneurysm
b. Myocardial infarction
c. Lower gastrointestinal bleed
d. Ectopic pregnancy - answer d

You have a patient that can't understand you when you speak to them, but are AOX3
a. Receptive Aphasia
b. Disorientation to time
c. Expressive Aphasia
d. Hypoglycemic - answer a

You have a patient that can't express words but can understand what you're saying.
They seem to be speaking gibberish, what's wrong?
a. Receptive Aphasia
b. Disorientation to time
c. Expressive Aphasia
d. Hypoglycemic - answer c

The use of a made-up experience to replace lost memories with imaginary ones
a. Confusion
b. Hallucination
c. Hysteria
d. Confabulation - answer d

When the body is in water, how many times faster does it lose heat than when it is in
still air?
a. 2
b. 100
c. 10
d. 25 - answer d

Which of the following is the most signi 昀椀cant way in which the body cools itself?
a. Respiration
b. Perspiration
c. Radiation
d. Vasoconstriction - answer b
Which of the following does NOT make infants and children more prone to hypothermia?
a. Ine 昀케 cient metabolism
b. Large body surface area
c. Small muscle mass
d. Little body fat - answer a

Which of the following descriptions MOST acc accurately portrays emergency medical
services EMS?
A-a vast network of advanced life-support (ALS) who provide de 昀椀nitive emergency care in
the prehospital setting
B- A team of healthcare professionals who are responsible for providing care and
transportation to the sick and injured.
C- The system composed exclusively of emergency medical responder's (EMRs)
and emergency medical technician (EMTs)for providing care sick and injured
patients.
D- A team of paramedics and emergency physicians who are responsible for
providing emergency care to critically injured patients. - answer b

How should you classify a patient's nature of illness if he or she has a low blood
glucose level, bizarre behavior, and shallow breathing? A:Behavioral emergency
B:Altered mental status
C:Respiratory emergency
D:Cardiac compromise - answer
b

A 60-year-old male complains of a tearing sensation in his abdomen. He tells you the
pain began suddenly and feels like someone is sticking a knife into his abdomen. He
is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 148/88 mm Hg, a pulse of 120
beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min. In addition to administering high- ow 昀氀
oxygen, you should:
A:perform a rapid head to toe assessment and prepare for transport.
B:auscultate over his epigastrium to assess for bowel sounds.
C:vigorously palpate his abdomen to assess for a pulsating mass.
D:transport at once and be prepared to treat him for severe shock. - answer d

National guidelines for EMS care are intended to .

Select one:
A. facilitate a national EMS labor group
B. reduce expenses at the local and state levels
[Link] more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States
D. unify EMS providers under a single medical director - answer c

As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain
based on: Select one:
A. medical director approval.
B. an order from a paramedic.
[Link] patient's condition.
D. the transport time to the hospital. - answer a

Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical

services (EMS)?
Select one:
A. A system composed exclusively of emergency medical responders (EMRs) and
emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who are responsible for providing care to sick
and injured patients
B. A vast network of advanced life support (ALS) providers who provide de 昀椀nitive
emergency care in the prehospital setting
C.A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency
care and transportation to the sick and injured
D. A team of paramedics and emergency physicians who are responsible for
providing emergency care to critically injured patients - answer c
Which of the following statements regarding the Americans With Disabilities Act
(ADA) of 1990 is correct?
Select one:
A. The ADA applies only to individuals with a diagnosed and well-documented
physical disability.
B. According to the ADA, EMT candidates with a documented disability are
exempt from taking the NREMT exam.
[Link] ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to
those who are disabled.
D. The minimum number of hours required to successfully complete an EMT course is
less for candidates who are disabled. - answer c

The EMT's 昀椀rst priority is .

Select one:
A. empathy for all patients
B. treatment and transport
[Link] response
D. personal safety - answer d

In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly

exist? Select one:
A. A call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change.
B. The EMT hears of a cardiac arrest after his or her shift ends.
C.A bystander encounters a victim who is not breathing.
D. The EMT witnesses a vehicle crash while o 昀昀 duty. - answer a
Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence?
Select one:
A. Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation
B. Breach of duty, injury/damages, abandonment, and causation
[Link] to act, abandonment, breach of duty, and causation
D. Abandonment, breach of duty, damages, and causation - answer a

You arrive to 昀椀
nd a 48 year old male complaining that his chest feels heavy. The
patient is awake and talking to you. During your assessment, you note that his skin
昀椀
is pale, cool, and clammy. Your rst step is to:
A. apply your AED
B. administer supplemental oxygen
[Link] a past medical history
D. assist the patient in taking his neighbor's nitroglycerin - answer b

Which of the following is the correct 昀氀ow of blood through the heart and lungs?
A. inferior/superior vena cavae, lungs, right atrium, right ventricle, left venntricle, aorta
B. inferior/superior vena cavae, left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium, left
ventricle, aorta
[Link]/superior vena cavae, lings, aorta, left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium,
left ventricle
D. inferior/superior vena cavae, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left ventricle,
aorta - answer d

You are treating a patient that has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. You
昀氀
can lift a ap of skin on the patient's head. This type of injury would e referred to as
a(n):
A. avulsion
B. laceration
[Link]
D. puncture - answer a

Ligaments connect:
A. muscle to bone
B. bones to tendon
[Link] to bone
D. muscle to tendons - answer c

Which of the following is NOT an imminent sign that birthing is going to occur?
A. crowning has occurred
B. contractions are 5 minutes apart
[Link] patient feels the infant's head moving down her birth canal
D. the patient's abdomen is very hard - answer b

You arrive on the scene of an incident where a 16 year old male fell approximately 12
feet. That would be considered:
A. a trauma alert
昀椀cant mechanism of injury
B. a signi
[Link] a signi昀椀cant mechanism of injury
D. a case with a load 'n' go patient - answer c

You arrive on the scene of a patient who fell from a ladder. You should open the
patient's airway by using:
A. head-tilt/chin-lift
B. jaw thrust maneuver
[Link]-lift/head-tilt
D. head-tilt/jaw-thrust - answer b

You arrive on the scene, 昀椀 nding an unconscious patient. There are no other individuals in
the vicinity to give any other information or permission to treat the patient. Even
though the patient cannot give you consent to treat him, you begin to do so because
of"
A. expressed consent
B. implied consent
[Link] directives
D. emergency consent - answer b

You arrive on the scene to 昀椀

nd an unconscious patient about 14 years of age. Where
would you assess for a pulse on this patient?
A. carotid artery
B. brachial artery
[Link] artery
D. radial artery - answer a

The appropriate care for a patient with epistaxis is to:

A. have the patient lay down and remain calm
B. pinch the nostrils and have the patient lean forward
[Link] the nostrils and have the patient lean back
D. have the patient lay in a supine position with his head lower than the body - answer b

During your assessment of a patient's chest you note that the left side of the chest
moves opposite to the right. This is called:
A. crepitus
B. paradigmal motion
[Link] emphysema
D. paradoxical movement - answer d

When you listen to the lungs of an asthma patient you would expect to hear:
A. wheezes
B. rales
[Link]
D. rhonchi - answer d

Tidal volume is best de 昀椀ned as the:

A. volume of air inhaled on a single breath
B. volume of air that remains in the upper airway
[Link] volume of air that the lungs are capable of holding
D. volume of air moved in and out of the lungs each minute - answer a

Which of the following would 昀椀

ndings would be most signi 昀椀cant during an assessment
of a patient with a severe headache?
A. pain in both legs
B. chest discomfort
[Link] weakness
D. abdominal tenderness - answer c

Snoring respirations are most rapidly managed by

A. suctioning the oropharynx
B. initiating assisted ventilations
[Link] positioning the head
D. inserting an oropharyngeal airway - answer c

Who is the oversight of the patient-care aspects of the EMS System

a. Medical Director
b. Medical Direction
c. Designated Agent
d. On-line Medical Direction - answer b
What is the "pre"-antibiotic that an EMS will take before bacteria sets in?
a. Preeclampsia
b. Prophylaxis
c. Penicillin
d. Sulfa - answer b

An adult male patient is suspected of having an acute myocardial infarction. If true,

which of the following may be seen on the physical exam?
a. Pinpoint Pupils
b. Hemiparesis
c. Diaphoresis
d. Hot, red skin that has poor turgor - answer c

If a peanut is aspirated, where is it most likely to become lodged?

a. Left lung alveoli
b. Carina
c. Right mainstream bronchus
d. Left bronchioles - answer c

Which of the following happens during the inhalation phase of ventilation?

a. The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract, enlarging the chest cavity
b. The diaphragm contracts, moving upward, forcing the lungs to expand outward
c. The diaphragm relaxes, decreasing the chest cavity
d. The diaphragm contracts and the intercostal muscles relax, enlarging the chest
cavity - answer a

Which of the following occurs during the peripheral capillary cellular exchange?
a. Body cells obtain energy from stored glycogen
b. Carbon dioxide from cells enters the alveoli and oxygen leaves the alveoli and
enters the cell
c. Carbon dioxide from cells enters the capillaries and oxygen leaves the capillaries and
enters the cells
d. Oxygen form capillaries enters the alveoli and carbon dioxide leaves the alveoli and
enters the capillaries - answer c

How many lobes are there in a normal left lung?

a. Four
b. One
c. Three
d. Two - answer d

An adult patient has sustained a likely closed femur fracture. Swelling, deformity
and diminished pulses are noted. The patient is beginning to show early signs of
hypovolemic shock but has no obvious external blood loss. How much blood can be
lost due to internal bleeding secondary to a closed femoral shaft fracture?
a. 1,000 to 1,500 mL
b. 500 to 1,000 mL
c. More than 2,000 mL
d. 1,500 to 2,000 mL - answer b

If a patient has a stroke volume of 75mL per beat and a heart rate of 75bpm, what is his
or her cardiac output?
a. 150 mL/min
b. 75 mL/min
c. 5.6 L/min
d. 1 mL/min - answer c
Which of the following is a likely sign/symptom of decompensated shock that may
not be seen in compensated shock?
a. Failing blood pressure
b. Pale, diaphoretic skin
c. Feeling of impending doom
d. Weak pulse - answer a

What is the primary action of nitro?

a. Relaxation of the muscles of blood vessel walls
b. Relaxation of the heart muscles
c. Contraction of the heart muscles
d. Contraction of the muscle of blood vessel walls - answer a

Which of the following terms describes the pressure in the heart as blood volume
increases prior to contraction
a. After-load
b. Systolic blood pressure
c. Preload
d. Contractility - answer c

All of the following are indicated for helmet removal in an injured football player except
for:
a. Its a full-face helmet
b. It makes assessing or managing airway problems di 昀케 cult or impossible
c. Prevents you from properly immobilizing the spine
d. The nose is deformed and crepitus is noted - answer d
A 74 y/o female is complaining of chest pain and having trouble catching her breath.
She has a cough that is producing pink, frothy sputum. Crackles are noted on
auscultation of the lung.
Which of the following is MOST likely causing her signs and symptoms?
a. Cardiogenic shock
b. Stable angina pectoris
c. Congestive heart failure
d. Emphysema - answer c

What is the correct technique for performing the head-tilt/chin-lift procedure on a

patient with no suspected spinal trauma?
a. Place the heel of one hand on the patient's forehead and apply 昀椀 rm backward
pressure.
Place the 昀椀 ngertips of the alternate hand under the lower jaw and push the chin down
b. Place the heel of one hand on the patient's forehand. Place the heel of the alternate
hand under the lower jaw and close the mouth, but open the airway
c. Place the 昀椀
ngers of both hands behind the angles of the lower jaw and move the
jaw upward with the index and middle 昀椀
ngers using the thumbs to help position the
lower jaw
d. Place the heel of one hand on the patient's forehead and apply 昀椀rm backward
pressure. Place the 昀椀 ngertips of the alternate hand under the lower jaw and lift he
chin upward - answer d

Which of the following is considered a tertiary blast injury?

a. Injuries due to the blast
b. Injures due to 昀氀ying debris
c. Injuries due to 昀椀res started by the blast
d. Injuries due to being hurled into a stationary object - answer d

Arriving at the home of a patient who has chest pain, you are told that she has an
昀椀
automatic implanted cardiac de brillator (AICD). You administer oxygen and begin a
SAMPLE history.
Before you 昀椀 nish, the patient loses consciousness. You determine she is apnoeic and
pulseless. Of the following which one is the most appropriate ac2on to take?
a. Wait for the patient's AICS to respond
b. Start CPR and attach an AED
c. Contact medical control for orders
d. Do CPR only but do not connect an AED - answer b

3-year-old girl swallowed a piece of hard candy and it lodged in her throat. She is having
昀케
di cultly breathing. You hear abnormal sounds when listening with your stethoscope.
What sound might you expect to hear?
a. Rales
b. Stridor
c. Snoring
d. Wheezes - answer b

Your patient used a metered-dose inhaler prior to your arrival. It provided relief from
his asthma symptoms. This is because the medication inhaled came in contact
with the
a. Oral mucosa
b. Trachea and main bronchi
c. Bronchioles
d. Alveoli - answer c

You are treating an unresponsive but breathing 54-year-old female whose chief
complaint was respiratory distress prior to becoming unresponsive. You have placed
the patient on oxygen and attempted to place an oral airway but were unable because
昀氀
of an intact gag re ex. In what poison should the patient be placed?
a. Prone
b. Supine
c. Semi-fowler's position
d. Laterally recumbent position - answer d
 昀케
You are called for an unresponsive patient in the hallway of an o ce complex. You 昀椀
nd the 36-year-old female patient moaning slightly. Her breathing is adequate and she
appears to have lost bladder control. As you place oxygen on the patient and gather a
quick history from bystanders you observe the patient's mental status improving.
This patient's current presentation was most likely caused by
a. Stroke
b. Seizure
c. Hypoglycemia
d. Myocardial Infraction - answer b

You are treating a patient who complains of respiratory distress. He is breathing rapidly
but shallowly and can speak only one- to two-word sentences. His skin color is poor
and he appears tired. His family states he has "bad" chronic bronchitis and congestive
heart failure.
You should
a. Administer oxygen via nasal cannula
b. Administer oxygen via venturi mask
c. Administer oxygen via non-rebreather mask
d. Administer ventilations via bag-valve mask - answer d

Your patient is experiencing right-sided heart failure. You would expect to see an
accumulation of 昀氀uid in the...
a. Alveoli
b. Periphery
c. Pulmonary Vein
d. Coronary Arteries - answer b

Which of the following would be the most likely indicator your patient was su 昀昀ering
from emphysema?
a. Use of home oxygen
b. Multiple metered-dose inhalers
c. Increased anterior-posterior chest diameter
d. Productive cough with a change in sputum color - answer c

Your multiple trauma patient does not have radial pulses but does have a carotid pulse.
This means the patient most likely has:
a. Hypoperfusion
b. An injury to the aortic arch
c. Bilateral extremity fractures
d. Pre-existing vascular problems in his extremities - answer a

A trauma patient cannot feel anything in his body from the nipple level down. The
level of spinal cord injury is likely at
a. T4
b. C7
c. T1
d. T10 - answer c

You are called to a pregnant patient who is full term. You observe the umbilical cord
昀椀
protruding from the vagina. The most signi cant problem that accompanies this
condition is:
a. Fetal hypoxia
b. Fetal hemorrhage
c. Maternal hypoxia
d. Maternal hemorrhage - answer a

Which of the following conditions is most likely to be found during routine examination
of the mother during pregnancy?
a. Placental abruption
b. Placenta previa
c. Prolapsed cord
d. Pre-term labor - answer b

Your patient has just injected a drug that his friends believe was heroin. Which of
the following vital signs most suggests the drug was actually heroin?
a. Pulse of 82/min
b. Pulse of 180/min and irregular
c. Respirations of 8/min
d. Respirations of 42/min - answer c

You and your partner are preparing to transport a 56-year-old man with hand pain. The
patient states he does not wish to sit on the stretcher and "just wants to sit on the
bench." Your partner says, "Sure, that's 昀椀 ne." You should:
a. Accept the wishes of your partner
b. Allow the patient to sit on the bench but use a seat belt
c. Talk to your partner after the call and express you disagreement
d. Tell your partner you are uncomfortable transporting the patient on the bench
seat - answer d

You are treating an injury to the knee as a result of a motorcycle collision. There is
severe hemorrhage from the extremity at the site of deformity. You should
a. Apply direct pressure over the site
b. Use a pressure point to stop the bleeding
c. Splint the fracture which will control the bleeding
d. Apply a tourniquet to the distal thigh to stop bleeding - answer d

While in the ambulance reassessing a patient with a splinted tibia and 昀椀 bula fracture
you can't locate a distal pulse in the injured extremity. The patient did have a distal
pulse after application of the splint. To address this situation you should:
a. Loosen the splint slightly
b. Attempt to manipulate the extremity
c. Request an advanced life support intercept
d. Assume the pulse is present but masked by swelling - answer a

You're patient is hypotensive. Which one of the following would most likely cause
this condition?
a. Increased heart rate
b. Increased stroke volume
c. Decreased vasomotor tone
d. Decreased parasympathetic nervous system activity - answer c

You are assessing a patient with blunt chest trauma. You notice that the patient has
diminished sounds over the left side of his chest. Which of the following would lead you
to suspect hemothorax over pneumothorax?
a. Di 昀케 culty breathing
b. Distended neck veins
c. Hypo-resonance to percussion
d. Diminished sounds are in the apex of the lungs - answer c

A patient was burned on his anterior torso and the anterior surface of both arms. The
body surface area burned is
a. 18%
b. 22.5%
c. 27%
d. 36% - answer a

You arrive at a home just acer a father has assisted in the unexpected birth of his
daughter. The baby wasn't expected for another week or two. The father is holding
the baby who
appears limp and with minimal movement. The baby has cyanosis in her torso and
extremities. You observe extremely rapid breathing. The baby's pulse is 52. You
should
a. Dry and warm the baby
b. Provide blow-by-oxygen
c. Ventilate the baby with a neonate BVM
d. Provide CPR and ventilate the baby with a neonate BVM - answer d

昀케
You are treating a 2-year-old child whose parent's report poor feeding and di culty
breathing. Which of the following signs would be most indicative of a serious
condition?
a. Limp appearance
b. Expiratory wheezing
c. Accessory muscle use
d. Previous unsuccessful use of a prescribed inhaler - answer a

What is the stage of labor begins with the onset of contractions and ends when the:
a. Delivery of the fetus
b. Delivery of the placenta
c. Dilation of the cervix
d. Put hand up there to hold placenta in - answer c

What is the stage of labor begins when the fetus begins to encounter the birth canal
and ends with the:
a. Delivery of the fetus
b. Delivery of the placenta
c. Dilation of the cervix
d. Put hand up there to hold placenta in - answer a

What is the stage of labor begins with the birth of the newborn and ends with the:
a. Delivery of the fetus
b. Delivery of the placenta
c. Dilation of the cervix
d. Put hand up there to hold placenta in - answer b

What patients have an increased chance of falling?

a. 25 year old male with normal vitals
b. 34 y/o male with blunt force chest trauma with obvious signs of shock
c. 34 y/o female that's 24 weeks pregnant
d. 34 y/o female with an increased heart rate - answer c

Pregnant women have an increased amount of total blood volume it approximately

increased there heart rate by during the trimester
a. 24%, second
b. 20%, 昀椀rst
c. 15%, third
d. 20%, third - answer d

35 y/o female patient involved in a MVC who is 25 weeks pregnant, she has severe
hemorrhage from injuries. This trauma is one of the leading causes of:
a. Ectopic pregnancy
b. Abruptio placenta
c. Cardiac arrest
d. Blood loss leading to shock - answer b

When a women is pregnant what is MOST vulnerable to penetrating trauma and blunt
injuries
a. Preclampsia
b. Umbilcal
c. Uterus
d. Abdomen - answer c

When should you suspect abruptio placenta?

a. Blunt trauma to the abdomen
b. Primary type
c. Quaternary type
d. Quinary Type - answer a

34 y/o female who is in her second trimester was involved in a MVC. She's AOX3, her
vitals seem normal for an MVC victim, but she's complaining of , what is/are the
MOST LIKELY signs and symptoms that she could be having
a. Vaginal bleeding and severe abdominal pain
b. Blood loss
c. Pain in her chest
d. Pain in her femur - answer a

What stage of labor is the longest stage?

a. Second Stage
b. Third Stage
c. First Stage
d. Braxton Hicks - answer c

A woman who is having her 昀椀rst child, what is the average amount of time it takes for
the cervix to become fully dilated?
a. 4 hours
b. 14 hours
c. 16 hours
d. 23 hours - answer c

During this stage of labor you usually see blood and the rupture of the amniotic sac
a. Second Stage
b. Third Stage
c. First Stage
d. Braxton Hicks - answer c

What type of contractions are contractions and relaxation of the uterine muscle?
a. Second Stage
b. Third Stage
c. First Stage
d. Braxton Hicks - answer d

During this stage of labor uterine contractions are usually closer together and last
longer
a. Second Stage
b. Third Stage
c. First Stage
d. Braxton Hicks - answer a

During this stage of labor the perineum will begin to budge signi 昀椀cantly usually
crowning occurs
a. Second Stage
b. Third Stage
c. First Stage
d. Braxton Hicks - answer a
During the stage of labor the placenta is supposed to becomes separate from the
uterine wall
a. Second Stage
b. Third Stage
c. First Stage
d. Braxton Hicks - answer b

During this stage of labor it may take up to 30 minutes

a. Second Stage
b. Third Stage
c. First Stage
d. Braxton Hicks - answer b

You show up the scene of a 34 y/o female who is crowning. You follow your training
properly, and begin to deliver the baby but a 昀氀 昀椀uid lled sac becomes emerging from the
vagina. The
, causes the fetus to if it is not removed.
a. Unruptured amniotic sac, su 昀昀ocate
b. Ruptured, su 昀昀ocate
c. Unruptured, survive
d. Umbilical cord, su 昀昀ocate - answer a
After delivering a baby, the placenta will deliver itself from 2-30min after the birth. When
you are delivering the placenta before transport you must:
a. Stick there your hand up there vagina to stop the bleeding
b. Place a sterile pad or sanitary napkin over the vagina
c. Put the patient in the lithotomy position
d. Put the patient in Trendelenburg Position - answer b

What is the average heart rate for a newborn child?

a. 140 bpm
b. 100 bpm
c. 120 bpm
d. 124 bpm - answer c

What do we look for when assessing the APGAR score?

a. Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration
b. Appearance, Palpitations, Grin, Airway, Rest
c. Airway, Pulse, Glands, Appearance, Respiration
d. Aspiration, Placenta, Gerd, Activity, Rapid - answer a

2 month old baby have arms and legs 昀氀exed, what score would this child have on Activity
in APGAR Scale?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3 - answer b

2 month old baby is actively moving what score would this child have on Activity in
APGAR Scale?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3 - answer c

A 2 month baby has absent on the PAR part of the APGAR scale, what would this baby
score?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3 - answer a

A 2 month baby is 昀氀accid what would there score be on Grimace according to the
APGAR scale?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3 - answer a

A 2 month baby is blue, and pale, what would there score be during the Appearance
according to the APGAR scale?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3 - answer a

A 2 month baby is pulse is below 100bpm, what would the score be according to the
APGAR scale?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3 - answer b

A 2 month baby is pulse is over 100 bpm, what would ther score be according to the
APGAR scale?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3 - answer c

A 2 month baby has some 昀氀

exion of their extremities, what would there score be
according to the APGAR scale?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3 - answer b

昀昀
A 2 month babies skin is two di erent colors, there body is pink, and the extremities are
blue, what would there score be according to the APGAR scale?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3 - answer b

A 2 month baby is active by sneezing, coughing or pulling away, what would there
score be according to the APGAR scale?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3 - answer c

A 2 month baby skin completely pink, what would there score be according to the
APGAR scale?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3 - answer c

A 2 month baby is having slow, and irregular breath, what would there score be
according to the APGAR scale?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3 - answer b

A 2 month baby is vigorously crying, what would the score be according to the APGAR
scale?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3 - answer b

If the AGAR score is in the range of 0-3 for a 2 month baby totaled up what would the
APGAR scale say the child is
a. Severely depressed
b. Moderately depressed
c. Cardiac arrest
d. Excellent Condition - answer a

If the AGAR score is in the range of 4-6 for a 2 month baby totaled up what would the
APGAR scale say the child is
a. Severely depressed
b. Moderately depressed
c. Cardiac arrest
d. Excellent Condition - answer b

If the AGAR score is in the range of 7-10 for a 2 month baby totaled up what would
the APGAR scale say the child is
a. Severely depressed
b. Moderately depressed
c. Cardiac arrest
d. Excellent Condition - answer d

You pull up to the scene and a 2 month old male baby is昀氀 exing there arms and legs,
his pulse is at 120bpm, and he has some 昀氀 exion in his extremities. He is completely
pink but having slow and irregular breath sounds. What is his score on the APGAR?
a. 6
b. 7
c. 3
d. 5 - answer b

You pull up to the scene and a 3 mo. old male child, he's actively moving around, his
昀氀
pulse is at 90bpm, and he has some exion in his extremities. He is blue and pale but
having slow and irregular breath sounds. What is his score on the APGAR?
a. 7
b. 5
c. 4
d. 3 - answer b

Based on the APGAR score, a 1 mo. female child has a pulse of 124bpm, is 昀氀
exing
there arms and legs, sneezing and coughing, vigorously crying and her body is pink
but extremities are blue. Based on the score what condition are they in?
a. Excellent Condition
b. Severely Depressed
c. Moderately Depressed
d. Ventricular 昀椀brillation - answer a
Based on the APGAR score, a 1 mo. female child has a pulse of 90bpm, is 昀氀exing there
arms and legs, sneezing and coughing, shallow and irregular breathing. Her body is
pink but extremities are blue. Based on the score what condition are they in?
a. Excellent Condition
b. Severely Depressed
c. Moderately Depressed
d. Ventricular 昀椀brillation - answer c
When the fetus is crowning with neither the head nor buttocks, but a single arm, leg, or
foot, what is this called?
a. Crowning Presentation
b. Limb Presentation
c. Vertex Presentation
d. Breech Presentation - answer b

This kind of delivery happens when the infants are coming out of the canal buttocks 昀椀rst
a. Crowning Presentation
b. Limb Presentation
c. Vertex Presentation
d. Breech Presentation - answer d

After a baby is born what is a developmental defect in which a portion of the spinal cord
or meninges may protrude outside of the vertebrae and possibly outside the body
a. Spina Ischiadic
b. Spina Bi 昀椀da
c. Spina Angularis
d. Spina Scapulae - answer b

Twins occur every births

a. 43
b. 30
c. 35
d. 20 - answer b

Any newborn who is delivered before 36 weeks or weighs less than 5lbs is considered
a. Mature
b. Premature
c. Multiple Gestation
d. Crowning - answer b

When twins are born it is called

a. Mature
b. Premature
c. Multiple Gestation
d. Crowning - answer c

What pregnancy refers to pregnancies lasting longer the 42 weeks and sometimes
weighing more than 10lbs?
a. Premature
b. Preterm
c. Postterm
d. Fetal Demise - answer c

With a Postterm delivery the large size can lead to problems with the woman and fetus.
What is NOT true about this?
a. More di 昀케 cult labor and delivery
b. Increased chance of cesarean section
c. Increased risk of meconium aspiration, infection, and stillborn
d. The head is proportionately larger in comparison with the rest of the body - answer d

During the onset of premature if an intrauterine infection causes the , which can be
noted by an extremely foul odor. This is called better described as:
a. Premature
b. Preterm
c. Postterm
d. Fetal Demise - answer d

How much bleeding is considered to be excessive after the delivery of a baby to the
mother?
a. 500 mL
b. 400 mL
c. 1,000 mL
d. 2,000 mL - answer a

What is a result form a clot that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged
in an area of circulation
a. Pulmonary edema
b. Pulmonary embolism
c. Pulmonary Fibrosis
d. Pulmonary stenosis - answer b
A normal heart rate for a newborn is typically than that of a one year old
a. The same
b. Slower
c. Faster
d. It depends on the weight of the baby - answer c

The female reproductive system includes all of the following EXCEPT

a. Fallopian tubes
b. Vagina
c. Ureter
d. Ovaries - answer c

An ambulance is responding to a call for an apneic patient. Lights and sirens are used
as the ambulance approaches a four-way intersection controlled by tra 昀케 c lights. The
light for the direction of the ambulance begins to change from green to yellow upon
approach. Which of the following is the safest way to proceed through the intersection?
a. Use the air horn to warn vehicles that an emergency vehicle is approaching the
intersection
b. Increase speed, change the tone of the siren, and prepare for an emergency
maneuver if necessary
c. Maintain the same speed, change the tone of the siren, and move through the
intersection
d. Come to a brief stop at the light, look for motorists and pedestrians before
proceeding, and move forward when it is safe - answer d

Which of the following is an example of a standing order?

a. Splinting a patient against his or her wishes
b. Providing oxygen to any patient with chest pain
c. Ignoring local protocols and assisting in the administration of a metered-dose
inhaler without medical direction
d. Contacting medical direction for a request to assist int eh administration of
metered-dose inhaler - answer b

Which of the following is NOT part of the minimum information collected by dispatch
for an emergency request?
a. Any potential hazards
b. The nature of the call
c. The age of each patient
d. An estimation of severity of patient conditions - answer c

A critical trauma patient is to be transported from the scene by an air ambulance.

When operating within a landing zone, which of the following is appropriate?
a. Do not smoke within 25ft of the aircraft
b. Approach the aircraft from the side, as all loading doors are on the side
c. Approach the aircraft as soon as the loading doors are open
d. Ensure all equipment is secured to a stretcher or backboard - answer d

Which of the following is the OPPOSITE of urinary incontinence?

a. Kyphosis
b. Cystitis
c. Renal Calcul
d. Urinary Retention - answer d

is the involuntary leakage of urine

a. Urinary Retention
b. Cystitis Failure
c. Urinary incontinence
d. Renal Failure - answer c
Regarding the insertion of an oropharyngeal airway into a child, which of the
following is true?
a. After the airway is inserted, immediately resume assisted ventilations
b. Airways should be given one size smaller than measured by placing the 昀氀 ange at the
level of the central incisor and the bite block at the segment parallel to the hard
palate
c. Airways should be given one size larger than measures on length-based resuscitation
tape
d. Rough insertion can cause bleeding - answer d

An adult patient has a history of type 2 diabetes and complains of dark urine and
generalized weakness for the last few days. Her respirations are 18 breaths per
minute with an oxygen saturation of 92%. Her pulse is 126 beats per minute and blood
pressure is 100/70 mmHg.
昀氀
After applying high- ow oxygen therapy, her blood glucose is assessed and reveals
650 mg/dL. If the patient does not receive medical intervention, which of the following
is most likely to occur?
a. Alkalosis
b. Chronic renal failure
c. Diabetic ketoacidosis
d. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrom - answer d

Which of the following is the most likely to occur in a fetus when a woman has
hypertension during pregnancy?
a. Celebral calci 昀椀cations
b. Growth restriction
c. Renal Malformation
d. Elevated platelet count - answer b

A 30-year-old woman who developed preeclampsia during her 昀椀

rst pregnancy is at
increased risk for developing preeclampsia during her present pregnancy.
a. True
b. False - answer a

Which of the following is typical of angina pectoris?

a. Does not respond to nitroglycerin
b. Often subsides with rest
c. Lasts 10-30 seconds
d. Does not present following stress - answer b

What is NOT a reason that an AED may indicate that there is 'no shock advised?
a. Remove the pillow
b. Insert the OPA
c. Open the airway using the head tilt chin lift management
d. Administer oxygen, 12-15 L per min - answer a

A pregnant patient is presenting with painless, bright red vaginal bleeding and a soft
lower abdomen. You suspect....
a. Ectopic Pregnancy
b. Spontaneous abortion
c. Placental abruption
d. Placenta previa - answer d

Based on the MOI alone, which of the following patients would be considered the
most critical?
a. 59 y/o male who fell 3ft from the ladder onto concrete
b. 27 y/o male who was rear-ended
c. 43 y/o female whose car has rolled over
d. 23 y/o female who is conscious and walking around after being ejected - answer d
What is the di 昀昀erence between Aphasia and Dysarthria?
a. weakness in muscles used for speech. A: can't comprehend speech
b. Di昀케 culty swallowing. D: in昀氀ammation of one or more joints
c. No di昀昀erence at, they are synonyms
d. One is a stroke like symptom and the other is of a tumor - answer a

How long should you assess the pulse in a patient with extreme hypothermia who
appears to be in cardiac arrest?
a. No longer than 10 secs
b. 60 secs
c. 20-25 secs
d. 30-45 secs - answer d

What is NOT a reason that an AED may indicate that there is 'no shock advised?
a. If the patient has a normal pulse
b. The patient is in V-Fib or pulseless V-Tach
c. No electrical activity (is in asystole)
d. The patient has an organized electrical activity in the heart but no pulse - answer b

The implantation of a growing fetus where it does not belong is called what?
昀氀ammatory Disease
a. Pelvic In
b. Miscarriage
c. Ectopic Pregnancy
d. Eclampsia - answer c

If a woman that you are treating is a G3P1, what does that mean?
a. She has been pregnant three times and has had one miscarriage
b. She has been pregnant once and gave birth to viable triplets
c. She has been pregnant once and has had three miscarriages
d. She has been pregnant three times and has given birth to one viable child - answer d

The bulging of the fetal head past the opening of the vagina during a contraction is
called what?
a. Crowning
b. Preclampsia
昀昀
c. E acement
d. Breech Birth - answer a

Cellular respiration and cellular metabolism are best described as:

a. The exchange of respiratory gases between the systemic capillaries and the
surrounding tissue beds
b. The use of oxygen and carbohydrates to produce energy and the creation of carbon
dioxide and water by-products
c. The exchange of respiratory gases between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillary
bed
d. The use of oxygen to create hemoglobin in the blood stream - answer b

All of the following are contraindications of oral glucose except:

a. Hypoglycemia
b. Nausea
c. Vomiting
d. Decreased level of consciousness - answer a

Upon making patient contact, you notice a large quantity of prescription bottles on the
nightstand next to their bed. Which of the letters in the SAMPLE mnemonic is related to
the observation?
a. A
b. M
c. L
d. E - answer b

You arrive on scene with your partner Levi to transport a patient that has been throwing
昀昀
up blood that looked like co ee grounds. This sign would lead you to believe that this
patient has?
a. Esophageal varices
b. GI bleed
c. Pancytopenia
d. Hemophagocytic syndrome - answer b

A 73 year old female was in her backyard gardening when she collapsed to the
ground. Her husband told 911 that "she is breathing very fast and will not talk to me."
You arrive to 昀椀nd the woman lying on her side in the grass. She is breathing at 7
breaths per minute and her pulse is irregular and very thready. Her lungs also present
with crackles upon auscultation As you are taking a blood pressure (88/66) the
husband tells you that the woman has been having jaw pain and some weakness for
approximately 3 days. What is the most likely cause of this woman's condition and
how would you treat her?
a. Hypoperfusion, High 昀氀ow oxygen, and transport in Fowler's position
b. Cardiac arrest, treat for shock, and rapid transport
c. Cardiogenic shock, assist ventilations, and transport
d. Septic shock, transport in a position of comfort with high 昀氀ow oxygen via non-
rebreather mask - answer c

Which space in the body will you 昀椀nd the pancreas?

a. Subriatal space
b. Retroperitoneal space
c. Pericardial space
d. Peritoneal space - answer b
Which list includes only the "Five Rights" of medication administration?
a. Patient, medication, indication, dose, and time
b. Medication, dose, time, route, and documentation
c. Patient, medication, dose, route, and time
d. Medication, dose, generic name, route, and documentation - answer c

What would you look for in an assessment of an emergency related to the nervous
system?
a. Symmetry of response
b. Level of activity
c. Cardiogenic
d. Scene size up - answer a

Meningitis is:
a. An infection of the zygote
b. Always contagious and proper PPE should be utilized
c. A degenerative disease of the feet
d. An in 昀氀ammation of a membrane most often caused by viruses or bacteria - answer d
A train derailment has caused two tanker cars to explode and several others to begin
昀昀
leaking an unknown gas. The size of the a ected area is large and crosses several
county lines.
昀椀
According to NIMS, this type of MCI would bene t most from a:
a. Multiple command system
b. Uni 昀椀ed command system
c. Singular command system
d. Coordinated command system - answer b
An ambulance unit or 昀椀re department that makes an uncoordinated, independent
decision during an incident is said to be:
a. Soloing
b. Spear Heading
c. Bird Dogging
d. Freelancing - answer d

You have requested helicopter transportation of a critical burn patient. The remote
nature of the accident will force the helicopter to land on an incline. From which
direction should you approach the helicopter?
a. The back
b. The front
c. Uphill side
d. Downhill side - answer d

You are the 昀椀

rst EMS unit on scene of a multiple casualty incident. A crane has fallen
from a building roof top and ripped through an adjacent building. What should you do
according to the ICS?
a. Notify dispatch of the need for an Incident Commander and begin triaging patients
b. Inform IC of your location and begin triaging patients if the scene is safe
c. Stay a safe distance from the incident and do what the Incident Commander tells you
to do
d. Take incident command until relieved or reassigned - answer x

It's 7:30 a.m. and you arrive on scene of a two car collision involving at least 6
patients on a foggy corner of a fairly busy country road. The 昀椀
re department is not
there yet and there is smoke and 昀氀 ames showing from both cars. You can hear
people crying and cars are already driving around the wreckage to get past the scene.
What steps should you take?
a. Begin extraction of the patients while your partner calls for more ambulances
b. Get the昀椀 re department en route, establish a safety zone and assist in keeping tra 昀케 c
a safe distance away
c. Triage the most critically injured 昀椀rst and then extricate them in order of severity
d. Inform the patients that you are not allowed by law to enter the zone until it is made
safe by law enforcement - answer b

Communication on the radio is a very important part of the EMS system, and messages
should be:
a. Encoded so anybody not int he system, who is listening, will not know what you are
talking about
b. Short, and to the point, using words like, 'yes' and 'no'
c. In plain English
d. Transmitted as rapidly as possible to keep the airway open - answer c

What authority has jurisdiction over radio transmissions made during a call?
a. PTA
b. FCC
c. NRA
d. FCT - answer b

One pupil dilated and the other constricted would suggest what type of injury?
a. Cervical
b. Cerebral
c. Crovasic
d. Cellular - answer b

You have just arrived on scene of a single vehicle accident involving a truck that has
昀昀
slid o the road and rolled. Your patient was driving about 40 MPH when he hit an icy
spot and went o 昀昀 the road rolling the vehicle one time. After completing your scene
size up, which of the following treatment choices would be the most appropriate?
a. Check baseline vitals, do a focused exam on the patient's chief complaint
b. Perform a detailed physical examination to uncover any life threatening injuries
c. Get a SAMPLE history and do a focused physical examination
d. Perform a rapid trauma assessment - answer d

Why does Nitroglycerin lower the blood pressure?

a. Because it reduces the workload on the veins
b. Because it dilates the vessels reducing the preload on the heart
c. Because the veins are constricted reducing workload on the heart
d. It doesnt, it raises it - answer b

You are called to a home where a 91 year old man has had a syncopal episode and is
vomiting. The caregiver who called 911 stated that the patient's bowel movements have
been bright red since yesterday. The patient has not complained of any pain, but is
nauseated. What is most likely wrong with this man and which choice includes
appropriate treatment steps?
a. He has an upper GI bleed and should be transported sitting up with high 昀氀ow
oxygen administered via a NRB at 15L/min
b. He has pancreatitis and should be given high 昀氀ow O2 via NRB at 15 L/min. Rapid
transport in a left lateral recumbent position while keeping him warm will help avoid
shock
c. He has had a TIA and should be given high 昀氀ow O2 via NRB and transported on his e昀
昀 ected side to the nearest hospital
d. He has a lower GI bleed and should be given O2 via Nasal Cannula at
4L/min and transported in a position of comfort while treating for shock -
answer d

Which of the following is usually the most dangerous?

a. Venous Bleed
b. Capillary Bleed
c. Arterial Bleed
d. Dark red bleeding - answer c
If a patient was feeling nauseated this would likely be a response. If a person
was tachycardic it would likely be a response.
a. Sympathetic / Parasympathetic
b. Parasympathetic / Sympathetic
c. Parasympathetic / Simplistic
d. Fight or 昀氀ight / peripheral nervous - answer b
Cells that die during a stroke are called?
a. Dead cells
b. Refracted Cells
c. Infracted cells
d. Eschrum cells - answer c

With regard to blood pressure, which of the following statements is true?

a. Blood pressure is the force exerted on the heart as the right ventricle contracts
b. Blood pressure is equal to cardiac output divided by peripheral vascular resistance
c. Blood pressure has a direct a 昀昀ect on the perfusion of the body's tissues
d. Blood pressure is the single most important sign during the initial assessment -
answer c

What is the de 昀椀nition of hypoglycemia?

a. The production of antibodies to pancreatic beta cells
b. A condition in which insulin resistance develops
c. An abnormally low blood glucose level
d. An abnormally high blood glucose level - answer c

An unresponsive diabetic patient has deep respirations at a rate of 32 breaths per

minute. Blood glucometry determines a blood glucose level of 464 mg/dL. Which
of the following statements regarding the patient's ventilatory status is true?
a. The patient is hyperventilating, likely due to metabolic acidosis
b. The patient is hyperventilating, likely due to metabolic alkalosis
c. The patient is hyperventilating to increase carbon dioxide levels in the blood
d. The patient is hyperventilating to reduce the blood glucose level - answer a

An adult patient reports that he is on a newly prescribed opioid pain medication that he
feels may be causing his complaints. Which of the following is not a feature of opioid
use/overdose?
a. Bradypnea
b. Hypertension
c. Cyanosis
d. Sedation - answer b

A 35-year-old has been recently diagnosed with diabetes. Bystanders state that her
blood sugar was 60 mg/dL approximately ten minutes ago. The patient complains
of lightheadedness but denies alternate symptoms. Which of the following is the
most appropriate next step?
a. Administer Oxygen
b. Administer oral glucose
c. Do nothing; the blood glucose level is appropriate
d. Continue to monitor the blood glucose value - answer b

Which of the following is not a method of gauging a patient's responsiveness to

painful stimuli?
a. Press on the bone above the eye
b. Gently but 昀椀rmly pinch the patient's ear love
c. Gently but 昀椀rmly pinch the muscles of the neck
d. Slap the patient's cheek - answer d
How many bones are in each foot?
a. 34
b. 32
c. 26
d. 20 - answer c

Which of the following signs or symptoms can be expected from the early adverse e 昀昀
ects of hypothermia?
a. Decreased mucus production
b. Confusion
c. Peripheral edema
d. Blood-tinged sputum - answer b

Which of the following is not commonly seen in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus?
a. Polypharmacy
b. Polydipsia
c. Polyphasic
d. Polyuria - answer a

Which of the following behaviors is suggestive of a patient who is suspected of

experiencing hypothermia?
a. Complaints of a headache
b. Lethargy
c. Extreme thirst
d. Rapid, 昀氀uent speaking - answer b
What does amniotic 昀氀uid with a greenish color indicate?
a. Infectious disease
b. Spontaneous abortion
c. Excessive uterine bleeding
d. Presence of meconium - answer d

While assisting a full-term pregnant female in delivering her baby, what may be required
to deliver the lower (second) shoulder?
a. Guide the head up slightly
b. Apply gentle downward traction to the head
c. Apply resistance to the head
d. Massage the uterus - answer a

When is it appropriate to cut the umbilical cord after assisting a new mother to deliver
her baby?
a. Immediately after the baby is delivered
b. After the cord stops pulsating
c. Prior to the baby's delivery
d. Immediately after the placenta is delivered - answer b

When is it appropriate to cut the umbilical cord after assisting a new mother to deliver
her baby?
a. Suction the infant's mouth and nose to clear secretions
b. Clamp the cord about two inches apart and cut between the clamps
c. Place the mother on her side and transport rapidly
d. Deliver the infant with the cord wrapped around its neck - answer b

An elderly male is pulseless, apnoeic, and exhibiting dependent lividity. Which of the
following best describes dependent lividity?
a. Decomposition of body tissue
b. A blueing of the skin
c. A sti 昀昀ening of the body muscles
d. A discoloration of the skin at the lowest point of the body - answer d

A 昀椀ve-year-old is unconscious, and breathing inadequately. When inserting an

oropharyngeal airway, which of the following is true?
a. Oropharyngeal airways should be used in patients who have ingested caustic
products, in order to induce vomiting of the substance and ease suctioning of
vomitus
b. Be sure to hyperextend the neck in children, in order to move the tongue out of the
way
c. The only way to measure an OPA is to use Broselow tape
d. If the airway is too large, it may obstruct the larynx - answer d

Which of the following is the correct placement of the V3 electrode when

performing an electrocardiogram?
a. Fourth intercostal space, left sternal border
b. Between V2 and V4
c. Fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line
d. Fourth intercostal space, space sternal border - answer b

How many kilograms are in a lbs?

a. .35
b. 12.4
c. 1.5
d. .45 - answer d

How to calculate tidal volume

a. Weight (kg) + 2.3 * Height (in)
b. Weight (kg) * (2.3*Height) (in)
c. Weight (kg) + 2.3 * Height (in)
d. Weight (kg) * (2.3*Height) (in) - answer a

How to calculate cardiac output?

a. HR * Stroke Volume
b. Tidal Volume * HR
c. Stroke Volume * Tidal Volume
d. HR + Stroke Volume - answer a

The average person ejects about amount of blood per contraction, the stroke
volume average
a. 65 mL
b. 80 mL
c. 70 mL
d. 60 mL - answer c

How to calculate minute volume?

a. Tidal Volume * RR
b. Tidal Volume + RR
c. Tidal Volume * HR
d. Tidal Volume + HR - answer a

What is a normal respiratory rate for an adult?

a. 25-30
b. 10-16
c. 12-20
d. 15-30 - answer c
What is a normal respiratory rate for a child?
a. 25-30
b. 10-16
c. 12-20
d. 15-30 - answer d

What is a normal respiratory rate for an infant?

a. 25-30
b. 10-16
c. 12-20
d. 15-30 - answer a

What is an insu 昀케 ciency in the supply of oxygen to the body's tissues?

a. Hypoglycemia
b. Hypoxia
c. Hypothermia
d. Hypoperfusion - answer b

What is NOT a major cause of hypoxia?

a. patient with emphysema
b. Patient overdose on depressants
c. Concussion
d. Heart attack - answer c

25 y/o female patient is cyanotic and her LOC is deteriorating upon arrival, what would
you describe, and document this as? How would you treat this cause?
a. Inadequate breathing, administer oxygen via NRB at 15 L/min
b. Hypoxia, administer oxygen via NRB at 15 L/min
c. Stroke, administer oxygen via NRB at 15 L/min
d. Seizure, administer oxygen via NRB at 15 L/min - answer b

Upon insertion of an oropharyngeal airway (OPA), the tip of the device should be
positioned in what anatomical space?
a. Oropharynx
b. Nasopharynx
c. Hyperpharynx
d. Laryngopharynx - answer d

昀椀
The administration of a beta2-speci c drug to a patient with respiratory distress is
昀昀
done to e ect a change to what portion of the respiratory tree?
a. Alveoli
b. Vocal cords
c. Bronchioles
d. Mainstem bronchi - answer c

Which of the following statements from the patient would BEST indicate severe di 昀케 culty
in breathing?
a. "I...can't...b-breathe"
b. "I feel like I'm breathing through a straw"
c. "I am struggling to catch my breath...real bad"
d. "I can't breathe regular 'cause my chest is hurting" - answer a

Which of the following patients is most likely about to lose total airway patency,
thereby requiring immediate intervention by the EMT?
a. A 98 y/o female with brain cancer who is confused
b. 52 y/o male who is intoxicated and has recurrent vomiting
c. 29 y/o female in active labor who is complaining of severe pain
d. 68 y/o male seizing with sonorous sounds heard with each breath - answer d

昀椀
Upon assessment of the patient's airway, you note signi cant gurgling with each breath.
What would be the next appropriate airway intervention the EMT should perform to
eliminate this 昀椀
nding?
a. Head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver
b. Modi 昀椀ed jaw-thrust maneuver
c. Oropharyngeal suctioning
d. Insertion of nasopharyngeal airway - answer c

You are managing a female patient who has been in an auto accident and is now
unresponsive. As you manage her airway, which of the following interventions
would you likely NOT employ?
a. Insertion of an OPA
b. Upper airway suctioning
c. Modi 昀椀ed jaw-thrust maneuver
d. Application of a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver - answer d

When sizing an OPA for insertion in a forty-eight-year-old male, which sizing technique
is most appropriate?
a. You should measure the OPA from the tip of the nose to the angle of the jaw
b. You should measure the OPA from the center of the teeth to the angle of the jaw
c. The OPA should 昀椀t between the corner of the mouth and angle of the jaw
d. The OPA should be large enough that the lips do not seal shut when it is properly
inserted - answer b
During your initial airway management, your patient needs suctioning for
PROLONGED vomiting. How long should you provide this oral suctioning?
a. For 5-10 seconds
b. No greater than 10 secs
c. Less than 25 secs initially
d. For as long as needed to remove vomitus - answer d

The mechanical process of respiration (i.e., ventilation) occurs in two phases. Which
phase sees a negative pressure inside the thorax to make the ventilation process
work?
a. Inhalation
b. Exhalation
c. Pause before inhalation
d. Pause before exhalation - answer a

A patient with severe asthma is having trouble breathing and adequately ventilating.
What portion of normal tidal volume is this patient most likely experiencing the
greatest disturbance in?
a. Base respiratory rate
b. Dead space ventilation
c. Alveolar space ventilation
d. Overall ventilation per minute - answer c

A patient with a change in his ventilation status secondary to a severe chest wall injury
昀椀
will likely display what speci c early昀椀 nding indicative of poor alveolar ventilation?
a. Altered mental status
b. Absent breath sounds in the bases of the lungs
c. Poor pulse oximetry and a change in the heart rate
d. Dropping systolic blood pressure and narrowing pulse pressure - answer b
A patient is found with a respiratory rate of 8 per minute, absent basal breath sounds, a
pulse ox reading of 83%, and cyanotic lips and 昀椀
ngernails. This patient is in immediate
need of what intervention?
a. Ventilation
b. Oxygenation
c. Airway suctioning
d. Semi-Fowler's positioning - answer a

Which of the following 昀椀ndings would still be present in a patient su昀昀ering from mild
respiratory distress?
a. Cyanotic nail beds
b. Full speech patterns
c. Altered mental status
d. Pulse oximeter reading of 85% - answer b

昀椀
You are managing a patient who was in a ght and was struck in the head with a large
昀椀
pipe. You nd the patient to be unresponsive, apneic, bradycardiac, bleeding from the
head, and bleeding into the airway from oral trauma. Assuming you had all your EMT
equipment available to you, what should be the initial action?
a. Suction the airway
b. Immobilize the patient
c. Provide positive pressure ventilation
d. Administer high- 昀氀ow oxygen at 15lpm - answer a
Which of the following clinical indications would 昀椀rst appear to indicate that the patient
is being adequately ventilated with a BVM?
a. The chest wall moves with each breath
b. The ventilations are at a rate of 12/min
c. The patient has breath sounds in all lung 昀椀elds
d. The vital signs and pulse oximeter readings start to normalize - answer c

If the EMT wishes to deliver the highest concentration of oxygen possible to the patient
with spontaneous breath- ing, what oxygenation adjunct should she use?
a. Venturi mask
b. Simple face mask
c. Nonrebreather mask
d. Partial nonrebreather mask - answer c

You are preparing to treat a patient with CPAP for respiratory distress. Upon
assessment, however, you observe the following 昀椀ndings. Which of these would
serve as a contraindication for the use of CPAP?
a. RR of 22
b. Pulse oximeter reading of 86%
c. HR of 112bpm and irregular
d. Systolic BP of 88mmHg - answer d

What respiratory disease that begins in childhood is characterized by the production of

thick mucus from the airways that may lead to respiratory distress?
a. Asthma
b. Emphysema
c. Cystic 昀椀brosis
d. Chronic bronchitis - answer d

昀昀
If a patient has su ered a myocardial infarction to the right ventricle, blood 昀氀ow to
what structure may become impaired initially?
a. Aorta
b. Lungs
c. Brain
d. Pulmonary veins - answer b

Of the following segments of the population, which is most likely to experience

atypical presentations of a myocardial infarction?
a. Asian males
b. Elderly females
c. Younger African Americans
d. American Indian descendants - answer b

EMTs are treating a patient suspected of experiencing a myocardial infarction. Her

initial vital signs are pulse 124, BP 158/100, respirations 22 and shallow, skin pale and
sweaty, oxygen saturation 92 percent. Of the following options, which one should the
EMT perform 昀椀
rst (assuming all could be done immediately)?
a. Apply oxygen
b. Administer nitro
c. Administer baby aspirin
d. Attache the AED and press "analyze" - answer a

Which of the following conditions is LEAST likely to be present in a patient su 昀昀ering

a myocardial infarction?
a. Headache
b. Diaphoresis
c. Tachycardia
d. Respiratory distress - answer a

Expedient transport of a patient experiencing an MI to the hospital is recommended so

the hospital can administer what kind of medication in the hopes of stopping the MI
progression?
a. Fibrinolytic
b. Beta2 - speci 昀椀c
c. Antidysrhythmic
d. Antihypertensive - answer a

A patient with an apparent cardiac complaint asks the EMTs why they are administering
nitro to him. What would be an appropriate response?
a. "Nitro makes it easier to breath"
b. "Nitro makes the BP drop"
c. "Nitro increases blood 昀氀ow to your heart muscle"
d. "Nitro causes the heart to beat harder and raise BP" - answer c

A patient with a history of congestive heart failure is likely to have what other
emergency when she deteriorates?
a. Pulmonary edema
b. Hypertensive crisis
c. Cerebral vascular accident
d. Severe headache with visual disturbances - answer a

What is the most common reason an AED may shock a patient inappropriately?
a. Human failure in proper use
b. Inappropriate sensing of electrodes on the chest
c. Inability of the machine to charge quick enough to de 昀椀brillate a shockable rhythm
d. Failure of the AED processor to determine a shockable rhythm is wither present or
absent - answer a

You arrive on scene and 昀椀

nd a patient who is unresponsive with no palpable pulse and
no breathing. Bystanders state the patient has been in this condition for about 7 or 8
minutes. Assuming you and your partner have resuscitation equipment immediately
available, what should you do 昀椀
rst?
a. Administer oxygen
b. Initiate compressions
c. Provide two positive pressure ventilations
d. Call medical direction to pronounce the patient - answer b

You are assessing a patient who fell from a tree. The patient is conscious and
complains primarily of pain to his right arm, although he admits to having dyspnea as
well. You note he has an open fracture of the right humerus with moderate bleeding
controlled with pressure. He also has diminished breath sounds to the right thorax, a
pulse oximeter reading of 92 percent on ambient air, and a narrowing pulse pressure.
Of the above 昀椀 ndings, which is so severe that it would categorize the patient as a
"high priority"?
a. Pain to the right leg
b. Open humerus fracture
c. Narrowing pulse pressure
d. Diminished breath sounds - answer d

A patient has injured the index 昀椀

nger of her left hand while trying to drive a nail with a
hammer, accidentally hitting her 昀椀
nger instead. Other than the soft-tissue trauma and
skeletal deformity, no other signs of trauma are present. How should the secondary
assessment pro- ceed on this patient?
a. Focus on the only injury site
b. Complete a full head-to-toe assessment
c. There is no need to perform a secondary assessment
d. Assess both arms and hands but no the torso or lower extremities - answer a

While orienting a new EMT hire to your EMS system, you quiz him over general
昀椀
knowledge and ask him to de ne what the mnemonic "DCAP-BTLS" stands for. Which
of the new EMTs' answers below is incorrect?
a. Painful
b. Swelling
c. Contusions
d. Lacerations - answer a

You are managing an elderly patient who has sustained a deep laceration to the leg
with bleeding. The patient has the following vitals: blood pressure is 80/56, heart rate is
98/min, respirations are 22/min, and the skin is cool and clammy. Which of the above 昀椀
ndings BEST represents an advanced or decompensated shock state?
a. HR
b. Skin 昀椀ndings
c. BP
d. RR - answer c

Of the following types of soft-tissue trauma, which one could present as either an open
soft- tissue injury or a closed soft-tissue injury?
a. Contusion
b. Crush injury
c. Arterial laceration
d. Super 昀椀cial abrasions - answer b
You are treating a patient who has sustained a high- pressure injection injury to the
hand while at his construction job. Prior to transport, you have immobilized the hand. As
the EMT, what additional intervention should you pro- vide en route?
a. Apply heat
b. Apply cold
c. Elevate the limb above the heart
d. Lower the lim below the heart - answer c

Which of the following interventions should be provided to a patient su 昀昀ering from

an abdominal evisceration with bowel protruding?
a. Treat for shock
b. Extremity immobilization
c. Full spinal immobilization
d. Transport the patient with lights and sirens - answer a

A child was running when she fell, and the stick she was carrying went through her
cheek, becoming impaled in her hard palate. Which of the following describes the
BEST means of transport?
a. Sit her up and encourage her to spit out any blood
b. Put her on her side and let any blood drain out
c. Position her supine and suction her airway aggressively
d. Lay her facedown on the stretcher with a NPA in place - answer a

32 y/o male patient has sustained a burn to his entire left arm, the front of his chest
and abdomen, and half of his right arm. What is the approximate percentage of his
burned skin?
a. 18%
b. 30%
c. 32%
d. 36% - answer c

32 y/o construction worker was hit in the chest by a brick and now has paradoxical
respirations over the lateral lower and middle ribs on the right. In addition to ventilating
the patient with a bag-valve-mask device if necessary, which of the following is the
BEST approach to treating this injury?
a. Avoid applying anything to the ribs
b. Secure a heavy item such as a sandbag over the area
c. Secure a bulky item such as a multi trauma dressing to the injured area
d. Apply a circumferential bandage around the chest - answer a
Of the following chest injuries, which one would have the LEAST e 昀昀ect on the quality
of breath sounds heard with a stethoscope?
a. Hemothorax
b. Pneumothorax
c. Commotio cordis
d. Traumatic asphyxia - answer c

Which of the following adult patient's clinical conditions meets the physiologic
criteria for determining that the patient is a high priority?
a. GCS of 15
b. Systolic pressure of 86mmHg
c. Pupils are 2-3mm in diameter
d. The patient demonstrates weakness to one extremity - answer b

If a patient falls through the ice on a lake into the cold water, the patient will lose the
majority of her body heat through what mechanism?
a. Elimination
b. Respiration
c. Conduction
d. Evaporation - answer c

You are caring for a male patient who was found sitting in the stands at a baseball
game. The patient is disoriented, skin is warm to the touch, the pulse is strong and
bound- ing, sweating is absent, and the skin is reddened. Along with moving the
patient out of the sun, what other intervention should you perform as the EMT?
a. Attach the AED
b. Provide cool 昀氀uids by mouth
c. Initiate active external cooling
d. Allow the patient to drink an electrolyte solution - answer c
Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the components of the
secondary exam in a responsive patient with a medical emergency?
a. Baseline vital signs
b. Focused physical exam
c. History of the present illness
d. Determination of patient priority - answer d

Upon initial questioning, a patient complains of multiple things: chest pain, dyspnea,
and abdominal pain. What should be the next course of action for the EMT?
a. Ask the patient which thing bothered him 昀椀rst
b. Ask the patient which thing is bothering him the most
c. Treat the patient as if he has three chief complaints
d. Assume that the chest pain is the chief complaint due to its potential severity -
answer b

A patient with an injury or dysfunction to what region of the brain may have problems
staying awake or paying attention?
a. Cerebellum
b. Hypothalamus
c. Foramen magnum
d. Reticular activating system - answer d

A diabetic patient takes her insulin medication regularly and watches what she eats.
However, one day she is not feel- ing well, and she vomits a few times after breakfast.
What medical emergency related to diabetes could this cause?
a. Hypertension
b. Hypotension
c. Hypoglycemia
d. Hyperglycemia - answer c
Within the body of the diabetic patient, what organ is most sensitive to lowered
levels of glucose?
a. Liver
b. Brain
c. Heart
d. Pancreas - answer b

You are caring for a diabetic patient with low blood sugar. The patient is unresponsive
with sonorous airway sounds. He has a rapid pulse, and peripheral perfusion is intact.
Which of the following interventions is of utmost concern for this patient?
a. Manual airway technique
b. Suctioning out the airway
c. Providing high- 昀氀ow oxygen
d. Administration of oral glucose - answer a

A patient with what type of seizure is most likely to present as unresponsive?

a. Partial
b. Generalized
c. Focal motor
d. Jacksonian seizures - answer b

You are caring for a patient who is experiencing a generalized seizure. During the tonic-
clonic phase, which of the following management strategies should you employ?
a. Apply high- 昀氀ow oxygen via NRB mask, and position the patient supine
b. Loose restrictive clothing an protect the patient from injury
c. Apply oral glucose and place the patient in the recovery position
d. Restrain the patient physically to avoid harm and transport immediately - answer b
You are assessing a patient who has confusion, has di 昀케
culty in speaking, and is unable
to get out of bed due to left-sided weakness. The symptoms, the family states,
occurred very suddenly. The blood pressure is 210/130, the pulse is 98, and
respirations are 18. As an EMT, what should be your most likely 昀椀
eld impression for
the patient's condition?
a. Stroke
b. Seizure
c. Hyperglycemia
d. Hypoperfusion - answer a

A patient who has recurrent episodes of unilateral weak- ness, headaches, vision
disturbances, or confusion that resolves on its own in a short period of time is likely
experiencing what emergency?
a. MI
b. CVA
c. HTN
d. TIA - answer d

You are working with a new EMT on your squad. After a call for an MI patient who
became unresponsive, the EMT asks you how a heart attack could cause such a
thing. Which of the following most correctly answers this question?
a. "Increased blood 昀氀ow due to tachycardia"
b. "A drop in blood 昀氀ow to the brain from a failing heart"
c. "The heart is extracting too much oxygen fro the bloodstream, leaving an insu 昀케
cient amount for the brain to use"
d. "The patient's lungs were failing due to the drop in left ventricle contraction" - answer
b

You are assessing a known seizure patient who "passed out" according to bystanders.
During your assessment, which clinical clue would help you identify that the patient
had a syncopal episode rather than a seizure?
a. The patient bit his tongue
b. The patient was conscious upon your arrival
c. The patient "woke up" seconds after going supine
d. The patient took his anti-seizure medications today - answer c

You have a patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction. Which chemical mediator

function is responsible for the edema to the airway that can rapidly cause the
patient's death?
a. Dilation of blood vessels
b. Capillaries start to seep 昀氀uid
c. Bronchoconstriction to the lungs
d. Production of thick mucus in the airways - answer b

You have a male patient who was stung by a bee 5 minutes ago. Of the various signs
and symptoms consistent with an allergic reaction, which one would be the most
suggestive of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)?
a. Tachycardia
b. Rapid onset
c. Bilateral wheezing
d. Stridorous breathing - answer d

Following the management of a patient with an acute allergic reaction, you have
administered epinephrine, given oxygen, and placed him in a position of comfort.
Which of the following 昀椀
ndings is most consistent with marked patient
improvement?
a. BP increased 10mmHg
b. Bilateral wheezing has diminished greatly
c. Patient is now able to speak in full sentences
d. HR decreased from 132 to 108bpm - answer c
You are caring for a male patient who is complaining of severe global abdominal pain.
The abdomen is also rigid to the touch. The patient has a history of blunt abdominal
trauma from 5 days earlier during a sporting event that he did not seek medical
treatment for. What condition is this presentation most consistent with?
a. Peritonitis
b. Pancreatitis
c. Appendicitis
d. Gastroenteritis - answer a

During the management of a patient known to have sickle cell anemia, the patient is
complaining of shortness of breath. This could be due to what change in her red blood
cells?
a. Inability to carry oxygen
b. Inability for the heart to pump the sickle-shaped cells
c. Inability for the lungs to take in oxygen and produce carbon dioxide
d. Inability of the red blood cells to use oxygen for energy production - answer a

昀昀
While assisting another ambulance with o -loading a patient at the hospital who is
immobilized on a backboard, the EMT states that they can't maintain the blood
pressure in this 30 y/o, near-term, pregnant female. As you quickly scan the patient,
what would alert you to a cause for the hypotension?
a. Patient is immobilized supine
b. Patient is on only low- 昀氀ow O2
c. Patient has a traction splint applied to the left leg
d. Patient has backboard straps across the body tightly - answer a

You are assessing a patient who is on a home ventilator secondary to a traumatic brain
injury years earlier. The family is afraid the ventilator is failing. What is the best
assessment parameter to let the EMT know that the ventilator is still working properly?
a. Patient has no cyanosis
b. HR is >100bpm
c. Patient's pulse ox ready is <95%
d. Patient still has bilateral breath sounds - answer d

What agency has established national EMS system standards as well as an

assessment program to achieve these recommended standards?
a. NHTSA
b. NREMT
c. NAEMT
d. NAEMSE - answer a

昀椀
Which of the following national certi cation levels is designed for the 昀椀rst person likely
to be on the scene of an accident or illness?
a. Advanced Emergency Medical Technician
b. Emergency Medical Responder
c. Emergency Medical Technician
d. Paramedic - answer b

You are going to help in the self-administration of an MDI in a patient with COPD who
has a prescribed inhaler. If the EMT provides this care without 昀椀 rst contacting medical
direction, what kind of protocols is he employing?
a. On-line medical direction
b. O 昀昀-line medical direction
c. Patient-directed medical care
d. Evidence-based medical direction - answer b

During an MCI where there are multiple people injured due to a large industrial
building collapse, what type of communication technology may become easily over-
whelmed by the sudden usage?
a. Repeaters
b. Mobile phone
c. Mobile radios
d. Base stations - answer b

昀氀
You are at the scene of an MVA where a patient is going to be own to the hospital due
昀椀
to her injuries. You are serving as the landing zone coordinator for your re
department. As you set up the landing zone, what is the minimum recommended size?
a. 50' by 50'
b. 100' by 100'
c. 150' by 150'
d. 200' by 200' - answer b

What would be the recommended training level for EMS responders as it relates to
responding to hazardous material incidents?
a. First Responder Awareness
b. First Responder Operations
c. Hazardous Material Specialist
d. Hazardous Material Technician - answer a

You and your partner are attending an in-house continuing education session on
terrorism. The presenter has used the term "CBRNE" multiple times but hasn't
explained it [Link] partner leans over and asks you what the B stands for.
What would be your response?
a. Burns
b. Bombs
c. Biological
d. Bionuclear - answer c
A patient is exposed to a chemical that overstimulates the parasympathetic nervous
system. Which of the following signs is likely to be present?
a. Bradycardia
b. Tachycardia
c. Cool, clammy skin
d. Bronchodilation - answer a

Which of the following is the approximate timeframe conception to delivery in a

normal gestation
a. 40 weeks
b. 46 weeks
c. 30 weeks
d. 36 weeks - answer a

In which scenario is activated charcoal MOST appropriate

a. 5 y/o child who has ingested an acid
b. 25 y/o female who was bitten by an unknown insect
c. 2 y/o child who has ingested blood pressure medication
d. 36 y/o female who has inhaled carbon monoxide gas - answer c

Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to injectable epinephrine use in a

life- saving allergic situation?
a. Pregnancy, when maternal SBP > 130mmHg
b. There are no contraindications
c. Angle-closure glaucoma
d. Hypertension - answer b

Which of the following is the cause of supine hypotensive syndrome

a. Compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus
b. Compression of the vagus nerve by the uterus
c. Fetal hypertension
d. Placenta previa - answer a

What does DCAP-BTLS stand for?

a. Deformities, concussions, abrasions, pain, burns, tenderness, lacerations, and
swelling
b. Deformities, contusions, accidents, pain, burns, tenderness, lacerations, and swelling
c. Deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures/penetrations, burns, tenderness,
lacerations, and swelling
d. Deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures/penetrations, tachycardia,
lacerations, and shock - answer c

A full-term pregnant patient is in active labor. As the baby's head delivers, the umbilical
cord is observed to be around the baby's neck. Which of the following is the MOST
appropriate next step?
a. Pull on the chord to loosen it up before attempting further intervention
b. Clamp and cut the cord
c. Try to slip the cord over the baby's head
d. Gently push the head back into the vagina - answer c

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the pathophysiology of

abruptio placentae
a. Abruptio placentae is the development of the placenta over and covering the
vaginal opening
b. Abruptio placentae may result in shock
c. Pain is commonly mild or absent
d. Abruptio placentae is the result of the uterus compressing the inferior vena cava -
answer b
What is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterus?
a. Preeclampsia
b. Eclampsia
c. Abruptio Placentae
d. Placenta Breech - answer c

A pregnant woman is about to give birth but her uterus is contracting and rising, the
umbilical cord suddenly lengthens. Her BP is 130/70, and her HR is 100bpm, a gush of
blood become to come out, what do you assume is happening?
a. Preeclampsia
b. Eclampsia
c. Abruptio Placentae
d. Placenta Breech - answer c

What is the average length of the 昀椀rst stage of labor in a primigravida patient?
a. 10 hours
b. 6 hours
c. 20 hours
d. 16 hours - answer d

What is a severe complication of pregnancy that produces seizures and coma?

a. Preeclampsia
b. Eclampsia
c. Abruptio Placentae
d. Placenta Previa - answer b

What is a complication of pregnancy in which the woman retains large amounts of uid 昀氀
and has hypertension. She may also experience seizures and/or coma during birth?
a. Preeclampsia
b. Eclampsia
c. Abruptio Placentae
d. Afterbirth - answer a

What is BEST described as a spontaneous miscarriage or induced termination of

pregnancy?
a. Abortion
b. Miscarriage
c. Induced abortion
d. Spontaneous abortion - answer a

What is the uncommon description of a fetus and placenta deliver before the 28th
week of pregnancy?
a. Abortion
b. Miscarriage
c. Induced abortion
d. Spontaneous abortion - answer d

What is BEST described as an expulsion of a fetus as a result of deliberate actions

taken to stop the pregnancy
a. Abortion
b. Miscarriage
c. Induced abortion
d. Spontaneous abortion - answer c

28 y/o female who is 15 weeks pregnant complains of abdominal pain, and severe
bleeding. What would you assume is happening?
a. Abortion
b. Miscarriage
c. Induced abortion
d. Spontaneous abortion - answer b

How much higher is pregnant patient who has been in a traumatic accidents heart
rate compared to a non-pregnant patient?
a. 5-10
b. 10-15
c. 15-20
d. There is no di 昀昀erence - answer b
How much blood loss can a pregnant woman endure after a traumatic accident
before otherwise healthy pregnant females exhibit signs and symptoms?
a. 20-25%
b. 25-30%
c. 30-35%
d. 35-40% - answer c

You should only withhold resuscitative e 昀昀orts from a baby when they are .
a. Stillborn
b. Cyanotic
c. Pulmonary arrest
d. Cardiac arrest - answer a

Unresponsive 32 y/o female patient who is 18 weeks pregnant who went into cardiac
arrest. What should be done during CPR?
a. Displace the uterus manually
b. 30 compressions on the chest 2inches deep until AED arrives
c. Attach AED
d. Give two rescue breaths - answer a

How do you displace the uterus manually, if you have all resources and personnel to do
so, when giving an unresponsive and pulseless pregnant woman CPR?
a. Place two hands on the side of their abdomen, pulling it towards the patients left side
b. Place the patient in a supine position to stabilize c-spine
c. Place two hands on the side of their abdomen, pulling it towards the patients right
side
d. Tilt the patient onto a backboard to a left lateral angle of 27-30 degrees - answer a

If you are low on resources and personnel to displace the uterus manually when
giving an unresponsive and pulseless pregnant woman CPR. How would you do
that?
a. Place two hands on the side of their abdomen, pulling it towards the patients left side
b. Place the patient in a supine position to stabilize c-spine
c. Place two hands on the side of their abdomen, pulling it towards the patients right
side
d. Tilt the patient onto a backboard to a left lateral angle of 27-30 degrees - answer d

Once the child is born, what is BEST described as the placenta, membranes of the
amniotic sac, part of the umbilical cord, and some tissues from the lining of the
uterus that are delivered?
a. Preeclampsia
b. Eclampsia
c. Abruptio Placentae
d. Afterbirth - answer d

When the baby is crowning, and head forwards what is the medical term for that?
a. Breech Presentation
b. Cephalic Presentation
c. Limb Presentation
d. Mons Pubis - answer b

What's the soft tissue that covers the are where hair grows when a woman reaches
puberty
a. Meconium staining
b. Mons Pubis
c. Uterus
d. Vagina - answer b

What is the condition in which the placenta is formed in an abnormal location, usually
low in the uterus and close to or over the cervical opening, that will not allow for
normal delivery of the fetus?
a. Preeclampsia
b. Placenta Previa
c. Abruptio Placentae
d. Eclampsia - answer b

18 y/o female complaining of abdominal pain in the lower right quadrant, she has a BP
of 120/80 mmHg, a pulse rate of 80bpm and respiratory rate of 20 breaths/min. When
gathering SAMPLE she claims that she is sexually active, what do you assume is the
cause?
a. Appendicitis
b. Ectopic Pregnancy
c. GI Bleed
d. Pancreatitis - answer b

umbilical cord is when it presents 昀椀rst and is squeezed between the vaginal
wall and baby's head.
a. Amniotic
b. Breeched
c. Prolapsed
d. Fetal - answer c

When arriving on the scene a 32 y/o female who's 27 weeks pregnant is lying in the
supine position claiming she's dizzy. Her BP is dropping and pulse begins to weaken.
This is due to what?
a. Supine hypotensive syndrome
b. Ectopic Pregnancy
c. Supine hypertensive syndrome
d. Eclampsia - answer a

When arriving on the scene a 32 y/o female who's 27 weeks pregnant is lying in the
supine position claiming she's dizzy. Her BP is dropping and pulse begins to weaken.
What is causing her supine hypotensive syndrome?
昀氀
a. The weight of the uterus, infant, placenta, and amniotic uid are compressing the
inferior vena cava, reducing return of blood to the heart and cardiac output
b. The weight of her own body and carrying a child is too much to handle causing her
blood vessels to constrict cardiac output
c. She is having a a severe complication of pregnancy producing a seizure
d. The amniotic sac is leaking into other organs causing the baby distress
leading to complications with the mother - answer a

What is BEST described as the implantation of the fertilized egg is not in the bod of
the uterus, occurring in the fallopian tube, cervix, or abdominopelvic cavity?
a. Preeclampsia
b. Eclampsia
c. Ectopic Pregnancy
d. Miscarriage - answer c
What is BEST described when the one is feeling a sensation of the fetus moving from
the high in the abdomen to low in the birth canal
a. Lightening
b. Induced labor
c. Perineum
d. Movement - answer a

What is amniotic 昀氀uid that is greenish or brownish yellow rather than clear as a result of
fetal defecation?
a. Meconium staining
b. Amniotic 昀氀uid
c. Pericardium 昀氀uid
d. Mucus - answer a

What is an indication of meconium staining seen during the delivery of a baby?

a. Both maternal, and fetal distress
b. Only maternal distress
c. Normal delivery
d. Only fetal distress - answer a

What is the organ during pregnancy that exchanges oxygen, nutrients, and waste
occur between a mother and fetus
a. Placenta
b. Pancreas
c. Perineum
d. Kidneys - answer a
What are the soft spots on an infant's scalp formed by the joining of not-yet-fused
bones of the skull?
a. Parietali
b. Fontanelles
c. Sagittal
d. Metopic - answer b

is the pulling in of the skin and soft tissue between the ribs when breathing
a. Retraction
b. Traction
c. Inhalation
d. Exhalation - answer a

When an infant/child is showing signs of retraction and nasal 昀氀aring what does it
usually mean is happening to the infant/child?
a. Cardiac distress
b. Fetal distress
c. Respiratory distress
d. Mental distress - answer c

Infants and children are breathers?

a. Belly
b. Chest
c. Lungs
d. Abdomen - answer a

How old does one have to be to qualify as an Infant?

a. Birth to 1 year
b. 1-3 years
c. 3-5 years
d. 6-12 years - answer a

How old does one have to be to qualify as a Toddler?

a. Birth to 1 year
b. 1-3 years
c. 3-5 years
d. 6-12 years - answer b

How old does one have to be to qualify as a Preschooler?

a. 1-3 years
b. 3-5 years
c. 6-12 years
d. 13-18 years - answer b

How old does one have to be to qualify as a School Age?

a. 1-3 years
b. 3-5 years
c. 6-12 years
d. 13-18 years - answer c

How old does one have to be to qualify as an Adolescent?

a. 1-3 years
b. 3-5 years
c. 6-12 years
d. 13-18 years - answer d
About how much blood volume does a 9 lbs infant have?
a. Less than 12oz
b. 16oz
c. 50oz
d. 12oz - 18oz - answer a

About how much blood volume does a 60 lbs child have?

a. 1.5L
b. 2L
c. 3.5L
d. 4L - answer b

About how much blood volume does a 125 lbs Adult have?
a. 2L
b. 3L
c. 4L
d. 5L - answer c

What are the 3 elements of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT)?

a. Appearance, Circulation, and Breathing
b. Activity, Circulation, and Breathing
c. Appearance, Circumference, Bilateral Breathing
d. Appearance, Circulation, and Breeching - answer a

When a child's neck is it may cause their airway to become occluded.

a. Hypertensive
b. Hypotensive
c. Hyperextended
d. Hypoextended - answer c

A normal respiratory rate for an infant is?

a. 25 - 50
b. 25 - 35
c. 15 - 30
d. 12 -20 - answer a

A normal respiratory rate for an adolescent is?

a. 25 - 50
b. 25 - 35
c. 15 - 30
d. 12 -20 - answer d

A normal respiratory rate for a child is?

a. 25 - 50
b. 25 - 35
c. 15 - 30
d. 12 -20 - answer c

昀椀
When called to the scene of a child, during your physical examination you nd that they
have blood and/or clear 昀氀
uids coming from their nose and ears. What does this
possibly indicate during your initial assessment?
a. Obstruction of airway
b. Skull fracture
c. Respiratory distress
d. Common for children - answer b

What part of an infant is large for there body size?

a. Hands
b. Feet
c. Head
d. Arms - answer c

What organ is NOT located in the right upper quadrant?

a. Liver
b. Gallbladder
c. Spleen
d. Kidney - answer c

What organ is NOT located in the left upper quadrant?

a. Pancreas
b. Gallbladder
c. Spleen
d. Large intestine - answer b

What organ is NOT located in the right lower quadrant?

a. Ureters
b. Small intestine
c. Large intestine
d. Pancreas - answer d

What organ is NOT located in the left lower quadrant?

a. Large intestine
b. Small intestine
c. Kidneys
d. Appendix - answer d

A child has a foreign obstruction in their airway, what technique would you use to clear
the airway?
a. 5 back blows, and 5 chest thrusts
b. 5 abdominal thrusts, and 5 chest thrusts
c. Blind 昀椀nger sweep
d. 30 chest compressions - answer a

What is NOT a sign of shock in an infant or child?

a. Absence of tears
b. Increase in blood pressure
c. Delayed capillary re 昀椀ll, more than 2 seconds
d. Decreased urine output - answer b

If your pediatric patient will not accept/tolerate oxygen via a nonrebreather mask,
what would you do?
a. Leave the nonrebreather mask on
b. Blow-by technique
c. Bag-valve mask
d. Nasal cannula - answer b

What pediatric respiratory disease is caused by a group of viral illnesses and results in
昀氀
in ammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Tissues in the airway become swollen
and restrict the passage of air
a. Croup
b. Epiglottitis
c. Cystic Fibrosis
d. COPD - answer a

What pediatric respiratory disease is commonly caused by a bacterial infection that

produces swelling and a partial airway obstruction. Some common symptoms are high
fever, and stridor?
a. Croup
b. Epiglottitis
c. Cystic Fibrosis
d. COPD - answer b

What disease is a life-threatening infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord.
Usually caused by bacterial or viral infection and most commonly occurs between the
ages of 1mo to 5 years?
a. Meningitis
b. Fever
c. Seizures
d. Cerebellar Degeneration - answer a

What height/distance of a fall BEST described a high-risk MOI for patients under the
age of 15?
a. >10ft
b. >5ft
c. >1ft
d. > 2-3 times child's height - answer d

What is NOT a sign of child physical abuse?

a. Di 昀昀erent healing stages of bruising
b. Multiple fractures in various stages of healing
c. Partial obstructed airway
d. Wide welts caused - answer c

You may be called to help with a tracheostomy tube, your emergency care would include
the following EXCEPT:
a. Maintaining an open airway
b. Suctioning the tube as needed
c. Clotting-o 昀昀 of the tube
d. Transporting the patient - answer c

You may be called to help with home arti 昀椀cial ventilators your emergency care would
include the following EXCEPT:
a. Maintaining an open airway
b. Arti 昀椀cially ventilating with a pocket mask or BVM with oxygen
c. Dislodged tubes
d. Transporting the patient - answer c

You may be called to help with central intravenous line, possible/common

complications of the use of central lines include the following EXCEPT:
a. Bleeding
b. Clotting-o 昀昀 of the Line
c. Cracked Line
d. Obstruction - answer d

You may be called to help with central intravenous lines, your emergency care would
include the following EXCEPT:
a. Applying pressure if there is bleeding
b. Treat for potential shock
c. Calling ALS, central intravenous lines are out of your scope of practice
d. Transporting the patient - answer c

You may be called to help with tracheostomy tubes, possible/common complications

of the use of tracheostomy tubes include the following EXCEPT:
a. Obstruction
b. Dislodged tube
c. Infection
d. Jaundice - answer d

You may be called to help with a gastrostomy tubes, your emergency care would include
the following EXCEPT:
a. Ensuring an open airway
b. Transporting the patient
c. Applying pressure to bleeds
d. Being alert for change in mental status in diabetic patients - answer c

You may be called to help with a shunt, your emergency care would include the
following EXCEPT:
a. Maintaining an open airway
b. Being alert for a change in mental status
c. Ventilating with a BVM and oxygen
d. Transporting the patient - answer b

is a drainage device that runs from the brain to the abdomen or the atrium of the
heart to relieve excess cerebrospinal 昀氀
uid.
a. Tracheostomy tube
b. Gastrostomy tube
c. Central intravenous line
d. Shunt - answer d

is placed into a trachea to create an open airway, usually for prolonged time.
a. Tracheostomy tube
b. Central intravenous line
c. Gastrostomy tube
d. Shunt - answer a

is placed close to the heart and usually left for long-term use
a. Tracheostomy tube
b. Gastrostomy tube
c. Central intravenous line
d. Shunt - answer c

is placed through the abdominal wall directly into the stomach, usually
found in patients not able to be orally fed.
a. Tracheostomy tube
b. Gastrostomy tube
c. Central intravenous line
d. Shunt - answer b

How often do you reassess an unstable patient?

a. Every 2 minutes
b. Every 5 minutes
c. Every 10 minutes
d. Every 15 minutes - answer b

How often do you reassess a stable patient?

a. Every 2 minutes
b. Every 5 minutes
c. Every 10 minutes
d. Every 15 minutes - answer d

Which of the following conditions must be present for a person to su 昀昀er from an
eclamptic seizure
a. Pregnancy
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Kidney disease
d. Epilepsy - answer a

Electrical burns are di 昀昀erent than other burns in that?

a. Damage is always limited to the outside layers of skin
b. They heal quickly
c. Tissue damage is deeper and more severe than it appears
d. There is no injury from the heat associated with electrical burns - answer c

The primary goal of triage at a large scale incident is to?

a. Thoroughly assess all patients to determine the full extent of their injuries
b. Rapidly assess patient in approximately 30 seconds to determine the extent of
injuries and determine priority patients
c. Treat the worst patients 昀椀rst to give them the greatest chance of survival
d. Rapidly extricate patients in 30 seconds or less - answer b
Based on the MOI alone, which of the following patients would be considered the
MOST critical?
a. 23 y/o female who is conscious and walking around after being ejected from her car
b. 59 y/o male who fell 3ft from a ladder onto concrete
c. 43 y/o female whose car has rolled over
d. 27 y/o male who was rear-ended - answer a

You are preparing to give abdominal thrusts to a conscious person you believe to be
choking, but the person is too large to reach around their abdomen. You should?
a. Have the person stand against a wall while you give thrusts from the front
b. Reach under the stomach and thrust upward toward the navel
c. Move your hands up to the victim's chest and do chest thrusts from behind
d. Lay the person on the ground and do abdominal thrusts - answer c

You are dispatched to 123 Somewhere Rd to a call for an injured woman. As you
approach the door of the home, a man opens the door and tells you "this is none of
your business" and to "get out of here". What is the correct course of action in this
case?
a. Return to the ambulance and tell dispatch that the patient has refused care
b. Reason with the man and explain that the women may need medical attention
c. Return to the ambulance drive a safe distance away and call for the police to help
d. Barge past the man and help the woman in the home - answer a

Headlights are often overlooked as part of the emergency warning lighting system.
Headlights should be used while ?
a. On the road
b. Responding to a call
c. Returning from a call
d. Transporting to the hospital - answer a
You have called an air medical service to come pick up your accident victim from your
scene. The helicopter contacts you when they are 5 minutes out. They ask for landing
zone (LZ) information. Which of the following should be included in this safety brief?
a. Over head obstructions
b. Type of surface, road way, gravel or 昀椀eld
c. High tension power lines a quarter of a mile from the LZ
d. All of the above - answer d

If a patient refuses treatment and an EMT treats the patient anyway, what crime can the
EMT be charged with?
a. Negligance
b. Medical Malpractice
c. Battery
d. Abuse - answer c

This practice of protecting yourself and you're patient from the transfer of bodily 昀氀
uids is known as what?
a. Body substance isolation
b. Blood-borne pathogens
c. Infection control
d. PPE - answer a

While responding to a Hazardous Materials Incident the EMT should approach the
scene from
?
a. Up wind, down hill, up river
b. Up wind, up hill, up river
c. Down wind, up hill, down river
d. Down wind, down hill, down river - answer b
When you arrive at the receiving facility you must transfer care to the ED sta 昀昀... giving
them all the information and handing the patient over is called:
a. Quality transfer of care
b. Continuity of care
c. Careful transition
d. Patient quality care - answer b

You arrive on scene to 昀椀nd a patient with an altered mental status. You quickly
scan the scene. Which of the following items will help to point you in the right direction
in昀椀 nding a cause of the altered mental status?
a. Unkempt house with animal fur and dirt on the 昀氀oor
b. Medications including high blood pressure, anxiety and depression
c. A smell of dirty clothes and cat feces
d. Over the counter pain relievers - answer b

Your patient is not responding to your loud verbal stimuli. You 昀椀

nd the following
medications: Glucophage and Lipitor. What is the likely cause of the patient's problem?
a. High cholesterol
b. High blood pressure
c. Diabetic reaction
d. Coronary artery disease - answer c

You're patient is a known diabetic who takes up to four insulin injections a day. Today he
is found unresponsive, diaphoretic, and tachycardia. He is also only breathing 18 times
a minute. What is likely the patient's chief medical issue?
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Hyperglycemia
c. CVA
d. Hypertensive crisis - answer a

You 昀椀 nd that your diabetic patient is hypoglycemic. You have oral glucose to give to
the patient. You will give 15 grams of instant glucose to the patient EXCEPT if they
are
?
a. Conscious with blood sugar
b. Semi conscious with gag re 昀氀ex and the ability to swallow
c. Semi conscious without the ability to swallow
d. Conscious with an altered mental status and blood sugar of 80mg/dl - answer c

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following signs and symptoms; Acetone on
breath, dry skin, poor skin turgor, altered mental status, confusion, thirst, and frequent
urination. What other symptoms are associated with DKA?
a. Normal mental status
b. Appearance of intoxication
c. Tremors
d. Diaphoresis - answer b

There are two types of cerebral vascular accidents (i.e., strokes). The most
common is an ischemic stroke. What is the other type?
a. Transient ischemic stroke
b. CVA
c. Thrombus
d. Hemorrhagic - answer d

For a condition to be diagnosed as a transient ischemic attack (TIA), the symptoms

must be resolved in 24 hours ?
a. With some minor de 昀椀cits
b. With some major long lasting e 昀昀ects
 昀昀ects
c. Without any memory e
d. Without any permanent e昀昀ects - answer d

To assess a patient with a stroke, there are two major assessment tools: the Cincinnati
Stroke Scale and the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen. Which one of these two
tools uses arm drift as a diagnostic tool?
a. Neither
b. Cincinnati Stroke Scale
c. Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen
d. Both - answer b

Stroke symptoms often present the same as other medical problems. To prevent
昀昀
improper treatment for the signs and symptoms, working through the di erentials
is a must.
Hypoglycemia is often mistaken for a CVA. How can a clinician rule in or out this di昀昀
erential?
a. Check pupils
b. Check blood sugar
c. Check grips
d. Check arm drift - answer b

Statements from patients are used as assessment tools. Which of the following
statements about stroke symptoms should cause the clinician to use a higher index of
suspicion?
a. This is the worst headache I've ever had
b. This headache is behind my right eye
c. My head is throbbing
d. Bright light causes my head to hurt worse - answer a

A medical condition where the patient sometimes su 昀昀ers convulsions or seizure

activity is known as?
a. Postictal state
b. Tonic-clonic
c. Focal motor
d. Epilepsy - answer a

When assessing a patient complaining of depression, which of the following would be

most suggestive that the patient is at risk for suicide?
a. Previous attempt that was unsuccessful
b. Packing away of cherished possessions
c. Hostility toward concerned family members
d. Recent diagnosis of hypertension - answer a