Grade-10 Maths Polynomials

Important Questions of RD Sharma

1. Find the zeros of each of the following quadratic polynomial and verify the relationship between
the zeros and their coefficients: q(x)=√3x2 + 10x + 7√3
Sol: Given that,
q(x) = √3x2 + 10x + 7√3
To find the zeros of the equation, put q(x) = 0
= √3x2 + 10x + 7√3 = 0
= √3x2 + 3x +7x + 7√3x = 0
= √3x(x + √3) + 7 (x + √3) = 0
= (x + √3)(√3x + 7) = 0
x = -√3 and x = -7/√3
Hence, the zeros of the quadratic equation are -√3 and -7/√3.
Now, Verification
As we know that,
Sum of zeros = – coefficient of x / coefficient of x2
-√3 + (-7/√3) = – (10) /√3
(-3-7)/ √3 = -10/√3
-10/ √3 = -10/√3
Product of roots = constant / coefficient of x2
(-√3) x (-7/√3) = (7√3) / √3
7=7
Hence the relationship between zeros and their coefficients are verified.
2. If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = x2 – 5x + 4, find the value of 1/α + 1/β
– 2αβ.
Sol: Given that,
α and β are the roots of the quadratic polynomial f(x) where a = 1, b = -5 and c = 4
Using these values we can find,

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Sum of the roots = α+β = -b/a = – (-5)/1 = 5,

Product of the roots = αβ = c/a = 4/1 = 4
We have to find 1/α +1/β – 2αβ
= [(α +β)/ αβ] – 2αβ
= (5)/ 4 – 2(4) = 5/4 – 8 = -27/ 4
3. If α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = x2 + x – 2, find the value of 1/α – 1/β.
Sol: Given that:
α and β are the roots of the quadratic polynomial f(x) where a = 1, b = 1 and c = – 2
So, we can find
Sum of the roots = α+β = -b/a = – (1)/1 = -1,
Product of the roots = αβ = c/a = -2 /1 = – 2
We have to find, 1/α – 1/β
= [(β – α)/ αβ] = [β-α]/(αβ) x (α-β)/αβ = (√(α+β)2 -4αβ) / αβ = √(1+8) / 2 = 3/2
4. If one of the zero of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 4x2 – 8kx – 9 is negative of the other, then
find the value of k.
Sol: Given that,
The quadratic polynomial f(x) where a = 4, b = -8k and c = – 9
And, for roots to be negative of each other, let us assume that the roots α and – α.
Using these values we can find,
Sum of the roots = α – α = -b/a = – (-8k)/1 = 8k = 0 [∵ α – α = 0]
=k=0
5. If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(t)=t2– 4t + 3, find the value of α4 β3+α3 β4.
Sol: Given that,
α and β are the roots of the quadratic polynomial f(t) where a = 1, b = -4 and c = 3
Using these values we can find,
Sum of the roots = α+β = -b/a = – (-4)/1 = 4 ,
Product of the roots = αβ = c/a = 3/1 = 3
We have to find, α4 β3 + α3 β4
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Grade-10 Maths Polynomials

= α3 β3 (α +β)
= (αβ)3 (α +β)
= (3)3 (4) = 27 x 4 = 108
6. If α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 6x2 + x – 2, find the value of α/β +
2(1/α + 1/β) + 3αβ
Sol: Given that,
α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 6x2 + x – 2.
Therefore
Sum of the zeroes = α + β = 6/3
Product of the zeroes = α × β = 4/3
Now,
α/β + 2(1/α + 1/β) + 3αβ = [(α2 + β2) / αβ] + 2(1/α + 1/β) + 3αβ
[ ((α + β)2 – 2αβ) / αβ] + 2(1/α + 1/β) + 3αβ
Now substitute the values of the sum of zeroes and products of the zeroes and we will get,
α/β + 2(1/α + 1/β) + 3αβ = 8
Hence the value of α/β + 2(1/α + 1/β) + 3αβ is 8.
7. If α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = x2 – p(x + 1) – c, show that (α + 1)(β
+ 1) = 1 – c.
Sol: Given that,
α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial
f(x) = x2 – p(x + 1)– c
Now,
Sum of the zeroes = α + β = p
Product of the zeroes = α × β = (- p – c)
therefore,
(α + 1)(β + 1)
= αβ + α + β + 1

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Grade-10 Maths Polynomials

= αβ + (α + β) + 1
= (− p – c) + p + 1
= 1 – c = RHS
therefore, LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
8. If α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial such that α + β = 24 and α – β = 8, find a
quadratic polynomial having α and β as its zeroes.
Sol: Given that,
α + β = 24 ——(i)
α – β = 8 ——(ii)
By solving the above two equations, we will get
2α = 32
α = 16
put the value of α in any of the equation.
Let we substitute it in (ii) and we will get,
β = 16 – 8
β=8
Now,
Sum of the zeroes of the new polynomial = α + β = 16 + 8 = 24
Product of the zeroes = αβ = 16 × 8 = 128
Then, The quadratic polynomial = x2– (sum of the zeroes)x + (product of the zeroes) = x2 – 24x
+ 128
Hence, the required quadratic polynomial is f(x) = x2 + 24x + 128
9. If α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, then evaluate α4 + β4
Sol: α4 + β4= (α2 + β2)2 – 2α2β2
= ((α + β)2 – 2αβ)2 – (2αβ)2 ———(i)
Since,
Sum of the zeroes of polynomial = α + β = – b/a
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Grade-10 Maths Polynomials

Product of zeroes of polynomial = αβ = c/a

After substituting it in (i), we will get
= [(-b/a) -2(c/a)]2 – [2(c/a)2]
= [(b2 -2(ac)) / a2]2 – [2(c/a)2]
= [(b2 – 2ac)2 – 2a2 c2] / a4
10. Apply division algorithm to find the quotient q(x) and remainder r(x) on dividing f(x) by g(x)
in the following:
f ( x) = x 3 − 6 x 2 + 11x − 6, g ( x ) = x 2 + x + 1

Sol: Here we have to divide f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6 by g(x) = x2 + x + 1

So, to get quotient q(x) and remainder r(x), we use division algorithm

Therefore,
Remainder r(x) = 17x – 1
Quotient q(x) = x – 7
11. Check whether the first polynomial is a factor of the second polynomial by applying the division
algorithm:
g(x) = x2 – 3x + 1; f(x) = x5 – 4x3 + x2 + 3x + 1
Sol: Here, we have to check whether g(x) = x2 – 3x + 1 is a factor of (x) = x5 – 4x3 + x2 + 3x + 1
So, by using division algorithm, we get

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As the remainder left is 2.

Therefore,
g(x) = x2 – 3x + 1 is not a factor of f(x) = x5 – 4x3 + x2 + 3x + 1
12. Find all the zeroes of the polynomial f(x) = 2x3 + x2 – 6x – 3, if two of its zeroes are -√3 and √3.
Sol: Here, we are given two zeros of the polynomial f(x) 2x3 + x2 — 6x — 3 that are – 3 and 3.
Thus, the factors are ( x + 3)( x − 3)  x 2 − 3
So, by using division algorithm, we get

Hence
f ( x) = 2 x3 + x 2 − 6 x − 3

= ( x 2 − 3 ) (2 x + 1)

= ( x + 3)( x − 3)(2 x + 1)

Factors of f ( x) = 2 x 3 + x 2 − 6 x − 3 are ( x + 3), ( x − 3), 2 x + 1

Thus, the zeroes for the given polynomial are 3, − 3, −1 / 2

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13. What must be subtracted from the polynomial f(x) = x4 + 2x3 – 13x2 –12x + 21 so that the resulting
polynomial is exactly divisible by g(x) = x2 – 4x + 3.
Sol: Here we have to subtract to the polynomial f ( x) = x 4 + 2 x 3 − 13 x 2 − 12 x + 21
so that the resulting polynomial is exactly divisible by g ( x ) = x 2 − 4 x + 3
So. divide f(x) = = x 4 + 2 x 3 − 13 x 2 − 12 x + 21 by g ( x) = x 2 − 4 x + 3 to get the answer.

As the remainder left is (2x — 3) to get the resulting polynomial exactly divisible by
g ( x) = x 2 − 4 x + 3 we must add (2 x − 3) to f ( x) = x 4 + 2 x 3 − 13 x 2 − 12 x + 21.

14. Given that x – √5 is a factor of the cubic polynomial x3 – 3√5x2 + 13x – 3√5, find all the zeroes
of the polynomial.
Sol: Here, we have x – √5 as factor of the cubic polynomial x3 – 3√5x2 + 13x – 3√5. To find all the
zeros of the polynomial, we have to divide the polynomial x3 – 3√5x2 + 13x – 3√5 by the factor
x – √5

Here

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x 3 − 3 5 x 2 + 13 x − 3 5

(
= ( x − 5) x 2 − 2 5 + 3 )
= ( x − 5)( x − ( 5 + 2))( x − ( 5 − 2))

So. the factors of the cubic polynomial

(x 3
− 3 5 x 2 + 13 x − 3 5 are ( x − 5), ( x − ( 5 + 2 )), ( x − ( 5 − 2 ))

Therefore. the zero of the polynomial are 5, ( 5 − 2), ( 5 + 2)

15. If α and β are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = x2 + px + q, form a polynomial whose
zeroes are (α + β)2 and (α – β)2.
Sol: Given that , f(x) = x2 + px + q
Sum of the zeroes = α + β = -p
Product of the zeroes = αβ = q
therefore,
Sum of the zeroes of new polynomial = (α + β)2 + (α – β)2
= (α + β)2 + α2 + β2 – 2αβ
= (α + β)2 + (α + β)2 – 2αβ – 2αβ
= (- p)2 + (- p)2 – 2 × q – 2 × q
= p2 + p2 – 4q = p2 – 4q
Product of the zeroes of new polynomial = (α + β)2 x (α – β)2
= (- p)2((- p)2 – 4q)
= p2 (p2–4q)
therefore, the quadratic polynomial is,
x2 – (sum of the zeroes)x + (product of the zeroes)
= x2 – (2p2 – 4q)x + p2(p2 – 4q)
Hence, the required quadratic polynomial is f(x) = k(x2 – (2p2 –4q) x + p2(p2 – 4q)).

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