METHODOLOGY :
reen houses help keep pests out of the field and shield crops from extreme heat or cold. It
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shields crops from unfavorable environmental conditions all year long so that food production
can be sustained.
This technology uses a sensor (soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and light) attached to a
portable stick to monitor the crop field and triggers the irrigation system automatically. Wireless
transmission is used to transfer real-time sensor data to a Web server database.
The web page aided seed plantation technique is employed by this system. This makes it easier
to plant seeds at the desired spot by only clicking on the location as it appears on the webpage.
Additionally, a webcam has been attached for video surveillance, enhancing its security.
HARDWARE EQUIPMENTS:
1) RASPBERRY PI :
regular keyboard and mouse can be used with the inexpensive Raspberry Pi computer,
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which is the size of a credit card and connects into a TV or computer monitor. We can program
in languages like Scratch and Python with this small device.For our project, we are utilizing the
Raspberry Pi 3 b+ model. The Raspberry Pi 3 b+ model lowers the cost and accelerates time to
market by enabling the board to be included into final products with a notably decreased amount
of wireless LAN compliance testing.
2) Arduino Mega 2560 :
he Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board with the following features: 4 UARTs
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(hardware serial ports), 16 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, 16 digital
input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), USB, power jack, ICSP
header, and reset button. It can run from a 6 to 20 volt external power. However, the 5V
pin may only give five volts, and the board can become unstable, if the supply is less
than seven volts. The voltage regulator may overheat and harm the board if more than
12V is used. Thus, a voltage range of 7 to 12 volts is advised.
3) V Wheels :
V-groove wheel is a particular kind of caster that usually has a flat or rounded exterior
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diameter with a V-shaped groove. This particular gadget is made to help roll big items
and equipment on iron tracks as they are moved from one location to another. V-groove
wheels can be rolled on level terrain just as conventional wheels.
4) DHT 11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor :
he DHT 11 is a very affordable digital sensor that measures humidity and temperature
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accurately. To precisely measure the ambient conditions, this sensor combines a
thermistor with a capacitive humidity sensor. These measures can be seamlessly
integrated with a variety of microcontrollers, such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi, by being
converted into serial data. The DHT 11 provides an easy-to-use interface for retrieving
data thanks to its small size and four pins, one of which is devoted to serial data transfer.
With remarkable accuracy of +/-5% for relative humidity and +/-2 degrees for
temperature, it performs exceptionally well in producing accurate readings of both
temperature and relative humidity in degrees Celsius. As such, it is a great option for a
wide range of applications.
5) Soil Moisture Sensor :
soil moisture sensor, such as the YL-69 sensormodule we utilized in our project,
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functions by gauging the water content within a material, typically soil, on a volumetric
basis.This sensor uses a useful technique that involves two probes to put current into
the soil. It then measures the resistance in the soil to determine the moisture content.
Increased water content causes the soil to become more electrically conductive, which
lowers resistance levels and ultimately points to a higher moisture content. On the other
hand, drier soil has less conductivity, which raises resistance values and indicates a
lower moisture content. This sensor efficiently provides informative data about soil
moisture levels by measuring the electrical conductivity of the soil. This helps to
accurately understand the environmental conditions that are important for a variety of
applications, including environmental monitoring projects and agriculture.
6) Servo Motor :
ervo motor is an electrical device which can push or rotate an object with great
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precision.If motor is used is DC powered then itis called DC servo motor, and if it is AC
powered motor then it is called AC servo motor.Wecan get a very high torque servo
motor in small and light weight packages. The servo motor model we used for this
project is S8218. It works on PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) principle, means its angle
of rotation is controlled by the duration of applied pulse to its Control PIN. Servo motor is
made up of DC motor which is controlled by a variable resistor (potentiometer) and some
gears. High speed force of DC motor is converted into torque by Gears. Potentiometer is
connected to the output shaft of the Servo, to calculate the angle and stop the DC motor
on required angle.
7) Stepper Motor :
tepper motors are among the various electrical items for which the National Electrical
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Manufacturers Association establishes standards. Hard drives, linear actuators, and
CNC machines are prominent applications for NEMA17 stepper motors. The motor is
rated for 12 volts and has six lead wires. Lower voltage can be used to run it, but the
torque will decrease. With a step angle of 1.8 degrees, these motors can span 1.8
degrees with 200 steps every revolution, meaning they have a high degree of control.
Due to their 12V operation, these motors have a high torque output. Thus, this motor is
the best option for you if you're searching for a small, simple-to-use stepper motor with a
lot of torque.
8) Motor Driver :
he ST Company stands out for its production of the L298N Motor Driver Module, a high
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voltage Dual H-Bridge perfect for accommodating common TTL voltage values. This
versatile driver is specifically designed to power inductive loads such as DC motors and
stepper motors, offering the essential functions of speed control, forward and reverse
capabilities. Noteworthy is its impressive capacity to handle a continuous current of up to
2A in each channel and voltages up to 46V, making it a reliable choice for various motor
control applications. Moreover, the L298N allows for the simultaneous and independent
control of two DC motors, granting users precise manipulation over speed and direction
through its twin H-Bridge setup.The above-depicted controller board features
connections marked +12V and +5V. The motor power is connected to the +12V pin. The
voltage range that this pin accepts is +7VDC to +35VDC. This feature-rich motor driver
empowers users with the flexibility and efficiency needed to drive multiple motors with
ease, enhancing the overall performance and control capabilities of various
electromechanical systems.
9) Webcam :
webcam, a device renowned for its ability to capture live images and videos, serves as
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a crucial tool for our project by facilitating real-time monitoring of the cultivation area
through live video feed transmission. Comprising essential elements such as a lens for
optical focus, an image sensor for capturing visual data, and support circuitry for
operational functions, webcams offer versatile functionality. Additionally, they often
feature one or more microphones, enabling clear audio communication to complement
video streams. These integrated components collectively enhance the quality and
interactivity of video sessions, making webcams indispensable for various applications,
including video chatting with multiple participants and professional streaming setups.
The seamless integration of hardware and software allows webcams to leverage
computer networks, such as the Internet, to transmit data efficiently, making them an
invaluable asset in our endeavor to monitor operations effectively.
10)Greenhouse :
greenhouse is a specialized structure designed to provide a controlled environment
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that caters to the specific needs of plants, particularly those that require specific growth
conditions. Typically, greenhouses are constructed using materials like glass or plastic,
which are transparent and help in allowing sunlight to penetrate while also trapping heat
inside, resulting in a climate that is consistently warmer and more stable compared to
the external surroundings. By offering the possibility of year-round cultivation and
increasing crop yields, greenhouses have a significant impact on the agricultural sector.
Moreover, they serve as essential tools for conducting scientific research, contributing
valuable insights that aid in the advancement of agricultural practices. Overall,
greenhouses play a crucial role in modern agriculture by facilitating optimal growing
conditions and driving innovation in plant cultivation techniques.
APPLICATIONS :
griculture is a labor-and time-intensive industry in today's society. Using traditional
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agricultural methods, farmers are experiencing enormous losses in terms of productivity
as well as financial losses. We created an Agro-bot that is web-based by employing
automation.There are numerous uses for a web-based agrobot, or agricultural robot, that
is managed and observed via a web interface in a variety of agricultural fields. The
following are a few possible uses:
Field Monitoring and Management: Using the web interface, farmers can keep an eye on
their fields from a distance. They can access real-time data gathered by the agrobot's
ensors on crop health, temperature, humidity, and soil moisture. This makes it possible
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to implement timely interventions like fertilization, irrigation, and pest control.
recision farming: Agrobots with GPS and image sensors can collect comprehensive
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data on crop health, weed dispersion, and soil conditions. Through the online interface,
this data can be processed and analyzed to optimize planting patterns, apply pesticides
and fertilizers more effectively, and cut down on resource waste.
utonomous Crop Cultivation: Using pre-established settings and directives obtained via
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a web interface, web-based agrobots are capable of planting, cultivating, and harvesting
crops on their own. This boosts productivity and decreases the need for physical labor,
particularly in large-scale farming operations.
reenhouse Management: Agrobots can monitor and regulate temperature, humidity,
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and light levels in greenhouse settings to provide crops the best growing circumstances
possible. Farmers can change settings through the online interface and get warnings or
notifications when conditions deviate from optimal ones.
eed Detection and Removal:When agrobots are fitted with cameras and image
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processing algorithms, they are able to recognize weeds amid crops and eliminate them
on their own with the use of chemicals or mechanical tools. Farmers can keep an eye on
weed management efforts and take appropriate action as needed thanks to the web
interface.
rop scouting and surveillance: Agrobots are able to patrol greenhouses and fields,
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looking for pests, diseases, or other problems that could be impacting the health of the
crops. Through the online interface, farmers may monitor real-time video feeds and
sensor data, enabling targeted interventions and early detection to reduce crop losses.
ata Analysis and Decision Support: The web-based platform has the ability to compile
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and examine information gathered from several agrobots in various fields or places.
Farmers may make well-informed decisions to maximize agricultural yields and resource
utilization by using machine learning algorithms, which can offer insights and
recommendations.
RESULT ANALYSIS :
fter meticulously following the detailed methodology outlined earlier and successfully
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integrating the various components, the efficient agrobot smoothly retrieved the seed located at
the predetermined spot. Following that, the seed was carefully planted with precise adherence
to the specific instructions provided by the user through a dedicated webpage interface, while
the advanced irrigation system automatically adjusted its settings based on real-time data
collected by the sensor, ensuring optimal conditions for the growth of the seedling.
FUTURE SCOPE :
fter the completion of our project, it is worth noting that there are several enhancements that
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could be implemented to further enhance its capabilities and functionality. These improvements,
which are outlined below, encompass various aspects of the project:
) One potential enhancement involves leveraging AI technology to accurately identify and
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classify different types of seeds based on distinct characteristics, aiding in efficient seed
analysis.
) Another notable improvement is the potential integration of a camera system with a servo
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motor, enabling enhanced surveillance capabilities that can pan and tilt in multiple directions,
providing comprehensive monitoring and security features.
) Additionally, considering user convenience and accessibility, a bespoke Android application
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could be designed and implemented to allow seamless interaction with the project, enabling
users to remotely control and monitor its operations with ease.
) Furthermore, enhancing the project's battery capacity could significantly improve its
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operational efficiency and overall performance, ensuring prolonged usage duration and
reliability.
) Lastly, refining the device's programming to accommodate and execute a broader range of
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functions and tasks could elevate its versatility and utility in various applications, enhancing its
overall functionality and appeal.
CONCLUSION :
fter the successful completion of the project, we familiarized ourselves with the intricate details
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of the software and hardware components involved. This deeper understanding has sparked a
renewed sense of drive and enthusiasm to further enhance our project and achieve significant
milestones. By systematically refining our approach, we managed to seamlessly integrate the
agrobot into our system, enhancing its capabilities and functionalities. The comprehensive
knowledge gained from this experience has not only elevated our project but also inspired us to
explore new innovations and advancements in the field.
REFERENCES:
[1] Dario,P.,Sandini,G.,Allotta,B.,Bucci,A.,Buemi,F.,Massa,M.,Ferrari,F.,Magrassi,M.,
Bosio, L., Valleggi, R., Gallo, E., Bologna, A., Cantatore, F., Torrielli, G. and Mannucci, A.
(1994). THE AGROBOT PROJECT FOR GREENHOUSE AUTOMATION.
[2] F. Buemi, M. Massa, G. Sandini, G. Costi, The AGROBOT project, Advances in Space
Research.
[3] Darwin, Bini &D,Pamela&Prince,Shajin.(2020).MachineVisionandMachineLearning
for Intelligent Agrobots: A review.
[4] T. Dharanika, S. Ruban Karthik, S. Sabhariesh Vel, S. Vyaas and S. Yogeshwaran,
“Automatic Leaf Disease Identification and Fertilizer Agrobot,” 2021.
[5] Kanade, Prakash & Pareppady, Ashwini. (2021). Smart Agriculture Robot for Sowing Seed.
[6] Boopathi, Ragavi & Loganathan, Pavithra & Sandhiyadevi, P. & Mohanapriya, G.K. &
Harikirubha, S.. (2020). Smart Agriculture with AI Sensor by Using Agrobot.
