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Fundamentals of Computer

A computer is a programmable electronic device that processes input, stores data, and produces output. It consists of hardware (input, output, processing, and storage devices) and software (system, application, and programming software). Additionally, users interact with computers, and the overall functioning involves input, processing, storage, output, and control by the operating system.

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74 views2 pages

Fundamentals of Computer

A computer is a programmable electronic device that processes input, stores data, and produces output. It consists of hardware (input, output, processing, and storage devices) and software (system, application, and programming software). Additionally, users interact with computers, and the overall functioning involves input, processing, storage, output, and control by the operating system.

Uploaded by

cattmint6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of Computer

1. What is a Computer?

A computer is a programmable electronic device that accepts input, processes it, stores data, and produces

output. It performs various operations with speed and accuracy.

2. Hardware

Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system.

A. Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, Webcam

B. Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speakers, Projector

C. Processing Device: CPU (Central Processing Unit) - includes ALU and CU

D. Storage Devices: HDD, SSD, USB Drive, CD/DVD

E. Communication Devices: Modem, Network Card, Wi-Fi Adapter

3. Software

Software is a set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. It is intangible.

A. System Software: Operating Systems (Windows, Linux), Utility Software

B. Application Software: MS Word, Excel, Browsers, Games

C. Programming Software: C++, Java, Python

4. Storage (Memory)

A. Primary Memory:

- RAM (Temporary)

- ROM (Permanent)

B. Secondary Memory:

- Hard Disk, SSD, Pen Drive, CD/DVD

C. Tertiary/Cloud Storage:
Fundamentals of Computer

- External Hard Drives, Google Drive, Dropbox

5. Difference Between Hardware and Software

Hardware: Physical parts (CPU, Monitor), can be touched.

Software: Programs (Windows, MS Office), cannot be touched.

6. Users (Peopleware)

People who interact with the computer.

- End Users: Use applications

- IT Professionals: Develop and maintain systems

7. How a Computer Works

Example - Writing a letter:

1. Input - Typing via keyboard

2. Processing - CPU processes

3. Storage - File saved

4. Output - Displayed on monitor

5. Control - OS manages

8. Summary

- Computer = Hardware + Software + Storage + Users

- Hardware = Input, Output, Processing, Storage

- Software = System, Application, Programming

- Storage = Primary, Secondary, Cloud

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