DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

UNIT V - MOBILE PLATFORMS AND APPLICATIONS

Mobile Device Operating Systems – Special Constrains & Requirements – Commercial
Mobile Operating Systems – Software Development Kit: iOS, Android, BlackBerry,
Windows Phone – M-Commerce – Structure – Pros & Cons – Mobile Payment System
– Security Issues.
PART A
1. What are the features of blackberry operating system? [Nov 2018]
• Enhanced Keyboard
• Work and Personal Balance
• Flow and Peek
• BlackBerry Hub

2. Write the features of windows phone. [Nov 2018]

• User interface
• Text input
• Web browser
• Games
• Multitasking
• Advertising platform

3. What is M-Commerce? [Apr 2018] [May 2016]

• M-commerce (mobile commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and

services through wireless handheld devices such as cellular telephone and
personal digital assistants (PDAs). Known as next-generation e-commerce, m-
commerce enables users to access the Internet without needing to find a place
to plug in.
• The emerging technology behind m-commerce, which is based on the Wireless
Application Protocol (WAP), has made far greater strides in Europe, where
mobile devices equipped with Web-ready micro-browsers are much more
common than in the United States.

4. What are the constraints of mobile device OS? [Apr 2018] [Apr 2022]
What are the special constraints of Mobile OS? [May 2017] [Nov 2021]
• Limited memory
• Limited screen size
• Miniature keyboard
• Limited processing power
• Limited battery power
• Limited and fluctuating bandwidth of the wireless medium

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CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

5. What are the advantages & disadvantages of Blackberry OS? [Nov 2017]
Advantages
• Push Email Technology - BlackBerry easily integrates push email technology
in a breeze, allowing you to instantly receive messages as soon as they
start showing up in your inbox.
• Data Management - BlackBerry phones are capable enough for compressing
data down to half the size, saving you the cost of expensive bandwidth.
Disadvantages
• The app store lacked decent number of applications and it failed to attract
developers with its poor interfaced leading to its demise.
• Slow Web Browser - BlackBerry has the most sluggish response time when
it comes to browsing the Internet.

6. Explain the pros and cons of M-Commerce. [NOV 2021]

Pros of M-Commerce
1. For the business organization, the benefits of using M-commerce include
customer convenience, cost savings, and new business opportunities.
2. From the customer’s perspective, M-commerce provides the flexibility of
anytime, anywhere shopping using just a lightweight device. The customer
can save substantial time compared to visiting several stores for identifying
the right product at the lowest price.
3. Mobile devices can be highly personalized, thereby providing an additional
level of convenience to the customers. For example, a repeat order for
some items can be placed at the touch of a button.
Cons of M-Commerce
1. Mobile devices do not generally offer graphics or processing power of a PC.
The users are therefore constrained to use small screen and keyboard and
low-resolution pictures and videos.
2. The small screens of mobile devices limit the complexity of applications. For
example, the menu choice, and text typing capability are severely
constrained
3. The underlying network imposes several types of restrictions. For example,
the available bandwidth is severely restricted, and international reach is
prohibitively expensive.

7. Define POS. [Nov 2016]

• A point of sale (POS) is the place where sales are made. On a macro level, a
POS may be a mall, a market or a city.
• On a micro level, retailers consider a POS to be the area where a customer
completes a transaction, such as a checkout counter. It is also known as a
point of purchase.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

8. Differentiate E-Commerce and M-Commerce. [Nov 2016]

Criteria E-commerce M-commerce
Electronic Commerce (or
Mobile Commerce (or
also called E-
also called M-commerce)
commerce) refers to the
refers to the process of
activities of buying and
Definition buying and selling
selling products and
products and services
services with the use of
with the use of
electronic systems such
internet/cellular data.
as the internet.
Wireless handheld
Devices used Computers, laptops… devices such as cell
phones, iPads, tablets…
Not mandatory(allow the
use of offline mode,
The use of Internet Mandatory
might not work properly
though)
Larger owing to the
Connectivity Smaller bigger number of mobile
users
Less limited because of
lighter weight and
Mobility Limited
smaller size leading to
easier to carry
Only at the places where
Broader due to its
Reach the electricity and the
portability
internet are available

9. Give an examples of Mobile OS. [May 2016] [Nov 2022]

• Symbian.
• Android.
• September 20th, 2008 was the date when Google released the first Android
OS by the name of 'Astro'. After sometime next upgraded versions 'Bender'
and 'Cupcake' were also released. ...
• Apple iOS.
• Blackberry OS.
• Windows OS.
• BADA.
• Palm OS (Garnet OS)

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

10. What is android SDK? [NOV 2022]

• The Android SDK (Software Development Kit) is a mobile application
development framework using which developers can create applications for
the Android platform.
• The Android SDK provides the tools and libraries necessary to develop
applications that can run on Android-based devices.

11. What are the android application components?

• Activity
• Content providers
• Service
• Broadcast receivers

12. What are the applications of M-Commerce?

M-commerce applications can be broadly categorized into either B2C or B2B.

13. Examples of B2C Applications of M-Commerce.

• Advertising
• Comparison shopping
• Information about a product
• Mobile ticketing
• Loyalty and payment services
• Interactive advertisements
• Catalogue shopping

14. What do you mean by B2C Applications?

• Business-to-consumer (B2C) is a form of commerce in which products or
services are sold by a business firm to a consumer.
• B2C is an important category of mobile commerce applications and is
reported to be nearly half of the total M-commerce market.

15. What do you mean by radio frequency identification?

• A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag attached to a product, animal,
or person for the purpose of identification and tracking, makes use of radio
waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the
line of sight of the reader.

16. Examples of B2B Applications of M-Commerce.

• Ordering and delivery confirmation
• Stock tracking and control
• Supply Chain Management (SCM)
• Mobile inventory management

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CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

17. What do you mean by business-to-business applications?

• Business-to-business (B2B) is a form of commerce in which products or
services are sold from a company to its dealers.
• For example, a company that manufactures TV sets would normally sell it
through a dealer network rather than selling the product directly to the
consumers.

18. What are the features required of a mobile device to enable mobile
commerce?
To enable mobile commerce to be used widely, a mobile device should provide the
following facilities:
• Good Internet connectivity
• Ability to display rich content such as images
• Have a good quality camera with auto focus
• Screen should be able to properly display the bar codes
• Ability to read the RFID tags
• MMS (Multimedia Message Service), SMS (Short Message Service)
• Ability to communicate between the mobile device and the supporting
network
• Ability to scan bar codes
• Ability to interact with the Point-of-Sale (PoS) terminals.

19. What are the advantages of M-Commerce?

1. For the business organization, the benefits of using M-commerce include
customer convenience, cost savings, and new business opportunities.
2. From the customer’s perspective, M-commerce provides the flexibility of
anytime, anywhere shopping using just a lightweight device. The customer can
save substantial time compared to visiting several stores for identifying the
right product at the lowest price.
3. Mobile devices can be highly personalized, thereby providing an additional
level of convenience to the customers. For example, a repeat order for some
items can be placed at the touch of a button.

20. What are the disadvantages of M-Commerce?

1. Mobile devices do not generally offer graphics or processing power of a PC.
The users are therefore constrained to use small screen and keyboard and low-
resolution pictures and videos.
2. The small screens of mobile devices limit the complexity of applications. For
example, the menu choice, and text typing capability are severely constrained
3. The underlying network imposes several types of restrictions. For example,
the available bandwidth is severely restricted, and international reach is
prohibitively expensive.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

21. Define Mobile Payment Systems.

• A mobile payment (or M-payment) may be defined as any payment
instrument where a mobile device is used to initiate, authorize and confirm
an exchange of financial value in return for goods and services.
22. What are the three types of M-Payment systems?
Three popular types of M-payment schemes are currently being used:
(a) Bank account based
(b) Credit card based
(c) Micropayment
23. What do you mean by Bank account-based M-Payment?
• In this scheme, the bank account of the customer is linked to his mobile
phone number.
• When the customer makes an M-payment transaction with a vendor or in a
shopping complex, based on Bluetooth or wireless LAN connectivity with the
vendor, the bank account of the customer is debited and the value is
credited to the vendor’s account.

24. What do you mean by micro payment?

• Micropayment is intended for payment for small purchases such as from
vending machines.
• The mobile device can communicate with the vending machine directly
using a Bluetooth or wireless LAN connection to negotiate the payment and
then the micropayment is carried out.
25. What do you mean by credit card-based M-Payment?
• In the credit card-based M-payment, the credit card number is linked to the
mobile phone number of the customer.
• When the customer makes an M-payment transaction with a merchant, the
credit card is charged and the value is credited to the merchant’s account.

26. Write short notes on Payment settlement solutions.

• Payment solutions can be categorized on the basis of the payment
settlement methods, which are instant-paid, postpaid, prepaid, or a
combination of these.
• In the prepaid solution, customers buy a smart card where the amount
equivalent is stored and then they can pay for goods or services desired.
• Subscription to services can also be considered as the prepaid type of
payment.
• The prepaid type of solution allows privacy to users since at no point of the
process is it required to disclose any personal data.
• The instant-paid solution is that in which payment settlement is done as
soon as users confirm the payment as in direct debiting systems.
• In the postpaid solution, customers pay for goods or services later. Payment
by credit card and phone bill is an example of this solution.

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CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

27. Differentiate native apps and web apps. (APR 2021)

Native Apps
• Mobile apps may work offline
• Native Apps are comparatively faster.

Web Apps
• In order to run web apps, need an active internet connection
• Web Apps are comparatively slower.

28. Mention the major protocols involved in mobile payment systems.

(APR 2021)
Mobile payment protocols must provide security services (e.g., authentication,
authorization, integrity, privacy, and non-repudiation), but the features of mobile
devices make it a difficult task, especially when the service requires to perform
public key operations.

29. What is meant by microkernel operating system? (APR 2022)

• The microkernel design approach tries to minimize the size of the kernel
code.
• Most of the operating system services run as user level processes. The main
advantage of this approach is that it becomes easier to port, extend, and
maintain the operating system code. The kernel code is very difficult to
debug compared to application programs.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

PART B
1. Explain in detail about Mobile Device Operating System and Compare
Monolithic design versus microkernel design of an operating system.
[APR 2022]
Key Points
Operating system (OS) responsibilities - Managing Resources, Providing Different
Interfaces
OS Design
- Monolithic Kernel
- Micro Kernel
Operating system (OS) performs two main responsibilities
Managing Resources
• To facilitate efficient utilization of the resources of the device by performing
multiple tasks.
• The resources that are managed by the operating system include processor,
memory, files, and various types of attached devices such as camera, speaker,
keyboard, and screen.
• Typically, a mobile device is expected to run multiple applications at the same
time and each application may in turn require running multiple tasks.
• A task can have multiple threads.
• A few examples of such applications include voice communication, text
messaging, e-mail, video play, music play, recording, web browsing, running
remote applications, etc.
Providing Different Interfaces
• Provides a highly interactive interface to the user of the device and on the other
interfaces with other devices and networks.
• An important interface concerns control, data, and voice communications with the
base station using different types of protocols.
Mobile O/S—A Few Basic Concepts
• The traditional operating systems such as Unix and Windows are known to
have a monolithic kernel design.
• In a monolithic kernel OS design, the kernel essentially constitutes the entire
operating system code, except for the code for the shell.

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CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

• The main problem with the monolithic kernel design is that it makes the
kernel massive, non-modular, hard to tailor, maintain, extend, and
configure.

Figure 5.1 Monolithic design versus microkernel design of an operating system.

• Considering the disadvantages of the monolithic kernel design, the

microkernel design approach has been proposed.
• The microkernel design approach tries to minimize the size of the kernel
code.
• Monolithic design versus microkernel design of an operating system is
shown in Figure 5.1.
• Most of the operating system services run as user level processes. The main
advantage of this approach is that it becomes easier to port, extend, and
maintain the operating system code. The kernel code is very difficult to
debug compared to application programs.

2. Explain in detail about Special Constraints and Requirements of Mobile

Operating Systems.
Key Points
Constraints
• Limited memory
• Limited screen size
• Miniature keyboard
• Limited processing power
• Limited battery power
• Limited and fluctuating bandwidth of the wireless medium
Requirements
• Support for specific communication protocols
• Support for a variety of input mechanisms
• Compliance with open standards
• Extensive library support
• An important constraint for a mobile device lies in avoiding complex
computations and hence entering into a low power sleep mode as soon as
possible.

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CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

• Such a constraint is not usually imposed on a traditional operating system.

• Further, the number of times that a mobile device is typically turned on per
day is significantly higher than that of a desktop or any other computer.
• Due to this constraint, the mobile OS would need to be loaded (booted) much
faster each time after it is switched on, compared to a desktop.
• Consequently, the kernel of a mobile OS needs to be of a very small size.
• There are several such constraints which influence the design of a mobile OS.
• It can be argued that coping with such constraints is an important reason why
the operating system of a mobile device needs to differ significantly from a
general-purpose operating system.
Some of the important constraints of a mobile OS.
Limited memory
• A mobile device usually has much less permanent and volatile storage
compared to that of a contemporary desktop or laptop.
Limited screen size
• The size of a mobile handset needs to be small to make it portable. This limits
the size of the display screen.
Miniature keyboard
• Mobile handsets are either provided with a small keypad or the small-sized
display screen is designed to be used as a keyboard in a touchscreen mode
using a stylus.
Limited processing power
• The cope with the restricted processing power, storage, and battery power,
usually the operating system is made to provide only a limited number of
functionalities that are useful in the actual operation of the mobile.
• Activities such as mobile application development that require use of memory-
intensive utility programs, such as editors and compilers, are carried out on a
desktop or laptop, and only after the application is completely simulated and
tested, it is cross-compiled and downloaded onto the mobile device.
Limited battery power
• In spite of the small battery, a mobile phone is expected to support long talk
time without the need to recharge frequently.
Limited and fluctuating bandwidth of the wireless medium
• A wireless medium is directly susceptible to atmospheric noise, and thereby
causes high bit error rates.
• The bandwidth of a wireless channel may fluctuate randomly due to
atmospheric noise, movement of some objects, or the movements of the
mobile handset itself.
Special Service Requirements
Support for specific communication protocols
• Mobile devices are often required to be connected to the base station and
various types of peripheral devices, computers and other mobile devices. This
requires enhanced communication support.

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CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

• The types of communication protocols used for communication with the base
station depend on the generation of the communication technology (1G, 2G,
etc.) in which the mobile device is deployed.
Support for a variety of input mechanisms
• A mobile OS needs to support a variety of input mechanisms to make it
generic and usable by different manufacturers of mobile devices.
Compliance with open standards
• Adhering to an open standard facilitates the development of innovative
applications by third-party developers.
Extensive library support
• The cost-effective development of third-party applications requires extensive
library support by the OS.
• At the minimum, the expected library support includes the availability of
programmer callable primitives for email, SMS, MMS, Bluetooth, multimedia,
user interface primitives, and GSM/GPRS functionalities.

3. Explain in detail about commercial mobile operating systems.

Compare and contrast the various Mobile OS. (10)[Nov 2016][NOV 2022]
Explain the components of Mobile Operating Systems. (8) [May 2016]
Explain various operating systems for Mobile Computing. [May 2017]
Key Points
A few popular mobile OS
1. Windows Mobile
2. iOS
3. Android
4. Blackberry Operating System
• It is a challenging task to design a mobile OS with a set of core capabilities
that are expected to be supported by mobile devices and with a consistent
programming environment across all smart phones that install the OS.
A few popular mobile OS
1. Windows Mobile
• Microsoft introduced its Windows Mobile operating system in the year 2003. It
was developed based on Pocket PC 2000 and was targeted specifically as an
operating system for mobile phones which the different cell phone vendors can
use in their cell phones.
• Microsoft defined a hardware specification for hand-held computers that can
run its Windows Mobile operating system (Refer Figure 5.2) in order to
simplify the design of the operating system and to reduce the number of
versions of the operating system.
Windows Mobile is now a family of three operating systems:
• Windows Mobile Standard
• Windows Mobile Professional
• Windows Mobile Classic

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

Figure 5.2 Evolution of Microsoft’s mobile OS.

A few important features of the Windows mobile OS are the following

• The Graphics/Window/Event manager (GWE) component handles all input and
output.
• Provides a virtual memory management.
• Supports security through the provision of a cryptographic library.
• Application development is similar to that in the Win32 environment.
• At present, it does not provide true multitasking.
Explain in detail components of iPhone operating systems.
List the special features of a mobile operating system. (13) [Apr 2018]
2. iOS
• The iPhone was designed to replace Apple’s highly successful iPod.
• Apple had developed iOS as iPhone’s operating system and was originally
known as iPhone OS, but later renamed iOS.
• iOS is a derivative of Mac OS. Mac OS was later extended for use in other
Apple devices such as the iPod touch, iPad and Apple TV.
• iOS is a closed and proprietary operating system fully owned and controlled by
Apple and not
• designed to be used by various mobile phone vendors on their systems.
• User interactions with OS include gestures such as swipe, tap, pinch, and
reverse pinch

3. Android
• To understand the genesis of Android, refer Figure 5.3, we need to dig into a
bit of history.
• The leading search engine company Google’s income is dependent on the
average number of searches performed per day by people using its search
engine.
• This is because advertisers pay to a web search company based on the
average number of user hits that are recorded on its search engine.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

Figure 5.3 Android software stacks.

Application layer
• The Android operating system comes with a set of basic applications such as
web browser, email client, SMS program, maps, calendar, and contacts
repository management programs.
Application framework
• An application framework is used to implement a standard structure for
different applications. The application framework essentially provides a set of
services that an application programmer can make use of.
• The services include managers and content providers. Content providers
enable applications to access data from other applications. A notification
manager allows an application to display custom alerts on the status bar.
Libraries and runtime
• The available libraries are written using multiple languages such as C and
C++. These are called through a Java interface.
• These include a Surface Manager (for compositing windows), 2D and 3D
graphics, Media Codecs like MPEG-4 and MP3, an SQL database SQLite and the
web browser engine called WebKit.
The Android runtime consists of two components.
• A set of libraries provides most of the functionalities available in the core
libraries of the Java language.
• The other runtime is the Dalvik virtual machine.

Kernel
• Android kernel has been developed based on a version of Linux kernel.
However, it has excluded the native X Window System and does not support
the full set of standard GNU libraries.

4. Blackberry Operating System

• Blackberry operating system is a proprietary operating system designed for
BlackBerry smart phones produced by Research in Motion Limited (RIM).

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

What are the features of mobile operating system? [Nov 2018]

Refer Table 5.1 A Comparison of the Features of Three Popular Mobile
Operating Systems

Table 5.1 A Comparison of the Features of Three Popular Mobile Operating

Systems
4. Explain in detail about software development kit.
Write short notes on Android SDK. (8) [May 2016]
Explain in detail about android SDK. (13) [Nov 2018]
Explain Android platform with its features, software stock and SDK.
[Nov 2017]
Key Points
• Android SDK Environment
• Features of SDK - client program, daemon program, server
program
• Android Application Components – Activity, Content providers,
Service, Broadcast receivers
• Advantages of Android
Cell phones are small in size and therefore can easily be carried everywhere like a
wallet.
Android SDK Environment
• The Android SDK (Software Development Kit) is a mobile application
development framework
• Using which developers can create applications for the Android platform.
• The Android SDK provides the tools and libraries necessary to develop
applications that can run on Android-based devices.
• An important advantage of Android SDK is the low processor and RAM
requirements.

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Features of SDK
Using the SDK, one can either run the application on the actual Android device or
a software emulator on the host machine. This is achieved by using the Android
Debug Bridge (ADB) available with the SDK.
ADB is a client-server program and includes three main components:
• A client program which runs on the developer’s (called host) machine. One
can invoke a client from a shell by issuing an adb command.
• A daemon program which runs as a background process on each emulator
or device instance. It is the part that actually manages the communication
with the handset or the emulator and helps in executing the application.
• A server program which runs as a background process on the host machine.
The server manages communication between the client and an adb daemon
that runs on the emulator or the Android handset.
Android Application Components
Application components are the essential building blocks of an Android
application.
The following are the four components of an Android application.
Activity:
• Each activity presents a GUI screen of an application. For example,
a chat application might have one activity that allows creating a
chat, another to view the previous chat sessions, etc. Different
activities form a cohesive chat application.
Content providers:
• Content providers are used for reading and writing data that are
either private to an application or shared across applications. By
using the content provider, an application can query or modify the
stored data.
Service:
• A service denotes a background task and not for interacting
through a user interface. For example, a service might play music
in the background while the user is interacting with a different
application.
Broadcast receivers:
• The broadcast receiver responds to broadcast announcements by
an application. For example, a battery monitoring application might
broadcast that the battery is low.

Advantages of Android
• The mobile platform Android is an open platform and can be ported on almost
every type of cell phone.
• The Android SDK to develop applications is possible on every operating
system.
• Android requires a low footprint of 250 KB.

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CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

• The emulator of the Android platform has a modern design and is easy to use.
• Application installation on the emulator/device is possible via Android Debug
Bridge (adb) or via Eclipse (with ADT plug-in)
• Google offers a very good documentation as well as many examples which
cover the most basic and important techniques used to get in touch with
Android and the application development on it.
• Android supports robust libraries for media access, communication and data
transfer.
• Android offers a real database SQLite using which meaningful data
manipulation and data sharing across applications is possible.
• Android has an integrated web browser which gives an experience similar to
web browsing using a desktop PC.
• Android uses the standardized and open programming language Java.

5. Explain android software stack with neat diagram. (15) [APR 2021,22]
Android architecture or Android software stack is categorized into five
Parts: [NOV 2022]
• Linux kernel
• native libraries (middleware),
• Android Runtime
• Application Framework
• Applications

Android architecture refer Figure 5.4

1) Linux kernel
It is the heart of android architecture that exists at the root of android
architecture. Linux kernel is responsible for device drivers, power
management, memory management, device management and resource
access.

2) Native Libraries
On the top of Linux kernel, there are Native libraries such as WebKit, OpenGL,
FreeType, SQLite, Media, C runtime library (libc) etc.
The WebKit library is responsible for browser support, SQLite is for database,
FreeType for font support, Media for playing and recording audio and video
formats.

3) Android Runtime
In android runtime, there are core libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine)
which is responsible to run android application. DVM is like JVM but it is
optimized for mobile devices. It consumes less memory and provides fast
performance.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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Figure 5.4 Android architecture

4) Android Framework
On the top of Native libraries and android runtime, there is android framework.
Android framework includes Android API's such as UI (User Interface),
telephony, resources, locations, Content Providers (data) and package
managers. It provides a lot of classes and interfaces for android application
development.

5) Applications
On the top of android framework, there are applications. All applications such
as home, contact, settings, games, browsers are using android framework that
uses android runtime and libraries. Android runtime and native libraries are
using Linux kernel.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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6. Explain in detail about Mobile Commerce.

Write detailed notes on Mobile Commerce. [May 2017]
What is M-commerce? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of
M-commerce. (5) [Nov 2018]
Key Points
Mobile Commerce - Introduction
Applications of M – Commerce – B2B, B2C.
B2C Applications
• Advertising
• Comparison shopping
• Information about a product
• Mobile ticketing
• Loyalty and payment services
• Interactive advertisements
• Catalogue shopping
B2B Applications
• Ordering and delivery confirmation
• Stock tracking and control
• Supply Chain Management (SCM)
• Mobile inventory management
Mobile Commerce
• Mobile commerce (M-commerce in short) is an important application of mobile
computing.
• Mobile commerce involves carrying out any activity related to buying and
selling of commodities, services, or information using the mobile hand-held
devices.
• The popularity of m-commerce can be traced to the convenience it offers both
to the buyers and sellers.
• An important issue in M-commerce is how payments can be made securely and
rapidly as soon as a buyer decides to make a purchase.

Applications of M-Commerce
M-commerce applications can be broadly categorized into either B2C or B2B.

Evolution of M-commerce
• Money is now an important element of all business and trade.
• In a marketplace, commerce is a function of 4 Ps—Product, Price, Place and
Promotions.
• Different combinations of 4Ps determine the different forms of commerce.
• A small change to two of the Ps, Price and Place, led to the convenience of
getting products at customers’ homes.

Prepared By: Mr. V. MATHAVAN, ASSO.PROF./ CSE, Mr. R. MOHAN, AP/CSE Page 18
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

• When the postal system came into being, sellers found a new avenue and
started using mails to describe their products. It ultimately led to the concept
of “Mail Order Cataloguing”.
• A mail order catalog user buys goods and then sells those goods to the
prospective customers. A mail order catalogue is a list of the goods that the
cataloguer deals with.
• From this point, the evolution of the “Teleshopping” networks was inevitable
with the development of the Internet. The latest generation of commerce is
being done over the Internet.
• “E-Commerce” has emerged as a boundary-less trade medium accelerating
the pace of globalization.
• The Internet has already reached the home of most customers. In this context,
the distribution channel has started to assume a new meaning to the e-
marketer.
• With options of paying online through debit and credit cards, on-line
transactions have become purely electronic.
• In this context, the difference between E-commerce and M-commerce is that
E-commerce is limited to PC users with an Internet connection, while M-
commerce has been adopted by the mobile phone users.

Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Applications

Business-to-consumer (B2C) is a form of commerce in which products or services
are sold by a business firm to a consumer.

A few examples of B2C applications

Advertising
• Using the demographic information collected by the wireless service
providers and based on the current location of a user, a good targeted
advertising can be done.
• The wireless service provider may also keep track of the history of the
purchases made by customers by directing advertisements to mobile
phones.
• Customers may also solicit specific advertisements.
Comparison shopping
• Consumers can use their mobile phones to get a comparative pricing
analysis of a product at different stores and also the prices of the related
products.
• For example, suppose consumers visiting a shop can use their mobile
phones to access a web-based comparison-shopping application.
• By scanning the bar code on a product, the consumer can see the price of
this product at different shops in the adjacent area.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

Information about a product

• Consumers can access additional information about products through their
mobile phones.
• Assume that a consumer buys some medicine in a pharmacy shop, but
cannot read the dosage instructions on the carton given in German and
Spanish languages only.
• The consumer can, however, scan the bar code on the pack using the
mobile device to read the dosage instructions in the English language,
which he knows.
Mobile ticketing
• Mobile phones can be used to purchase movie tickets (called m-tickets)
using credit cards.
• After the payment is received, a unique bar code is sent to the purchaser’s
mobile phone by an SMS.
• The purchase can gain entry to the movie hall by showing the bar code
downloaded into the mobile device to a bar code reader at the entrance.
Loyalty and payment services
• In this application, mobile phones can replace the physical loyalty cards.
Having signed up for a supermarket loyalty scheme, a unique bar code is
sent to a consumer’s mobile phone.
• After shopping at the same supermarket, the consumer shows the bar code
at the cash counter and accumulates points based on the total amount
spent.
• Mobile phones can be used to make payments.
Interactive advertisements
• In an interactive advertisement, customers can scan a bar code in an
advertisement for a product appearing on a TV screen using their mobile
phones.
• By scanning the bar code, the consumer can order the product by invoking
an internet application.
Catalogue shopping
• Mobile phones can be used to place orders for products listed in a
catalogue.
• For example, a consumer might receive a catalogue by SMS from a
catalogue shopping company.
• Each product on sale is accompanied by a unique bar code.
• By scanning the bar codes, the consumer can buy products directly from the
catalogue shopping company.
Business-to-Business (B2B) Applications
• Business-to-business (B2B) is a form of commerce in which products or
services are sold from a company to its dealers.

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Ordering and delivery confirmation

• In this application, mobile phones can be used by dealers to order products.
• The orders can be sent to the supplier in a standard format.
• By scanning the bar code on a product by using the camera of a mobile
phone and specifying the quantity required through a simple application, a
dealer can automatically re-order goods.
• Mobile phones can be used to gather information about the status of
consignments during the transport and delivery process.
• By reading the bar code on a packet using a mobile device, a truck driver
can confirm in real-time that a consignment has been delivered.

Stock tracking and control

• Mobile phones can be used to keep track of the stock in a distributed
inventory system and send updates to a central database.
• By using a mobile phone to scan bar codes or RFID tags on products,
employees can update the stock in real time.
• Mobile phones (as opposed to dedicated mobile scanners already used in
warehouses) are the particularly attractive tools where the stock is stored in
many locations.
• An example of such an application is the stock control of apparel items
warehoused in the various department stores.

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

• Information about the supply chain processes can be made available via
mobile devices.
• By scanning an RFID tag using a mobile phone, it is possible for a manager
or anyone in the supply chain to check information about a product’s state
in the supply chain.
• This kind of accurate information can help manage the business efficiently.

Mobile inventory management

• An interesting new B2B application reported in (Varshney et al., 2000),
envisages a “rolling
• Inventory” consisting of multiple trucks carrying large amounts of goods.
• Whenever a store needs certain goods, it locates the nearest truck to take
delivery of the required goods.
• This reduces the amount of inventory and cost for both the producers and
the retailers.
• It also has the potential to drastically reduce the delivery times and help in
just-in-time delivery of goods.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

7. Explain in detail about the Structure of Mobile Commerce.

Structure of Mobile Commerce
• In mobile commerce, a content provider implements an application by
providing two sets of programs: client-side and server-side.
• The client-side programs run on the micro browsers installed on the users’
mobile devices.
• Figure 5.5 Architecture of a mobile commerce framework.
• The server-side programs, performing database access and computations,
reside on the host computer (servers).

Figure 5.5 Architecture of a mobile commerce framework.

Mobile devices
• Hand-held devices essentially present user interfaces to the mobile users.
The users specify their requests using the appropriate interface programs,
which are then transmitted to the mobile commerce application on the
Internet.
• The results obtained from the mobile commerce application are displayed in
suitable formats.
Features required of a mobile device to enable mobile commerce
To enable mobile commerce to be used widely, a mobile device should provide the
following facilities:
• Good Internet connectivity
• Ability to display rich content such as images
• Have a good quality camera with auto focus
• Screen should be able to properly display the bar codes
• Ability to read the RFID tags
• MMS (Multimedia Message Service), SMS (Short Message Service)
• Ability to communicate between the mobile device and the supporting network
• Ability to scan bar codes
• Ability to interact with the Point-of-Sale (PoS) terminals.
Mobile middleware
• The main purpose of mobile middleware is to seamlessly and transparently
map the Internet content to mobile phones that may sport a wide variety of
operating systems, markup languages, micro browsers, and protocols.
• Most mobile middleware also handles encrypting and decrypting
communication in order to provide secure transactions.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

Network
• Mobile commerce has become possible mainly because of the availability of
wireless networks.
• User requests are delivered either to the closest wireless access point (in a
wireless local area network environment) or to a base station (in a cellular
network environment).
• Wired networks are optional for a mobile commerce system.
• However, host computers (servers) are generally connected to wired
networks such as the Internet.
• So user requests are routed to these servers using transport and/or security
mechanisms provided by wired networks.
Host computers
• Host computers are essentially servers that process and store all the
information needed for mobile commerce applications.
• Most application programs used in the mobile commerce are hosted on these.
• These applications usually consist of three major components:
- web servers, database servers, and application programs and support
software.
• The web servers help interact with the mobile client.
• The database servers store data.
• The application program is the middleware that implements the business logic
of the mobile commerce application.

Pros and Cons of M-Commerce

Pros of M-Commerce
1. For the business organization, the benefits of using M-commerce include
customer convenience, cost savings, and new business opportunities.
2. From the customer’s perspective, M-commerce provides the flexibility of
anytime, anywhere shopping using just a lightweight device. The customer can
save substantial time compared to visiting several stores for identifying the
right product at the lowest price.
3. Mobile devices can be highly personalized, thereby providing an additional
level of convenience to the customers. For example, a repeat order for some
items can be placed at the touch of a button.
Cons of M-Commerce
1. Mobile devices do not generally offer graphics or processing power of a PC. The
users are therefore constrained to use small screen and keyboard and low-
resolution pictures and videos.
2. The small screens of mobile devices limit the complexity of applications. For
example, the menu choice, and text typing capability are severely constrained
3. The underlying network imposes several types of restrictions. For example, the
available bandwidth is severely restricted, and international reach is
prohibitively expensive.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

8. Write the evolution of M-Commerce?

Evolution of M-commerce
• Money is now an important element of all business and trade.
The evolution of currency (money) gave birth to the concept of a
“marketplace”.
• In a marketplace, commerce is a function of 4 Ps—Product, Price, Place and
Promotions.
All these four components play a vital role for a business transaction to take
place.
Different combinations of 4Ps determine the different forms of commerce.
• Once the marketplace came into existence, a few pioneers realized that people
would be ready to pay extra if products could be delivered at the customer’s
doorsteps.
A small change to two of the Ps, Price and Place, led to the convenience of
getting products at customers’ homes.
This concept delighted the customers and thus, the concept of “Street
Vendors” was born.
• When the postal system came into being, sellers found a new avenue and
started using mails to describe their products. It ultimately led to the concept
of “Mail Order Cataloguing”.
A mail order catalogue buys goods and then sells those goods to the
prospective customers. A mail order catalogue is a list of the goods that the
cataloguer deals with.
• From this point, the evolution of the “Teleshopping” networks was inevitable
with the development of the Internet.
The latest generation of commerce is being done over the Internet.
The Internet provides a virtual platform where sellers and buyers can come in
contact for sale and purchase of goods and services, even though they may be
thousands of miles apart, belong to different countries, and might speak
different languages.
• “E-Commerce” has emerged as a boundary-less trade medium accelerating the
pace of globalization.
The Internet has already reached the home of most customers.
In this context, the distribution channel has started to assume a new meaning
to the e-marketer.
• With options of paying online through debit and credit cards, on-line
transactions have become purely electronic.
In this context, the difference between E-commerce and M-commerce is that
E-commerce is limited to PC users with an Internet connection, while M-
commerce has been adopted by the mobile phone users.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

9. Discuss the applications of M-Commerce. (6) [Nov 2016]

Explain the various applications of M-Commerce. (8) [May 2016]
Key Points
• Mobile ticketing
• Mobile vouchers, coupons, and loyalty cards
• Content purchase and delivery
• Location-based services
• Information services
• Mobile Banking
• Mobile brokerage
• Auctions
• Mobile purchase
• Mobile marketing and advertising
The general m-commerce applications are:
1. Mobile ticketing
• Tickets can be sent to mobile phones using a variety of technologies. Users
are then able to use their tickets immediately by presenting their phones at
the venue.
• Tickets can be booked and cancelled on the mobile with the help of simple
application downloads or by accessing WAP portals of various Travel agents or
direct service providers.
• Mobile ticketing for airports, ballparks, and train stations, for example, will not
only streamline unexpected metropolitan traffic surges, but also help users
remotely secure parking spots (even while in their vehicles) and greatly
facilitate mass surveillance at transport hubs.
2. Mobile vouchers, coupons and loyalty cards
• Mobile ticketing technology can also be used for the distribution of
vouchers, coupons and loyalty cards. The voucher, coupon, or loyalty
card is represented by a virtual token that is sent to the mobile phone.
• Presenting a mobile phone with one of these tokens at the point of
sale allows the customer to receive the same benefits as another
customer who has a loyalty card or other paper coupon/voucher.
Mobile delivery enables:
• economy of scale
• quicker and easier delivery
• effective target marketing
• privacy-friendly data mining on consumer behavior
• environment-friendly and resources-saving efficacy
3. Content purchase and delivery
• Currently, mobile content purchase and delivery mainly consists of the sale
of ring-tones, wallpapers, and games for mobile phones.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

• The convergence of mobile phones, mp3 players and video players into a
single device will result in an increase in the purchase and delivery of full-
length music tracks and video.
• Download speeds, if increased to 4G levels, will make it possible to buy a
movie on a mobile device in a couple of seconds, while on the go.
4. Location-based services
Unlike a home PC, the location of the mobile phone user is an important piece
of information used during mobile commerce transactions. Knowing the
location of the user allows for location based services such as:
• local maps
• local offers
• local weather
• people tracking and monitoring
5. Information services
A wide variety of information services can be delivered to mobile phone users
in much the same way as it is delivered to PCs. These services include:
• news services
• stock data
• sports results
• financial records
• traffic data and information
6. Mobile Banking
• Banks and other financial institutions are exploring the use of mobile
commerce to allow their customers to not only access account information,
but also make transactions, e.g., purchasing stocks, remitting money, via
mobile phones and other mobile equipment.
• This service is often referred to as Mobile Banking or M-Banking.
• Net security technology free from redundancy and paradigm shifts away
from mobile web-based banking will be an optimal solution to mobile
banking in the near future.
7. Mobile brokerage
• Stock market services offered via mobile devices have also become more
popular and are known as Mobile Brokerage. They allow the subscriber to
react to market developments in a timely fashion and irrespective of their
physical location.
8. Auctions
• Over the past three years Mobile reverse action solutions have grown in
popularity. Unlike traditional auctions, the reverse auction (or low-bid
auction) bills the consumer's phone each time they place a bid.
• Many mobile PSMS commerce solutions rely on a one-time purchase or
one-time subscription; however, reverse auctions are high return
applications as they allow the consumer to transact over a long period of
time.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

9. Mobile purchase
• Mobile purchase allows customers to shop online at any time in any
location. Customers can browse and order products while using a cheap,
secure payment method.
• Instead of using paper catalogues, retailers can send customers a list of
products that the customer would be interested in, directly to their mobile
device or consumers can visit a mobile version of a retailer's ecommerce
site.
• Additionally, retailers will also be able to track customers at all times and
notify them of discounts at local stores that the customer would be
interested in.
10. Mobile marketing and advertising
• Mobile marketing is an emerging concept, but the speed with which it's
growing its roots is remarkable.
• Mobile marketing is highly responsive sort of marketing campaign,
especially from brands' experience point of view. And almost all brands are
getting higher campaign response rates.
• Corporations are now using m-commerce to expand everything from
services to marketing and advertisement. Although there are currently very
few regulations on the use and abuses of mobile commerce, this will
change in the next few years.
• With the increased use of m-commerce comes increased security. Cell
phone companies are now spending more money to protect their customers
and their information from online intrusions and hackers.

10. Explain in detail about Mobile Payment System.

Explain Mobile Payment Models and security issues. (10) [Nov 2021]
Explain the Mobile Payment schemes and Security issues. [May 2016]
Illustrate the process of Mobile Payment.
[Nov 2017]
Describe mobile payment system. Explain the different payment systems
that are available. (8) [Nov 2018] [NOV 2022]
Explain in detail mobile payment schemes and their security issues. (13)
[Apr 2018]

Key Points
Mobile Payment - evolution of E-payment
Mobile Payment Schemes
(a) Bank account based
(b) Credit card based
(c) Micropayment

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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• Mobile payments are a natural evolution of E-payment schemes.

• A mobile payment (or M-payment) may be defined as any payment instrument
where a mobile device is used to initiate, authorize and confirm an exchange of
financial value in return for goods and services.
• Mobile devices include mobile phones, PDAs, and any other device that
connects to a mobile network for making payments.
• A mobile device can also be used for payment of bills (especially utilities and
insurance premiums) with access to account-based payment instruments such
as electronic funds transfer, Internet banking payments, direct debit and
electronic bill presentment.
• An important issue which influences the establishment of the mobile payment
procedure is the technical infrastructure needed on the customer side.
• Some important problems dogging the M-payment schemes are those of
security, privacy, and guarding against frauds.
• The challenges for providing secure transactions are many and range from
physical theft of a mobile device which can be subsequently used for fraudulent
payments.

Mobile Payment Schemes

Three popular types of M-payment schemes are currently being used:
• Bank account based
• Credit card based
• Micropayment
In each of these approaches, a third-party service provider (bank, credit card
Company, or Telecom Company) makes a payment on the customer’s behalf.

Bank account-based M-payment

• In this scheme, the bank account of the customer is linked to his mobile
phone number.
• When the customer makes an M-payment transaction with a vendor or in a
shopping complex, based on a Bluetooth or wireless LAN connectivity with
the vendor, the bank account of the customer is debited and the value is
credited to the vendor’s account.

Credit card-based M-payment

• In the credit card-based M-payment, the credit card number is linked to the
mobile phone number of the customer.
• When the customer makes an M-payment transaction with a merchant, the
credit card is charged and the value is credited to the merchant’s account.
• Credit card-based solutions have a limitation, being heavily dependent on
the level of penetration of credit cards in a country.
• Currently, the penetration level of credit cards is rather low but is expected
to grow substantially in the coming years.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

Micropayment
• Micropayment is intended for payment for small purchases such as from
vending machines.
• The mobile device can communicate with the vending machine directly using
a Bluetooth or wireless LAN connection to negotiate the payment and then
the micropayment is carried out.
• A customer makes a call to the number of a service provider where the per
call charge is equal to the cost of the vending item.
• Thus, the micropayment scheme is implemented through the cooperation of
the mobile phone operator and a third-party service provider.
• This approach has been used for vending from Coca-Cola machines.

11. Explain in detail about the security issues.

• M-commerce is anticipated to introduce new security and privacy risks beyond
those currently found in E-commerce systems
• Users of mobile devices can be difficult to trace because of roaming of the
users. Also, the mobile devices go on-line and off-line frequently.
• Thus, attacks would be very difficult to trace.
• Another risk unique to the mobile devices is the risk of loss or theft.
• A mobile device that is stolen or has fallen into wrong hands can cause frauds
that are difficult to track and prevent.
• A major problem in this regard is the lack of any satisfactory mechanism to
authenticate a particular user.

12. What is RFID? Explain few applications in which RFID is useful. (6)
[Nov 2016]
• Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) is the use of radio waves to read
and capture information stored on a tag attached to an object. A tag can
be read from up to several feet away and does not need to be within
direct line-of-sight of the reader to be tracked.

Asset Tracking:
• Static or in-motion assets tracking or locating, like a healthcare facility,
wheelchairs or IV pumps in, laptops in a corporation and servers in a
data center, was not so easy task.
• User can instantly determine the general location of tagged assets
anywhere within the facility with the help of active RFID technology.
Control point detection zones at strategic locations throughout the facility
allow the user to define logical zones and monitor high traffic areas.
Tagged assets moving through these control points provide instant
location data.

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CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

• Asset tracking applications will see an almost vertical growth curve in the
coming years and the growth rate in this area will be much higher than
the growth rate of general RFID market.

People Tracking:
• People tracking system are used just as asset tracking system. Hospitals
and jails are most general tracking required places.
• Hospital uses RFID tags for tracking their special patients. In emergency
patient and other essential equipment can easily track. It will be mainly
very useful in mental care hospitals where doctors can track each and
every activity of the patient. Hospitals also use these RFID tags for
locating and tracking all the activities of the newly born babies.
• The best use of the people tracking system will be in jails. It becomes an
easy tracking system to track their inmates. Many jails of different US
states like Michigan, California, and Arizona are already using RFID-
tracking systems to keep a close eye on jail inmates.

Document tracking:
• This is most common problem. Availability of large amount of data and
documents brings lots of problem in document management system. An
RFID document-tracking system saves time and money by substantially
reducing:
o Time spent searching for lost document
o The financial and legal impact associated with losing documents.

Government Library:
• Many government libraries use barcode and electromagnetic strips to track
various assets.
• RFID technology uses for reading these barcodes unlike the self-barcode
reader RFID powered barcode reader can read multiple items
simultaneously.
• This reduces queues and increases the number of customers using self-
check, which in turn will reduce the staff necessary at the circulation desks.

Healthcare:
• Patient safety is a big challenge of healthcare vertical. Reducing medication
errors, meeting new standards, staff shortages, and reducing costs are the
plus points of use of RFID solutions.
• RFID wristbands containing patient records and medication history address
several of these concerns.

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

13. Explain the lifecycle of an Android app development (APR 2021)

Refer Figure 5.6 is a Lifecycle of an Android app development

Figure 5.6 Lifecycle of an Android app development

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

14. Explain the structure of iOS (APR 2021)

Refer Figure 5.7 Structure of iOS

Figure 5.7 Structure of iOS

15. Explain the lifecycle of an iOS app development (APR 2021)
Refer Figure 5.8 lifecycle of an iOS app development

Figure 5.8 lifecycle of an iOS app development

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

ANNA UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS

PART A
1. What are the features of blackberry operating system? [Nov 2018]
Refer Q.No.1
2. Write any two features of windows phone. [Nov 2018]
Refer Q.No.2
3. What is M-Commerce? List its disadvantages? [Apr 2018]
Refer Q.No.3
4. What are the constraints of mobile device OS? [Apr 2018]
Refer Q.No.4
5. What are the special constraints and requirement of Mobile OS? [May 2017]
What are the constraints in Mobile OS? [Nov 2017]
Refer Q.No.3
6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Blackberry OS? [Nov 2017]
Refer Q.No.4
7. Explain the pros and cons of M-Commerce. [May 2017]
8. Define POS. [Nov 2016]
Refer Q.No.7
9. Differentiate E-Commerce and M-Commerce. [Nov 2016]
Refer Q.No.8
10. Give four examples of Mobile OS. [May 2016]
Refer Q.No.9
11. What is M-Commerce? [May 2016]
Refer Q.No.3

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 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

ANNA UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS

PART B
1. Explain various operating systems for Mobile Computing. [May 2017]
2. Write detailed notes on Mobile Commerce. [May 2017]
3. Illustrate the process of Mobile Payment. Compare and contrast Mobile
Payment Schemes. [Nov 2017]
4. Explain Android platform with its features, software stock and SDK.[Nov 2017]
5. Compare and contrast the various Mobile OS. (10) [Nov 2016]
6. Discuss the applications of M-Commerce. (6) [Nov 2016]
7. Explain Mobile Payment Models and security issues. (10) [Nov 2016]
8. What is RFID? Explain few applications in which RFID is useful. (6)[Nov 2016]
9. Explain the components of Mobile Operating Systems. (8) [May 2016]
10. Write short notes on Android SDK. (8) [May 2016]
11. Explain the various applications of M-Commerce. (8) [May 2016]
12. Explain the Mobile Payment schemes and Security issues. (4+4)[May 2016]
13. What are the features of mobile operating system? Explain in detail
about android SDK. (13) [Nov 2018]
14. Describe mobile payment system. Explain the different payment systems that
are available. (8) [Nov 2018]
15. What is M-commerce? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of M-
Commerce. (5) [Nov 2018]
16. Explain android software stack with neat diagram. (15) [Nov 2018]
17. Explain in detail components of iphone operating systems. List the special
Features of a mobile operating system. (13) [Apr 2018]
18. Explain in detail mobile payment schemes and their security issues. (13)
[Apr 2018]

Prepared By: Mr. V. MATHAVAN, ASSO.PROF./ CSE, Mr. R. MOHAN, AP/CSE Page 34
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, APRIL/MAY 2021

PART-A
1. Differentiate native apps and web apps. (Q.No.27)
2. Mention the major protocols involved in mobile payment systems Q.No.28)

PART-B

1. i) Explain the structure of Android OS. (6) (Q.No.5)

ii) Explain the lifecycle of an Android app development. (13) (Q.No.13)
2.i) Explain the structure of iOS. (6) (Q.No.14)
ii) Explain the lifecycle of an iOS app development. (7) (Q.No.15)

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, NOV/DEC 2021

PART-A
1. Enumerate special constraints and requirements of mobile OS. (Q.No.4)
2. Explain the Pros and Cons of M-Commerce. (Q.No.6)

PART-B

1. Illustrate the process of mobile payment. Compare and contrast mobile payment
schemes. (13) (Q.No.10)

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, APRIL/MAY 2022

PART-A
1. What is meant by microkernel operating system? (Q.No.29)
2. List the constraints faced by mobile operating system. (Q.No.4)

PART-B

1. Compare Monolithic design versus microkernel design of an operating system.

(Q.No.1)
2. Explain any three popular mobile operating systems with its software protocol
stack. (Q.No.3, 5)

PART-C

1. Explain the principal functions of the mobile operating system. Discuss how an
example application can be implemented on a mobile device and write the
effectiveness of system services. (Q.No.1)
2. Discuss the architecture of Android operating system. Briefly identify the possible
reasons to improve its market share compared to its peers. (Q.No.5)

Prepared By: Mr. V. MATHAVAN, ASSO.PROF./ CSE, Mr. R. MOHAN, AP/CSE Page 35
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, NOV/DEC 2022

PART-A
1. Write about SDK. (Q.No.10)
2. List any four Mobile OS. (Q.No.9)

PART-B

1. Compare and contrast the various Mobile OS in detail. (Q.No.3)

2. Explain android software stack with suitable diagram. (Q.No.5)

PART-C

1. Elaborate the process followed in Mobile Payment System with different payment
schemes to complete a fund transaction happens between buyer and seller.
(Q.No.10)

Prepared By: Mr. V. MATHAVAN, ASSO.PROF./ CSE, Mr. R. MOHAN, AP/CSE Page 36
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

Prepared By: Mr. V. MATHAVAN, ASSO.PROF./ CSE, Mr. R. MOHAN, AP/CSE Page 37
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

Prepared By: Mr. V. MATHAVAN, ASSO.PROF./ CSE, Mr. R. MOHAN, AP/CSE Page 38
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

Prepared By: Mr. V. MATHAVAN, ASSO.PROF./ CSE, Mr. R. MOHAN, AP/CSE Page 39
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CS8601 – MOBILE COMPUTING UNIT V MEC

Prepared By: Mr. V. MATHAVAN, ASSO.PROF./ CSE, Mr. R. MOHAN, AP/CSE Page 40