1. What does ERP stand for?

A. Enterprise Resource Planning

B. Enterprise Resource Program
C. Electronic Resource Planning
D. Economic Resource Planning
✅ Correct: A
Explanation: ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning, which integrates business
processes into a single system.

2. Which of the following is NOT a typical module of an ERP system?

A. Human Resources
B. Finance and Accounting
C. Email Marketing
D. Supply Chain Management
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: Email marketing is generally not part of core ERP modules; it's part of CRM or
marketing platforms.

3. The primary goal of ERP is to:

A. Reduce the number of employees
B. Improve internal communication only
C. Integrate all business functions into a unified system
D. Replace all hardware systems
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: ERP integrates business processes and data into one system to enhance
efficiency and decision-making.

4. Which of the following is a well-known ERP software vendor?

A. Adobe
B. SAP
C. Zoom
D. Mozilla
✅ Correct: B
Explanation: SAP is one of the leading providers of ERP systems globally.

5. ERP systems are best suited for:

A. Only small businesses
B. Only manufacturing firms
C. All types and sizes of businesses
D. Only government organizations
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: ERP systems can be customized for any size or type of business across
various industries.

6. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of ERP?

A. Increased data accuracy
B. Improved decision-making
 C. Data redundancy
D. Process standardization
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: ERP reduces data redundancy by storing data in a centralized system.

7. The ‘single source of truth’ in ERP refers to:

A. Using only one supplier
B. Having one person in charge
C. Centralized, accurate, and real-time data
D. Encrypted communication
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: ERP systems consolidate all business data into a single, real-time database.

8. Which of the following best describes a “modular” ERP system?

A. It is only for manufacturing
B. It requires extensive coding
C. It allows businesses to choose and implement modules as needed
D. It is cheaper but limited
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: Modular ERP systems allow organizations to select and implement only the
modules they need.

9. One of the challenges in ERP implementation is:

A. Too little customization
B. Resistance to change from employees
C. Too much paper usage
D. Lack of enough vendors
✅ Correct: B
Explanation: Change management is crucial because employees often resist switching to
new systems.

10. Which phase comes first in a typical ERP implementation lifecycle?

A. Testing
B. Go-Live
C. Planning
D. Training
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: The planning phase includes defining objectives, scope, and selecting the
right ERP system.

11. What is cloud computing?

A. A type of web hosting
B. A model for enabling on-demand network access to shared computing resources
C. A new programming language
D. A mobile application platform
✅ Correct: B
Explanation: Cloud computing delivers computing services like servers, storage, databases, and
more over the internet.
12. Which of the following is a major cloud service provider?
A. Oracle
B. IBM
C. Amazon Web Services (AWS)
D. Intel
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: AWS is one of the most widely used cloud service platforms globally.
13. Which of the following is NOT a cloud deployment model?
A. Public Cloud
B. Private Cloud
C. Hybrid Cloud
D. Hardware Cloud
✅ Correct: D
Explanation: "Hardware Cloud" is not a recognized deployment model in cloud computing.
14. IaaS stands for:
A. Internet as a Service
B. Infrastructure as a Service
C. Interface as a Service
D. Integration as a Service
✅ Correct: B
Explanation: IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet.
15. Which of the following is an example of Software as a Service (SaaS)?
A. Microsoft Azure
B. Google Docs
C. VMware vSphere
D. Ubuntu Linux
✅ Correct: B
Explanation: Google Docs is a cloud-based software accessed via a browser, typical of SaaS.
16. What does scalability in cloud computing refer to?
A. Ability to reduce costs
B. Ability to scale data only
C. Ability to increase or decrease resources as needed
D. Ability to change software versions
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: Scalability means adjusting resources dynamically to meet demands.
17. Which cloud model provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage
applications?
A. IaaS
B. PaaS
C. SaaS
D. DRaaS
✅ Correct: B
Explanation: PaaS (Platform as a Service) provides tools and services for application
development.
18. What is the main benefit of using the cloud for disaster recovery?
A. Manual backup storage
 B. Low internet usage
C. Reduced recovery time and cost
D. More power consumption
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: Cloud-based DR offers faster, more cost-effective recovery than traditional
methods.
19. Which of the following is a characteristic of cloud computing?
A. Limited access
B. Pay-per-use pricing
C. On-site infrastructure only
D. No need for internet
✅ Correct: B
Explanation: Cloud services are typically billed on a consumption or pay-as-you-go basis.
20. Which of the following best describes multi-tenancy in cloud computing?
A. Each user has a dedicated server
B. Users share the same physical resources while remaining isolated logically
C. Each tenant has a private cloud
D. No user data is separated
✅ Correct: B
Explanation: Multi-tenancy allows multiple customers to share the same infrastructure
securely.

21. What is Digital Transformation?

A. Replacing employees with robots
B. Using social media for marketing
C. Integrating digital technology into all areas of a business
D. Creating mobile apps for every process
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: Digital transformation involves rethinking business models and processes
using digital technologies.

22.Which of the following is NOT a benefit of digital transformation?

A. Improved operational efficiency
B. Enhanced customer experience
C. Increased data silos
D. Faster decision-making
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: Digital transformation aims to eliminate data silos, not create them.

23.Which technology is often considered a key enabler of digital transformation?

A. Fax machines
B. Blockchain
C. Typewriters
D. Analog cameras
✅ Correct: B
Explanation: Blockchain is used in secure, decentralized digital systems, enabling
transparency and trust.
24.In digital transformation, ‘customer-centricity’ means:
A. Making customer data public
B. Automating only backend systems
C. Designing products and services around customer needs
D. Cutting costs by reducing customer service
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: A customer-centric approach puts customer experience at the heart of
transformation efforts.

25.Which department is most affected by digital transformation?

A. IT only
B. Finance only
C. All departments
D. Only executive leadership
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: Digital transformation affects the entire organization, not just IT or leadership.

26.What is a common obstacle to digital transformation in organizations?

A. Too much funding
B. Employee resistance to change
C. Too much automation
D. Too few meetings
✅ Correct: B
Explanation: Resistance to change is a frequent challenge, requiring effective change
management.

27.Which of the following is an example of digital transformation in retail?

A. Replacing sales staff with cash
B. Introducing self-checkout kiosks and online ordering
C. Installing new air conditioners
D. Offering paper-only receipts
✅ Correct: B
Explanation: Self-checkout and online services are part of digitalizing customer interaction
in retail.

28.How does data analytics support digital transformation?

A. By replacing human decision-making
B. By making reports obsolete
C. By enabling data-driven decisions and insights
D. By deleting old data
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: Analytics help businesses understand trends, customer behavior, and
performance for smarter decisions.

29.Which of the following best describes a "digital-first" mindset?

A. Avoiding face-to-face meetings
B. Prioritizing digital channels and technologies in business strategy
C. Building only desktop software
D. Blocking social media use
✅ Correct: B
 Explanation: A digital-first approach prioritizes digital solutions in strategy, customer
experience, and operations.

30.What role does leadership play in digital transformation?

A. Minimal involvement
B. Only approving budgets
C. Driving vision, culture, and strategy for transformation
D. Outsourcing all technology tasks
✅ Correct: C
Explanation: Successful digital transformation depends on strong leadership driving change
from the top.

31.  In Two-Tier ERP, which approach helps subsidiaries synchronize data with
the corporate Tier 1 system?
a) Manual data entry
b) Middleware or integration platforms
c) Using only spreadsheets for reporting
d) Avoiding data sharing between tiers
Answer: b) Middleware or integration platforms
32.  Which of the following is a risk when implementing a Two-Tier ERP model?
a) Over-standardization of local processes
b) High dependency on a single ERP vendor
c) Complexity in maintaining real-time data synchronization
d) Reduced autonomy for subsidiaries
Answer: c) Complexity in maintaining real-time data synchronization
33.  A company with highly regulated financial reporting requirements across
multiple countries is likely to favour which ERP tier for compliance
management?
a) Tier 1 at headquarters
b) Tier 2 at subsidiaries
c) Both tiers equally
d) Neither, compliance is managed separately
Answer: a) Tier 1 at headquarters
34.  Which scenario best justifies adopting a Two-Tier ERP over a Single-Tier
ERP?
a) A small company with only one office location
b) A global enterprise with diverse local operational needs and centralized financial
reporting
c) A startup looking for a quick ERP solution
d) A business where all processes are uniform across regions
Answer: b) A global enterprise with diverse local operational needs and centralized
financial reporting
35.  In a Two-Tier ERP environment, data consistency between Tier 1 and Tier 2
systems can be ensured through:
a) Running both systems independently
b) Using real-time APIs and data mapping
c) Disabling updates in the Tier 2 system
d) Manually reconciling data every quarter
Answer: b) Using real-time APIs and data mapping
36. What is a Two-Tier ERP system?
a) Using two ERP systems at different companies
b) Using one ERP system across all company levels
c) Using one ERP at headquarters and another at subsidiaries
d) Using ERP software only for accounting purposes
Answer: c) Using one ERP at headquarters and another at subsidiaries
37. Which of the following is a benefit of Two-Tier ERP?
a) Higher implementation cost
b) Less flexibility for local branches
c) Cost-effective for subsidiaries
d) Avoids the need for integration
Answer: c) Cost-effective for subsidiaries
38. In a Two-Tier ERP setup, the Tier 1 ERP is usually implemented at:
a) Subsidiaries and local offices
b) The headquarters or corporate level
c) Only at the vendor’s location
d) Only for customer relationship management
Answer: b) The headquarters or corporate level
39. Which of the following is a common challenge in Two-Tier ERP?
a) Too much standardization
b) Data consistency between tiers
c) Lack of flexibility in local units
d) No need for consolidated reporting
Answer: b) Data consistency between tiers
40. Two-Tier ERP is most suitable for:
a) Small businesses with no branches
b) Large companies with multiple global subsidiaries
c) Companies operating in a single location
d) Freelancers and independent contractors
Answer: b) Large companies with multiple global subsidiaries
41. Which of the following is a common example of a Tier 1 ERP system?
a) Microsoft Excel
b) SAP S/4HANA
c) QuickBooks
d) Zoho Books
Answer: b) SAP S/4HANA
42. One of the main reasons companies adopt Two-Tier ERP is to:
a) Avoid using ERP altogether
b) Reduce operational efficiency
c) Balance global control with local flexibility
d) Limit the use of mobile devices
Answer: c) Balance global control with local flexibility
43. What is the main purpose of Mobile ERP?
a) To restrict ERP access to office desktops only
b) To provide real-time access to ERP systems via mobile devices
c) To replace cloud-based ERP systems
d) To manage only payroll functions
Answer: b) To provide real-time access to ERP systems via mobile devices
44. Which of the following is a key benefit of Mobile ERP?
a) Increases dependency on physical infrastructure
 b) Allows business data access anytime, anywhere
c) Limits user access to reduce workload
d) Requires no internet connection for use
Answer: b) Allows business data access anytime, anywhere
45. One of the challenges of Mobile ERP is:
a) Too much standardization
b) Security risks due to mobile access
c) Reduction in employee productivity
d) No need for updates
Answer: b) Security risks due to mobile access
46. Mobile ERP is commonly integrated with which of the following technologies?
a) Artificial Intelligence (AI)
b) Internet of Things (IoT)
c) Cloud Computing
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
47. Which of the following is not typically a feature of Mobile ERP apps?
a) Real-time notifications
b) Remote data entry
c) On-premise server setup
d) Task approvals
Answer: c) On-premise server setup
48. Mobile ERP is most useful for which type of employees?
a) Those who work only in back-office functions
b) Field staff and remote workers
c) Employees who do not use technology
d) Temporary staff only
Answer: b) Field staff and remote workers
49. Which of the following is an example of a Mobile ERP solution?
a) Google Docs
b) SAP Fiori mobile app
c) WhatsApp Business
d) Adobe Photoshop
Answer: b) SAP Fiori mobile app
50. Mobile ERP can improve customer service by:
a) Delaying order processing
b) Allowing immediate updates and responses from the field
c) Restricting data access to customer records
d) Requiring customers to visit offices for queries
Answer: b) Allowing immediate updates and responses from the field
51. Who is considered the father of Artificial Intelligence?
a) Alan Turing
b) John McCarthy
c) Marvin Minsky
d) Geoffrey Hinton
Answer: b) John McCarthy
52. Which of the following is an application of Artificial Intelligence?
a) Speech recognition
b) Autonomous vehicles
c) Recommendation systems
 d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
53. Which term refers to AI systems that can perform tasks typically requiring
human intelligence?
a) Mechanical engineering
b) Artificial intelligence
c) Software development
d) Cloud computing
Answer: b) Artificial intelligence
54. Machine Learning is a subset of:
a) Data mining
b) Artificial Intelligence
c) Database management
d) Software engineering
Answer: b) Artificial Intelligence
55. Which of these is an example of weak AI?
a) Siri or Alexa
b) A robot with human-level consciousness
c) A machine that can feel emotions
d) A self-aware computer
Answer: a) Siri or Alexa
56. Which algorithm is commonly used in AI for classification problems?
a) Bubble sort
b) Decision tree
c) Quick sort
d) Binary search
Answer: b) Decision tree
57. Which of the following is a programming language commonly used in AI?
a) HTML
b) Python
c) CSS
d) SQL
Answer: b) Python
58. Natural Language Processing (NLP) deals with:
a) Processing images
b) Understanding and generating human language
c) Data compression
d) Managing databases
Answer: b) Understanding and generating human language

59.

2 marks questions
Basis Of IaaS PaaS SaaS

Infrastructure as a
Platform as a service. Software as a service.
Stands for service.

IaaS is used by PaaS is used by SaaS is used by the end

Uses network architects. developers. user.

PaaS gives access to run

IaaS gives access to
time environment to
the resources like SaaS gives access to the
deployment and
virtual machines and end user.
development tools for
virtual storage.
Access application.

It is a service model It is a cloud computing

It is a service model in
that provides model that delivers
cloud computing that
virtualized computing tools that are used for
hosts software to make
resources over the the development of
it available to clients.
Model internet. applications.

There is no requirement
Some knowledge is
It requires technical about technicalities
required for the basic
Technical knowledge. company handles
setup.
understanding. everything.

It is popular among
It is popular among
It is popular among consumers and
developers who focus
developers and companies, such as file
on the development of
researchers. sharing, email, and
apps and scripts.
Popularity networking.

It has about a 27 % rise

It has around a 12% It has around 32%
in the cloud computing
increment. increment.
Percentage rise model.

Used by the skilled Used by mid-level

Used among the users of
developer to develop developers to build
entertainment.
Usage unique applications. applications.
Basis Of IaaS PaaS SaaS

MS Office web,
Amazon Web Services, Facebook, and Google
Facebook and Google
sun, vCloud Express. search engine.
Cloud services. Apps.

Enterprise AWS virtual private

Microsoft Azure. IBM cloud analysis.
services. cloud.

Outsourced
Salesforce Force.com, Gigaspaces. AWS, Terremark
cloud services.

Operating System,
Runtime, Middleware, Data of the application Nothing
User Controls and Application data

It is highly scalable to
It is highly scalable to
It is highly scalable and suit the different
suit the small, mid and
flexible. businesses according to
enterprise level business
Others resources.

What is Digital Transformation?

Digital transformation refers to the strategic adoption of digital technologies to improve processes,
enhance customer experiences, and drive innovation. It’s not just about digitizing existing processes,
but fundamentally rethinking operations and business models.

Key Components of Digital Transformation

1. Technology Adoption – Implementing advanced technologies such as cloud computing,

artificial intelligence, big data, IoT, and automation.

2. Customer-Centric Approach – Enhancing customer experiences through digital tools,

personalization, and seamless interaction across platforms.

3. Cultural Shift – Encouraging a mindset of continuous learning, adaptability, and

collaboration among employees.

4. Process Optimization – Using data analytics and digital workflows to improve efficiency and
decision-making.

5. Business Model Innovation – Leveraging digital tools to create new revenue streams,
services, and market opportunities.

Benefits of Digital Transformation

  Increased efficiency and productivity

 Better customer experience and engagement

 Enhanced data-driven decision-making

 Improved scalability and agility

 Competitive advantage in the market

Challenges in Digital Transformation

 Resistance to change from employees and leadership

 High implementation costs

 Cybersecurity risks and data privacy concerns

 Lack of expertise and digital skills

 Integration issues with legacy systems

Best Practices for Digital Transformation

 Set clear objectives and align them with business goals

 Ensure strong leadership commitment and support

 Invest in digital training and upskilling employees

 Adopt agile methodologies for a phased approach

 Continuously evaluate and refine strategies

3. what is mobile erp

Mobile ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) refers to ERP systems that are accessible via mobile
devices, allowing businesses to manage operations on the go. It provides real-time access to key
business functions such as inventory management, sales tracking, financials, and customer relations
through mobile apps or cloud-based platforms.

Key Benefits of Mobile ERP

 Flexibility & Accessibility – Enables users to work from anywhere with real-time data.

 Improved Productivity – Employees can complete tasks faster without being tied to desktop
systems.

 Better Decision-Making – Instant access to reports, analytics, and business insights.

 Enhanced Customer Experience – Faster response times and seamless communication.

Challenges

 Security concerns and data protection risks

 Dependence on stable internet connectivity

 User training and adoption challenges

4. Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Short Notes

AI refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines, enabling them to perform tasks like
reasoning, learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.

Types of AI

1. Narrow AI (Weak AI) – Specialized in performing specific tasks (e.g., chatbots, voice
assistants).

2. General AI (Strong AI) – Hypothetical AI that can think and learn like a human across various
tasks.

3. Super AI – Future AI with intelligence beyond human capabilities.

Key AI Technologies

 Machine Learning (ML)

 Deep Learning

 Natural Language Processing (NLP)

ML (Machine Learning)

 Definition: Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that focuses on
building systems that can learn from data and improve their performance over time
without being explicitly programmed.

How it works

 ML algorithms use historical data (called training data) to make predictions or decisions.

 As more data is provided, the model learns and becomes more accurate.

Examples

 Spam filters in email

 Recommendation systems (Netflix, Amazon)
 Voice assistants (Siri, Alexa)
 Self-driving cars

Deep Learning

 Definition:
Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning (ML) that uses artificial neural
networks with many layers (called deep networks) to learn from large amounts of
data.
 Key Idea:
Deep learning models try to simulate the way the human brain works in processing
data, recognizing patterns, and making decisions.
How it works

 Uses multiple layers of nodes (neurons) arranged in layers:

o Input layer → Hidden layers → Output layer
 Each layer extracts features and passes them to the next layer.
 Requires large datasets and high computing power (often using GPUs).

Popular Deep Learning Techniques

 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) — for image recognition.

 Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) — for sequence data like speech and text.
 Transformers — for advanced language models (e.g., ChatGPT!).

Examples of Deep Learning

 Facial recognition (Facebook photo tagging)

 Voice assistants (Google Assistant, Alexa)
 Self-driving cars (Tesla's autopilot)
 Language translation (Google Translate)
 Medical diagnosis (detecting diseases from scans)

NLP (Natural Language Processing)

 Definition:
NLP is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that enables computers to understand,
interpret, and generate human language (like English, Hindi, etc.).

 Goal:
To make machines capable of reading, listening, speaking, and writing in human languages.

Key Tasks in NLP

 Text Classification — e.g., spam detection in emails.

 Sentiment Analysis — e.g., finding if a review is positive or negative.

 Machine Translation — e.g., Google Translate.

 Speech Recognition — e.g., converting speech to text.

 Chatbots — e.g., customer service bots.

 Summarization — e.g., shortening long articles automatically.

Techniques Used

 Tokenization: Breaking sentences into words.

 Part-of-Speech Tagging: Identifying nouns, verbs, etc.

 Named Entity Recognition (NER): Finding names, places, dates.

 Parsing: Analysing sentence structure.

  Transformers: Advanced models used in modern NLP (e.g., ChatGPT, BERT).

Examples of NLP in Real Life

 Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant (voice commands)

 ChatGPT (AI chatbots)

 Auto-correct and predictive text on smartphones

 Search engines (Google understanding your query)

 Customer support chatbots

Applications of AI

 Healthcare (diagnostics, robotic surgeries)

 Finance (fraud detection, automated trading)

 Marketing (personalized recommendations)

 Automotive (self-driving cars)

 Customer Service (chatbots and virtual assistants)

Challenges & Concerns

 Ethical concerns (bias, decision-making transparency)

 Job displacement due to automation

 Privacy and security risks

 AI safety and regulation

4. the difference between Single-Tier ERP and Two-Tier ERP:

Two-Tier ERP
Feature Single-Tier ERP

One ERP system used across the Two ERP systems: one for HQ,
Definition
entire organization another for branches

Central (Tier 1) + Local (Tier 2)

Structure Centralized and unified
systems

Cost Higher for large, global rollout More cost-effective for subsidiaries

Less flexible; standardized across all

Flexibility More flexible for local units
units

Implementation
Longer due to scale and complexity Faster at subsidiary level
Time
 Two-Tier ERP
Feature Single-Tier ERP

No integration needed (single Requires integration between Tier 1

Integration
system) and Tier 2

Small to mid-size firms or highly Large, global companies with diverse

Best For
centralized orgs operations