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The document discusses various concepts related to solutions, including boiling point elevation, vapor pressure lowering, and freezing point depression. It introduces Raoult's Law and osmotic pressure, explaining how these principles apply to solutions and their components. Additionally, it covers calculations related to these properties and their implications in chemistry.
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Chap+2= luo
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Bd. Choose the most coxseck.opkion.
D Fi tiascspic comstaat isthe belliagpoket
Glevalian Dien phe Concer ntask SE
luton i
— adam fi
i iii) Cavey pi instant cle pends _on-
—> a) TH wer Kerns oF Solvent:
ivi 2s lad ostadk Fox o.gos CHaBs is
0: ISI mol dre? ote Ot 259° .C.: \lhat is Hye
: 5 2
Lt pexchal pressure OF o:let ath ®
jo 826 MI =
{i
v) Ebulii pis_cemstant is the belting paint
elevation Shen tn ence nation oF solen 4
et. er
a —> | a) tis: —
7
{
a I
tLbra lowering is related
.og--poink sf solukon 2.
DAL the boilin oink oF. liquid ibs vapour,
Sar 2g me
pxessus is equa|._to__obno-
woe aeeach_belling_point_,chesalulien,
andl solvent must be heated to ct bempesahise
Jar Sbick thei petlive apes paces
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iit given fena perc buse bre \apeu
Wppressize oF a Lukioin iis. IpSer than _thak
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preach dt otro tham that oF needed fe
Acapouc p»essume of sslvent+ th Tx
peur press use lowering Cas © wise
jay Isoiling poink oF aiseluheon.
Disiote Roouwlh's 109 fc osolution Camboining
Lo monvolatile Soltike-
The: Vapor prossusc oF o salution can tainin«
Linen = Vololile Sslule sto pes Heron. yeropeashrse
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poe the Sel ent in the soluHon.
i Rooultss lasa ———_|
pe be: —
nis Value iit ne age D)
= Xsolube) + ae
Tew
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Hae _loSesing oF vapeuscpaessuse ia the & Pealon
of the seliHen The texan (P7= P)/p? is
— Called: the Jalive 1 sang FE wapsucn
d
3) Define He Bi bags
1) “Ossmahe pscossuz
=O ssneckic pressime rosy be defined ax
———Ehs_externe| presse hich shad bo
Applied to bh lubom TR od to sip
— tha, pisnamenan of osmosis ive: techn
ithe fy e Went igte jy. nes a
Shen the tNo ore se jennhed fu, i
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u brot Pipe si rast
leculeas or Lens =
pass. ews: ugh, ih pi URE iis oe aati[oo Ga
Sa i = a =
bile ores ble bing bho Tae oF others.
Tsskonic Salu pn
LOTS 9 Oe _eoawce Soluibioms ©exexling the Same
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cs olubon-
Hype. tonic _Solubion-
1 2 NUH oR the has ohighe a hike:
—-Cencentsatisn = rapoccl fe Onolkes Is
| cotled 1 tyosete nic Sslubon:
ink analog
pression oF co Seluhian contain 2g
e onclectrslyte Gnd jks enol lao
The Freezing. -peink_dep jon (ATE) is
i eee reNerere Wa 9 SE
Mais oF sale to Wa9.« of -selvenk = Wesan ee
me maels oF soluits
OX prec.
-
Moss sf selve
—@-$§-- —____Miess oF selves
3 pas Wie /Ma mol
rs ne (le eh
Z Wwa/ loookg
o
ro = deco Wwe wel
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iL
id 7 wil
i iv) Substituting eqn © tin
at We = -tese ke Wie
Ma Wh
a“
he Hence
s PMa= dose ke\la
ATF la.
— oS ail Soe Hoe FelloSing
=) | Te cL peUac pp: « sb As} bec if
. Tees Ho Hook i ithe Mapes paesssusce oF
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er oO 3 : :
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Hf { SPS tes H y a
| BBgi | a
i
a | Mees oF Baler twa) = Bog._Calowation:=
Mo lore mass of Uscet
le tly +25 So —g—pael
Rg-Pa = 2-89 x 18g esl
50g % 60g mol
trend Ho = Pt
mmHg
WW 7ram Hg Pa = OH SIE RM ITM Hg.
“Henne! bg ~ Pa 5. 2°2856 rom Hg
3 Ine big = 2: Saas Soe aE
—— Jo: 71 pone Hig
eer ile ae PRI SSS SBF alaier,
NER DE solubon is Pound: to be
at 5o? C. TE Napa pa Mae
~ Whe isUbstititen of these ee quand
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Si-Bromhg
= 3949. % IG qroot to
hl aan, S22 f f
S29 -03sas 12°54 9 molt} Eas 7
fl Mla. __
“Th = °
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3-0333 ...-
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i
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| 1 = 55 “on.
ele S825 pool TRS O71 eto im
\ tS 1257S = BIVic= Vite IVE SP.
i | Wie = Sig glusese, Wis = Iss- 5= 965.
i a : B
dl M2 5 1Be gi mmele! ATE =
} [Ate = ke x We x tesco i
Wi & Ma i
euke = ATR Wh XMIR is
t i we Wx aBec , =
3 i = 2%95 *B42
TOSSTre = ke x W'2 doce
Wie >< Ro
= laxSxices
gS Io
3B.8ol k-
Free wag} sint of Soluben = Te
= 273 ~- 3s: BZoia2|es-2k- :
4 —Exsezing pelink of ssluticm = 299 2k
hen dissolved in SR: 55-08
eertain solvent deneases jks reezing
toe O:2MNNK, sj esg
2g _paiick
OF cakrs dn cénnpound
x elned im Se cof Pho Some
depresses
MOINS WE
the Erce='
peink by 3-341 Ik
[Calculate Lhe Hnelas sass SF the tok nada
inet -( olorc
nnoss oF urea = Seg mol ),
Unkhe Sin Compound
L SeS.ga
loos ke = (ele x ATR XW
= te og. 241k
\.Go3»
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oe | Mo =1222-559 dk Holt! £12 X1VWN73
4 Ma 5 1222-859 ko melt! |= @7-3.g mol”:
S-FSi
a peat Jing fis! Lhe iveluc OF suges mad glucan
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al The Von Hee Fock Ci ae Seok Hy
= Rae Fipsecticies sliuile oissscine
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Pn ee igce | sucesso) and
tne S non = chealyh macaning Hey
cn cls Reb disse cists inte jonas ken cliccalve
SSE simadl they ceinatn as
J intact moclectles } slublom Since cach
SS SEs S02 ef ox Qisicase (A
ug pack 4 panne Ea = PoncHicle —
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nib l-- Fox
giv os HhMabel he fetes ing pes
Coluros A
Colu ro B |
ii) Ir= CRT
levalion of bailing paint |
iv DAV = Ke po
WI ATe = ke ho
=
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peink:
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th Hoff Factor
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