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The document contains a series of multiple-choice questions related to engineering concepts, specifically for the Nepal Engineering Council License Examination. Topics covered include power sources, soil mechanics, structural analysis, and hydrology, among others. Each question provides four answer options, with a focus on practical applications and theoretical knowledge in engineering.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
570 views24 pagesPast Question 1
The document contains a series of multiple-choice questions related to engineering concepts, specifically for the Nepal Engineering Council License Examination. Topics covered include power sources, soil mechanics, structural analysis, and hydrology, among others. Each question provides four answer options, with a focus on practical applications and theoretical knowledge in engineering.
Uploaded by
HanRo MaharjanCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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BQ
PANA ACADEMY
1) Most reliable power is
(@) Hydroelectric power
(b) Combined system and hydroelectric
power
(©) Wind power
(d) Diese! powered
2) “Cold frontal precipitation” is
(@) Small catchment area with heavy
precipitation
(b) Small catchment area with moderate
precipitation
(©) Large catchment area with heavy
precipitation
(A) Large catchment area with moderate
precipitation
3) Number of professional engineers
registered by the time 2078/12/31
@ 71
(b) 61
(51
(@) 41
4) Quantity of mortar [Link] used per mason
per day
(a) 15 m3
(b) 2.5 ms
(o) 3.5m8
(d) 4.5m?
5) A simply supported beam having
concentrated load at midpoint, the
bending moment diagram is
(a) rectangle
(b) triangle
(c) parabolic
(a) semi-circle
6) The deflection of simply supported beam
at mid-point with point load *w* at its
center is
(a) WL°/3EI
(b) WL3/12E1
(c) WL9/48E1
(d) WL/384E!
Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift (memory Based)
FM: 100 and PM: 50
7) The overlap for a weld connection in
battens should not be less than
(a) 3t
(b) at
(©) 6t
(a) &t
8) The soil which has been acted upon by
stress greater than present stress is
(@) Under consolidated
(b) Over consolidated
(©) Normal consolidated
(@) Pre consolidated
9) Which of the following drainage is not
used in tunnel?
(@) Fore drainage
(b) Tunnel drainage
(c) Permanent drainage
(@) Side drainage
10) When the canal bed is taken over
drainage?
(@ Siphon
(b) Aqueduct
(©) Super passage
(a) Cross
11) The drainage provided to escape water
from water logged area is
(@ Surface drainage
(b) Subsurface drainage
(©) Deep drainage
(d) All of the above
12) A 180-degree elbow pipe of diameter
180Mm discharging water at 0.15 m°/s
Inlet and outlet pressure are200Kpa and
195Kpa. The force exerted by water at
the bend is
(@) 127N
(b) 128N
(©) 125N
(d) 127.8N
1
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar BQ
PANA ACADEMY
13) A nozzle discharging water into the
stationary plate, the force exerted on plate
is
(@ p*A*Q
() p*AeV
(c) p+ V?
@prVxQ
14) The maximum vertical clearance in hill
road for overhanging cliff is
(a) 3m
(b) 4m
(c) 5m
(d) 6m
15) The sieve size used in Los Angle
Abrasion test is
(@) 1.7mm
(b) 2.36 mm
(© 177mm
(@) 1.5mm
16) Which foundation is constructed in group
(a pile
(b) pier
(©) well
(4) caisson
17) The pH value of fresh sewage is usually
(a) Equal to 7
(b) More than 7
(c) Less than 7
(A) Equal to zero
18) Fitting used to connect pipes of different
diameter is
(a) union
(b) nipple
(0) reducer coupling
(A) spigot
19) Scour valve is provided at
(@ At the high points
(b) At the change of direction of pipe
(©) At the low points
Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift (memory Based)
FM: 100 and PM: 50
(a) At the junction of pipes
20) ILD for Shear Force of cantilever beam is
(@) Triangle between free end and fixed
end
(b) Triangle between free end and section
(©) Rectangle between free end and fixed
end
(d) Rectangle between free end and
section
21) E-Coli dies when PH of water is
(7
(b) 65
(85
(95
22) The pressure energy of water is converted
to kinetic energy through nozzle provided
next to runner blade in
(a) Impulse turbine
(b) Reaction turbine
(©) Both (a) and (b)
(@) Kaplan turbine
23) The void ratio of a soil is 0.68 and
specific gravity is 2.68. The critical
gradient for quick sand condition is
(@1
(b) 1.5
(2
@o
24) Specific volume is defined as reciprocal
of
(@) density
(b) specific gravity
(6) relative density
(a) mass
25) “Aggrading channel” is
(a) silting
(b) scouring
(©) regime
(d) meandering
2
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar BQ
PANA ACADEMY
26) If an engineer violates NEC act , from,
subsection 30(b) of Nepal Engineering
Council Act 2055 the punishment is
(a) NRs 2000 fine
(b) NRs 3000 fine
(©) NRs 10000 fine
(d) NRs 25000 fine
27) Nepal Engineer’s Association is
(a) Government body to support NEC
(b) Independent organization of Nepalese
engineers
(©) Private body which works for
betterment of Engineers
(d) Non-government organization
28) EPC stands for
(@) Engineering, Procurement and
Construction
(b) Engineering, Procurement and
Contract
(©) Economic, Profit and Cost
(d) Allof the above
28) The dowel bars are provided to
(a) Resist shear stress
(b) Resist bending stress
(©) Resist frictional stress
(d) Transfer stress from one to another
30) The gauge pressure at the depth of 1m
inside the water is
(@) 9810 MPA
(b) 9810 KPa
(©) 9810 Pa
(d) 1 Bar
31) The perpendicular axis theorem is used to
calculate the Moment of Inertia about
(@) Axis perpendicular to plane
(b) Axis parallel to plane
(©) Axis through centroid
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift (memory Based)
FM: 100 and PM: 50
32) The angle subtended by rigid cone below
foundation with respect to horizontal is
@ ©
(b) 45°
(0) 90° © 2
(d) 45° 12
33) Three pipes are connected in series then
(a) Head loss is same for all
(b) Discharge is same for all
(©) Friction factor is same for all
(d) Velocity is same for all
34) A circular shaft is acted by a torsion, the
stress at the center of shaft is
(a) Zero
(b) Maximum
(©) Minimum
(@) Infinite
35) For a simply supported beam, a neutral
axis is
(a) Where stress is zero
(b) Where stress is maximum
(©) Bending moment zero and shear force
maximum
(d) Bending moment maximum and shear
force zero
36) For a simply supported beam of effective
span 10m, the normal span to depth ratio
is
@6
(b) 20
(© 26
(d) 30
37) In slope deflection method, the slope and
deflection of joints are computed using
(@) Rigidity of joint
(b) Elasticity of joint
(©) Equilibrium of structure
(d) Equilibrium of joint
3
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar BQ
PANA ACADEMY
38) Earthquake resistant design for low
strength masonry is from building code
(@) NBC-202
(b) NBC-203
(©) NBC-204
(d) NBC-205,
39) The law that governs the standards of
construction of structural and non-
structural buildings in Nepal
(@) Building by laws
(b) Building Code
(©) Environment regulation act
(d) None of the above
40) The livestock demand should not exceed
-.+ OF the total domestic demand
(@) 20%
(b) 30%
(©) 40%
(d) 50%
41) The process of determining the fair price,
or value is
(@) Depreciation
(6) Inflation
(©) Valuation
(d) All of the above
42) Double mass curve technique is used for
checking the
(a) Consistency of a record
(b) Inconsistency of a record
(©) Both (a) and (b)
(4) None of these
43) The capacity of irrigation canal is
determined by
(a) Kor water depth (Rabi)
(b) Kor water depth (Khariff)
(©) Average irrigation depth (Rabi)
(d) Average irrigation depth (Khariff)
Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift (memory Based)
FM: 100 and PM: 50
44) The head loss is minimum in
(@) Broad crested weir
(b) Narrow crested weir
(©) Oggee shaped weir
(d) Sharp crested weir
45) Completion of an activity on CPM.
network diagram, is generally known
(@) Event
(b) Node
(©) Connector
(d) All of the above
46) The weir constructed such that the weight
of structure is completely balanced by
upward seepage force of water?
(@) Gravity weir
(b) Non-gravity weir
(©) Glacis weir
(d) None of the above
47) In traffic engineering, clearance time is
indicated by
(@) Red
(b) Green
(©) Amber
(a) White
48) The bitumen layer spread over old
pavement to bind newer pavement
together is
(@) Seal coat
(b) Prime coat
(c) Tack coat
(@ Allof the above
49) The term (i+1)"
(@) Single payment discount amount
factor
(b) Single payment compound amount
factor
(©) Both aandb
(a) All
4
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar BQ
PANA ACADEMY
50) In traffic engineering, clearance time is
indicated by
(@) Red
(b) Green
(©) Amber
(a) White
51) The permissible stress to which a
structural member can be subjected to, is
known as
(2) bearing stress
(b) working stress
(c) tensile stress
(d) compressive stress
52) The shape factor of standard rolled beam
section varies from
(@) 1.10 to 1.20
(b) 1.20 to 1.30
(©) 1.30 to 1.40
(d) 1.40 to 1.50
53) The equivalent length is of a column of
length L having both the ends fixed, is
(a) 2L
QL
(©) Li2
(@ Ln
54) Isohyets are the imaginary lines joining
the points of equal
(@) Pressure
(b) Height
(©) Humidity
(d) Rainfall
55) The pressure at a point in a fluid will not
be same in all directions when the fluid is
(@) Moving
(b) Viscous
(©) Viscous and static
(d) Viscous and moving
Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift (memory Based)
FM: 100 and PM: 50
56) The maximum water content at which a
reduction in water content doesn’t cause a
decrease in volume of a soil mass, is
known as
(@) Liquid limit
(b) Plastic limit
(©) Shrinkage limit
(a) Permeability limit
57) The radius of curvature of the arc of the
bubble tube is generally kept
(@) 10m
(b) 25m
(50m
(a) 100m
58) The coefficient of curvature for a well
graded soil must be between
(@—) 05to1
(b) 1.0103.0
(©) 301040
(d) 4.0105.0
'59) The out turn of brickwork with cement
mortar in foundation is
(@) 1.25 m?
(b) 25m?
(c) 3.5m
(@) 4.5m?
60) A body is subjected to a direct tensile
stress of 300 MPa in one plane
accompanied by a simple shear stress of
200 MPa. The maximum normal stress on
the plane will be
(@) 300 MPa
(b) 350 MPa
(©) 400 Mpa
(d) 450 MPa
61) The void ratio of a soil is 0.68 and
specific gravity is 2.68. The critical
gradient for quick sand condition Is
@15
(b) 10
(20
(ao
5
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar BQ
PANA ACADEMY
62) The readings taken during traversing
using total station are
(a) Horizontal angle, Vertical angle,
Horizontal distance, vertical distance
(b) Horizontal angle, Vertical angle,
Horizontal distance, vertical distance,
station height
(©) Horizontal angle, Vertical angle,
Horizontal distance, station height
(d) Horizontal angle, Horizontal distance,
vertical distance, station height,
height of instrument
63) In a three hinged arch with supports at
different height hi. and h2, load W Is
acting at the center of arch. If Lis the
length of the span, find the horizontal
thrust.
(@) WLW (hi? he?)
(b) WL2/2 (vhi+ Vho)?
(c) WLI (hit ha)?
(a) WL (hi? he?)
64) A cantilever beam 2m long is subjected to
a point load of 2.4KN at its free end. The
size of the beam Is 40mm x 60mm. Find
the stress during collapse of beam.
(a) 180 N/mm?
(b) 200 Nimm?
(©) 160 Nimm?
(d) 220 Nimm?
65) Water is flowing at 1 m/sec through a
pipe of 10cm diameter with a right-angle
bend. The force in Newton exerted on the
bend by water is
@ dn? N
(b) EN
(ZN
(@) SN
Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift (memory Based)
FM: 100 and PM: 50
66) The force exerted by a jet of water on a
stationary vertical plate in the direction of
jetis
(@) pav
(b) pav?
(©) pav'r2
(a) none of these
67) A hydropower run sat 20MW In certain
season. If peaking Is done, the plant Is
able to run at 40MW for 6 hours peaking
period and 10 MW for remaining off peak
hours. What Is the benefit for peaking If
power rate IsRs.12/KWh for peak period
and Rs.6/KWh for off peak hour?
(a) Rs 280000
(b) Rs 360000
(©) Rs 108000
(a) Rs 300000
68) What will be the sludge volume Index
(V1) If 100 ml of sludge collected in 30
minutes on drying weighs 800mg?
(@ 115
(b) 78
(© 125
(A) 100
69) If the subgrade soil has a bearing load
1370Kg at 2.5 mm penetration, the load
sustained by soil is 64,6kg. what will be
the CBR value?
(@) 10.3%
(b) 4.71%
(© 6.67%
(5.4%
70) The tractive force ratio for regime canal
with angle of repose 36° and side slope
30° Is
(@) 0.48
(b) 0.69
(©) 0.35
(a) 0.53
6
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar BQ
PANA ACADEMY
71) In a wide rectangular channel, the normal
depth is increased by 20%. The discharge
In the channel would increase by
(@) 20%
(b) 26%
(©) 36%
(a) 56%
72) A moist soil sample weighing 108 g has a
volume of 60 ce. If water content Is 25%
and value of G = 2.52, the void ratio Is
(@) 0.55
(b) 0.65
(9) 0.75
(a) 0.80
73) The bearings of the lines AB and BC are
146°30' and 68°30’. The Included angle
ABC Is
(a) 102°
(b) 78°
(0 48°
(d) None of these
74) Water flows through a circular tube with
a velocity of 2 mis. The diameter of the
pipe Is 14 cm, Take kinematic viscosity
of water 10-6 m/s and density of water
1000 kg/m"
(@) 28x 10°
(b) 28 x 10°
(©) 2800
(a) 28000
75) A body Is subjected to a tensile stress of
1200 MPa on one plane and another
tensile stress of 600 MPa on a plane at
right angles to the former. It Is also
subjected to a shear stress of 400 MPa on
the same planes. The maximum normal
stress and shear stress will be
(@) 400 Mpa,500Mpa
(b) 500 Mpa,1400Mpa
(©) 900 Mpa, 1400Mpa
(@) 1400 Mpa,500Mpa
Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift (memory Based)
FM: 100 and PM: 50
76) Ifthe effective working time is 7 hours
and per batch time of concrete Is 3
minutes, the output of a concrete mixer of
150-Iter capacity, Is
(@) 15,900 liters
(b) 16,900 liters
(©) 17,900 liters
(a) 18,900 liters
77) In slow sand filters, the turbidity of raw
water can be removed only up to
(a) 60 mg/l
(b) 75 mg/l
(©) 100 mgt
(a) 150 mg/l
78) If the Irrigation Efficiency Is 80%,
conveyance losses are 20% and the actual
depth of watering is 16 cm, the depth of
water required at the canal outlet, is
(@) 10cm
(b) 15 cm
(c) 20cm
(@) 25 om
79) If the coefficient of friction on the road
surface Is 0.15 and a maximum super-
elevation 1 In 15 Is provided, the
maximum speed of the vehicles on a
curve of 100-meter radius, is
(@) 32.44 km/hour
(b) 42.44 km/hour
(©) 52.44 km/hour
(a) 62.44 km/hour
80) The expected time for PERT event will
be... If pessimistic time, optimistic time
and most likely time is 10 days, 2 days
and 3 days
(a) 3 days
(b) 4 days
(©) 5 days
(A) 6 days
7
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar Bo Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift Explanation
PANA ACADEMY
1b
FM: 100 and PM: 50
Hydroelectric power is generally considered very reliable because it is not dependent on weather
conditions like wind power or solar power. Combining it with other forms of power generation can
enhance reliability further by diversifying the sources and mitigating potential issues specific to each.
individual type of power generation.
2a
Cold frontal precipitation typically occurs over a relatively small geographic area but can bring intense
and heavy rainfall due to the rapid lifting of warm, moist air over the advancing cold front. This contrasts
with warm frontal precipitation, which tends to cover a larger area but produces lighter and more
prolonged precipi
3b
tion.
ad
Expected
Particulars of Item
out-turn (m3)
‘Cement concrete ([Link] 5.0
4)
Lime conerete in
foundation 850
Reinforced Brick work 1.00
[Link] work 3.00
Brickwork in lime or
cement mortar in 125
foundation and Plinth
5. b
6
a-—l
PL?
v2 v2 Ye = BET on
1
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar Bo Nepal Engineering Count
License Examination
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift Explanation
PANA ACADEMY FIM: 100 and PM: 50
a
10. b
‘An aqueduct is a structure that carries water over a canal, river, or other watercourse, allowing
the canal bed to continue uninterrupted beneath. In other words, it provides a passage for water
over the canal bed or other drainage without obstructing it.
Let's briefly define the other terms for clarity:
ad
a
Siphon: A siphon is a pipe or tube that allows liquid to flow from a higher level to a
lower level, typically over an obstacle, without the need for a pump.
‘Super passage: This term isn’t commonly used in civil engineering contexts. It might
refer to a structure that allows passage over something, but it's not specific to canal beds
or drainage.
Cross: This could refer to a culvert or bridge structure that allows passage across a
drainage channel, but it doesn't specifically relate to a canal bed being taken over
drainage.
2
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar License Examination
a Nepal Engineering Coun
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift Explanation
PANA ACADEMY FIM: 100 and PM: 50
ad
14.¢
15.6
Sieves: Including IS Sieves with the following mesh sizes - 1.70mm, 2.36mm, 4.75mm, 6.3mm, 10mm,
12.5mm, 20mm, 25mm, 40mm, SOmm, 63mm, and 8Omm.
16.4
17.b
Raw sewage has a pH! between 7.3 and 7.5, making it somewhat alkaline. However, with time, bacterial
acid production causes the pH value to drop, and the sewage to become more acidic.
18.¢
19.6
Scour valves are installed at the lowest points in a pipeline system. Their primary purpose is to allow for
the flushing or scouring of sediment, debris, or air pockets that may accumulate over time within the
pipeline. By placing the scour valve at the low points, it ensures that any accumulated material can be
easily flushed out by opening the valve, thus maintaining the efficiency and integrity of the pipeline.
20.¢
2d
3
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar Bo Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift Explanation
PANA ACADEMY FIM: 100 and PM: 50
E. coli bacteria are more likely to survive and thrive in neutral to slightly acidic environments. As the pH
of water becomes more alkaline (basic), €. coli bacteria are less able to survive, Therefore, option (d) 9.5,
is the correct answer, indicating that E. coli dies when the pH of water reaches or exceeds 9.5.
2a
In an impulse turbine, such as a Pelton turbine, water enters the turbine through a nozzle at high
pressure, The nozzle directs the water jet onto the buckets (or cups) of the turbine runner, converting
the pressure energy of the water into kinetic energy. This high-velocity jet impacts the buckets, causing
the turbine to rotate and generate mechanical energy.
In contrast:
Reaction turbines (such as Francis and Kaplan turbines) convert both pressure energy and kinetic energy
of water. However, they do not use a nozzle to convert pressure energy directly to kinetic energy next to
the runner blade in the same manner as impulse turbines.
Kaplan turbine is a type of reaction turbine where the water flows through the runner blades and
pressure energy is gradually converted to kinetic energy as the water passes through the turbine.
23.8
2 ic={G-1)/(14+e)=(
24. a
Specific volume is the volume occupied by a unit mass of a substance. Its the reciprocal of density,
given by v= 1/p,
25.a
Aggrading Rivers:
.68-1)/(1+0.68)=1
+ These rivers collect sediments and build up its bed by silting.
‘As the siting process goes on, the bed slope of aggrading rivers get increased, which is shown below.
Final bed
{Be of river
Original inadequate
Be slope"
+ Aggrading rivers also known as Accreting Rivers
# \mportant Points
«The rivers which displaces sediment and carry on seauring are known as degrading rivers.
The river which curves and bends back and forth across the landscape and swings from side to side is
called meandering rivers and this process is known as meandering,
+ In the absence of rain, many seasonal rivers show depletion in flow in the dry season because the source of
water starts depleting,
26.¢
NEC section 30 describes punishments for offences
30 subsection(1) says no one should do engineering jobs without license
30 subsection(2) says the punishment for violating 30 a is upto Rs 10000 or upto 3 months in prison
or both (It is punishment for person without license.) (It used to be Rs 3000 instead of Rs 10000 on
initial act)
30 subsection(3) says punishment for offenders with license is upto Rs 25000. It is punishment for
every offence not included in 30 b . (It used to be Rs 3000 instead of Rs 2000 on initial act)
27.b
4
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar Bo Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift Explanation
PANA ACADEMY FIM: 100 and PM: 50
‘Nepal Engineers’ Association (NEA) is an independent nonprofit organization of Nepalese engineers,
registered under the Social Service Act of the Government of Nepal. It was established in 1962,
28a
29.d
They help in load transfer across joints in concrete pavements and other structures,
30.¢
Gauge pressure intensity at any point in a fluid at rest is given as:
P= gh
Here
1p = mass density of the fluid
g = acceleration due to gravity
h=
eight of fluid measured from the free surface.
The gauge pressure at a depth of 1 m below the free surface of a body of water is calculated as
P= 1000 x 981x1
P = 9810 N/m?
We know that
1Pa=1N/m?
+P=9810Pa
31a
‘The perpendicular axis theorem states that the moment of inertia of a planar body about an axis
perpendicular to the plane of the body is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia of the body about
two mutually perpendicular axes lying in the plane of the body and intersecting at the point where the
perpendicular axis passes through the plane of the body
32.4
33.
5
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar g Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift Explanation
PANA ACADEMY FIM: 100 and PM: 50
Pipes in series:
Pipes in series or compound pipes are defined as the pipes of different lengths and different diameters
connected end to end (in series) to form a pipeline.
Pipes in series
‘© Discharge though each pipe is same
‘= The total loss of energy or head loss will be the sum of the losses in each pipe
Pipes in parallel:
If a main pipe divides into two or more branches and again join together downstream to form a single pipe, then
the branched pipes are said to be connected in patallel (compound pipes).
Pipes in paralle!
1
— ll
ee
3
Quan = Q)+ Q:+ Qs
hu=hi=hy
'* The rate of flow in the main pipe is equal to the sum of rate of flow through branch pipes
‘The loss of head for each branch pipe is same
series to increase the pressure at the same discharge and pipes are connected in
«: Pipes are connectes
increase the discharge at the same pressure.
parallel to each oth
34a
torsion is directly proportional to the radius, at center radius will be zero.
35.8
The neutral axis of a beam is the axis within the beam where the longitudinal stress is zero.
In a simply supported beam under bending, the top fibers of the beam are in compression while the
bottom fibers are in tension.
At the neutral axis, which typically lies along the centroid of the cross-section of the beam, the stress is
zero because it experiences neither tension nor compression.
36.b
37
38
39
40
41
2
6
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar Bo Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift Explanation
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The double- mass curve is used to check the consistency of many kinds of hydrologic data by
comparing date for a single station with that of a pattern composed of the data from several ather
stations in the area. The double-mass curve can be used to adjust inconsistent precipitation data.
43.b
Kor water depth (Khariff)
44. a
Broad crested weirs are constructed in rectangular shape only and are suitable for larger flows. Hence,
head loss is less.
45.4
Ina CPM network diagram, an event , node , connector represents a point in time when an activity
starts or finishes,
46.8
In Gravity weir, the weight of the weir balances the uplift pressure caused by the seepage water. In non-
gravity weirs, the weight of the concrete slab and the divide piers together keep the structure safe
against the uplift.
47.¢
48.6
Tack coat:
Bituminous tack coat is the application of bituminous material over an existing pavement surface which is
relatively impervious like an existing bituminous surface or cement concrete pavement or a pervious surface like
WBM which has already been treated by a prime coat.
Seal coat:
Seal coat in a bituminous road is a misture of coarse sand and bitumen, Seal coat serves to seal the top of the
‘asphalt, preventing water from penetrating the surface of the pavement and protecting the top layer of asphalt
from oxidation and wear caused by exposure to the sun and ai. Seal coat also beauties the pavement by
providing a smooth, black, even surface ideal for painting lines and sweeping.
Prime coat:
Its the first application of low viscosity liquid bituminous material over an existing porous or absorbent
pavement surface like the WBM base course
‘The main objective of priming isto plug in the capillary voids of the porous surface and to bond the loost
mineral particles on the existing surface using a binder of low viscosity which can penetrate into the voids.
49.4
When we convert future amount to present amount we multiply by (1 + £)-” . As we are converting
from future to present is [Link] it is a discounting factor. Where as (1 + é)""is a compounding
factor.
50.¢
in some places yellow and blue color also used.
51.b
Compressive stress is the internal stress caused by the compressive forces. This stress tries to buckle the
material. Tensile stress is the internal stress caused by the tensile forces. This stress tries to tear apart
the material. The permissible stress to which a structural member can withstand under service
conditions is called working stress.
52a
7
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Shape Factor:
mine tneee
se
‘The shape factor of the standard rolled beam aectlon varies from 1.10 t0 1.20
itivaifoncilon of wreeeseestlerrerahape and repraserand byt
‘Shape Factor for different section
1G OL] ©
12014 1.27 1s
——|
LX “TT
2.34 18
“Bimportant Point
53.¢
_— : ; ' dy
L [
ig iLiad
Buckling © 2° EE 4x7El (2.0450? EE x? ET BL
Load
c c vc ae P
Effective
L 0.5L 0.6991 2L L
Length
54.d
8
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Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift Explanation
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Name of | Points of
the line equal
Isohyets Rainfall
Contour | Elevation
Isoclinic Dip
Isogonic_| Magnetic
declination
Isobars Pressure
Isohume | Humidity
Isotherm | Temperatur
Isohel__ | Duration of
sunshine
55.d
Viscous fluid: Viscous fluids resist flow and have internal friction
Moving fluid: When a fluid is in motion, different layers or particles of the fluid can move at different
velocities, causing shearing forces within the fluid.
56.¢
'* Shrinkage limit: The shrinkage limit of a soil is defined as the maximum water content at which
a reduction in water content does not cause a decrease in volume of the soil mass upon drying.
Below this water content, any further reduction in water content will lead to a decrease in
volume (shrinkage) of the soil mass.
‘© Liquid limit: The liquid limit of a soil is the moisture content at which the soil changes from a
plastic to a liquid state. It is determined by standardized laboratory tests.
‘* Plastic limit: The plastic limit is the water content at which the soil mass changes from a plastic
to a semi-solid state and begins to crumble when rolled into a thread of 3 mm diameter.
‘* Permeability limit: This term is not commonly used in soil mechanics terminology. Permeabili
refers to the ability of a soil to transmit fluids through it, typically water. There isn't @ defined
"permeability limit" related to soil volume change due to water content variation.
s7.d
58. b
In addition to this coefficient of uniformity (Cu) must be greater than 4 for gravels and greater than 6 for
sands.
59a
9
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g Nepal Engineering Count
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Expected
Particulars of Item
out-turn (m3)
Cement concrete (1:2
4) 50
Lime concrete in
foundation 8.90
Reinforced Brick work 1.00
R.C.C work 3.00
Brickwork in lime or
cement mortar in 1.25
foundation and Plinth
60.¢
The maximum and minimum normal stress id given by
7
oxt0y 2
Omaz, min = H+ y/ (HS) +72,
Where, o, and oy are direct stress and yy is the shear stress
Calculation:
Given, Direct stress 0, = 300 MPa, Ty = 200 MPa
Now maximum normal stress
+ iex(G-1)/(L+e)=(2.68-1)/(140.68)=1
Remember Critical gradient is always one.
62. b
63.b
64.
flexure formula can be written as: 6 = My/I or M/I= E/R = o/y
o=My/l
M=2*2.4*103=4,8*103Nm=4.8*106Nmm
Y=60/2=30mm,
10
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar Bo Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
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1=bd3/12=40*603/12=720000mm4
On solving,
= 200N/mm2=0.2 KN/mm?
65.4
F= pAV? Put the value of density, area and velocity then you will get F=5/2* 7 N
66.b
Fe pav?
67.
() Calculate energy generated during peaking period:
* Peak period (6 hours): Energy generated = Capacity x Time = 40 MW x 6 hours = 240
MWh
‘© Off-peak period (18 hours): Energy generated = Capacity * Ti
180 MWh
= 10 MW x 18 hours =
( Calculate revenue from peaking period:
Peak period revenue: Revenue = Energy generated x Rate = 240 MWh x Rs. 12/kWh =
Rs. 2,880,000
Calculate revenue from off-peak hours:
‘© Off-peak period revenue: Revenue = Energy generated x Rate = 180 MWh x Rs. 6/kWh
= Rs. 1,080,000
(1 Calculate total revenue with peaking:
Total revenue = Peak period revenue + Off-peak period revenue Total revenue = Rs. 2,880,000 +
Rs. 1,080,000 Total revenue = Rs. 3,960,000
1 Calculate total revenue without peaking:
‘* Base capacity revenue (24 hours): Energy generated = Capacity x Time = 20 MW x 24
hours = 480 MWh Revenue = Energy generated x Rate = 480 MWh x Rs, 6/kWh = Rs.
2,880,000
() Calculate benefit of peaking:
Benefit of peaking = Total revenue with peaking - Total revenue without peaking Benefit of
peaking = Rs. 3,960,000 - Rs, 2,880,000 Benefit of peaking = Rs. 1,080,000
68.¢
1
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Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift Explanation
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Sludge volume index is the volume occupied in mL by one gm of solids in the mixed
liquor after settling for 30 minutes.
The recommended value of the Sludge Volume Index (SVI) for municipal sewage is
approximately lies in the range of 80 to 150.
Sludge volume index = Yotme gf med sede
Calculation:
Given,
Volume of settled sludge = 100 ml, Drying weight (MLSS) = 800 mg
__ 1 .
SVI = sp xca0 Ml/gram
SVI = 125 ml/gram
69.b
12
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Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift Explanation
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CCAR testis a strength test conducted on the soil by introducing surcharge load at the
compaction rate of 1.25 mm per minute on a completely soaked soil sample passing
through 20 mm sieve size.
= Py ofa
OBRs = pyarwandant erahe aggegats * 100
& = displacement in mm.
Ps = Load corresponding to ‘6’ settlement
, = Load for standard crushed aggregate:
6 (um)Psca (ka))Psca ‘karen
25 | 1370 70
5 | 2055 105
IFCBR 25 > CBR 5 ~ Test Accepted
IF CBR 5 > CBR 2.5 ~ Test Repeated
And higher value is recorded
Calculation:
(CBR)» sm = Feticg * 100
(CBR),,, = $5 x 100 = 4.71%
So, CBR value will be 4.74 %
70.4
The
13
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar g Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
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For wide rectangular channel 8 >>y, where 8 = width of the channel and y = depth of
flow.
R = Hydraulic Radius of channel = A/P where A = area of flow and P = wetted perimeter
So Hydraulic radius (R) = 3345 = y (B + 2y will be mostly equal to B, as B>>y)
Discharge in a channel according to manning's formula,
Q= (2) x Ax RP SH?
Where S = Slope of the channel
HereA=Bxy,R=y
So Q= (1/n) x B x y x y2/3 x $V2 = (1/n) x B x y53 x SV2
tion:
Here depth is increased by 20%, so y will be 1.2y.
The discharge will be increase by 1.25/3 which is equal to 1.36 of initial discharge.
So percentage increase = ((1.36-1)/1) x 100 = 36%
=>1te = 1.75,
= 0.75,
14
PANA ACADEMY: NEC License Exam Preparation; Contact: 9851342670, 9808100083, Maitighar Bo Nepal Engineering Council License Examination
Date and Time: Mangsir 24, 2080 first Shift Explanation
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From the above figure,
