Chapter 1

The term ‘Computer’ has been derived from the word,

‘______compute_____’ which means to calculate; but a computer is not
limited to perform only ______calculations_____. A computer is a
_____versatile______ device that can handle many different applications
at the same time.

History of computers

The need to keep a track of the numbers, led to the invention of the
different calculating devices. Right from ______abacus_____ (the first
counting device), many devices were invented, leading to the
development of the computers.

Early calculating devices

Various calculating devices were invented in the history. Some of them

are as follows:

Abacus

_____Abacus______ was the first mechanical device invented for doing

the calculations. It was developed in China.

It was made up of a wooden frame consisting of rods, each having

_____beads______.

The frame is divided into two parts- ______Heaven_____ and

______Earth_____

Each rod in Heaven has _____two______ beads and each rod in Earth
has _____five______ beads.

It was used for addition, subtraction, ______multiplication_____ and

division.

Pascal’s adding machine

In 1642, ______Blaise Pascal_____, a French mathematician, invented

the first mechanical calculator, called Pascal’s calculator or
______Pascaline_____.

It used ______gears_____, wheels and dials.

The numbers were displayed by rotating the wheels. It was capable of

performing _____addition______ and ______subtraction_____.

The _____gear______ principle was further employed in many

mechanical calculators.
 A ______taxi meter_____ is a perfect example of a mechanical
calculator.

Leibniz calculator

_____Leibniz______ , the famous German mathematician, invented a

mechanical device called the ______Leibniz Calculator_____, in 1671. It
was an improvisation on Pascal’s machine.

Apart from performing addition and subtraction, the Leibniz calculator

could even do multiplication, division, and find ______square roots_____.

Difference Engine and Analytical engine

______Charles Babbage_____, a British mathematician, is considered as

the father of computers.

He invented a working model of the mechanical computer, called the

______Difference Engine_____ in 1822 and Analytical Engine in
______1833_____.

The Analytical Engine had four units-______mill_____, ______store_____,

______reader_____ and ______printer_____.

These units worked like a modern computer. All the computers that are
used nowadays, are based on them.

The mill was the ______calculating_____ device, the store was the
______storage_____ unit, the reader and printer were the
______input_____ and ______output_____ devices.

Tabulating Machine

_____Herman Hollerith______, an American statistician, invented a

machine called the Tabulating Machine.

It was capable of reading data, processing it, and giving the desired
output.

The input was given through the _____Punched cards______.

The punched cards were used to _____record______ and store data or

information.

Early computers.

Some of the early computers are discussed below:

Mark I
______Howard Aiken_____ was the primary engineer in IBM. He
developed the first ______Automatic Sequence Controlled
Calculator_____, the Mark I in 1944.

It was capable of executing long ______computations_____

automatically.

ENIAC

_____ Electrical Numerical Integrator and Computer______ (ENIAC), the

first general purpose electronic digital computer was invented by
_____J Presper Eckert______ and _____John Mauchly______ in 1946.

It consisted of _____18000______ vacuum tubes and was 1000 times

faster than the _____MARK - I______. It could add two large numbers in
_____200 microseconds______.

EDVAC

______Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer_____ (EDVAC)

is a modern type of computer that came into existence with ______John
von Neumann’s_____ development of software. It was written in
______binary code_____.

It was ______John von Neumann_____ who started the practice of

storing data and instructions in a binary code, in the
______memory_____.

Neumann joined the hands with ______J Presper Eckert_____ and

______John Mauchly_____ in a consulting role and EDVAC was built using
the _____binary code______ in 1950. It was an improved version of
_____ENIAC______.

EDVAC’ s concept of storing different programs on ______punched

cards_____ led to the advancement of the computers that you know
today.

UNIVAC I

_____Universal Automatic Computer I______ (UNIVAC I) was the world’s

first commercially available computer, designed by ______J Presper
Eckert_____ and ______John Mauchly_____ in 1951.
It was the first compute to handle both ______numerical_____ and text
data.

It was also the first computer that was equipped with a ______magnetic
tape unit_____ and used the buffer memory.

Generation of computers

Evolution of the present day computer is commonly classified into the

generations of computers. Each new generation resulted in several
changes.

Characteristics of a computer

A computer system controversial statement possesses the following

capabilities:

Speed

Speed is the amount of time taken by a computer in completing the

task. A computer works very fast and can do a large number of
calculations quickly as compared to a human being. Computers are
classified on the basis of the ______instructions_____ that they execute
per second.

Accuracy

______Accuracy_____ refers to the degree of perfection of operations

performed by a computer. Computers do not commit errors and are
capable of handling complex instructions accurately. If the data fed
into a computer is wrong, it may produce an inaccurate result.

Reliability

Reliability refers to the quality of a computer system to perform

consistently well and complete its allotted duties on time without
experiencing any system failure. In case of any failure in a computer
system, there is a provision for immediate backup of information and
___________.

Versatility

A computer can perform a ___________. Therefore, it can be used in

almost all fields, such as education, science and technology, business,
finance, accounts, communications, etc.
Storage

Storage is the capacity of computer to store data. A computer can

store a large amount of data, which can be used anytime. You can
store data into a computer through the various external and internal
devices, such a ___________, CDs/DVDs, pen drive, ___________,
___________. A ___________ can store the maximum amount of data
among these devices. The maximum amount of data that can be
stored depends on the device chosen by the user.

Diligence

Computers are ___________ to human factors, like fatigue, tiredness, or

boredom. It can work repeatedly and efficiently for long hours without
taking rest.

Multitasking

A computer can do many tasks at the same time. For instance, one
can enjoy listening to music while typing in MS Word or working on any
other applications.

Limitations of a computer

Although a computer has many upsides, it has many limitations too.

Some of them are listed below:

Incapability to think

A computer cannot think and take decisions on its own. In case of any
___________, it cannot take an alternative action.

No intelligence

Unlike human beings, a computer has no ___________. It needs

instructions at every step.

Dependence on Power

A computer is an electronic machine, thus its dependence on

___________ makes it costly.

Fact file:

In 1617, ______John Napier_____ made a calculating device-a set of

rectangular rods called _____Napier’s Bones______.
Around 1820, ______Charles Xavier Thomas_____ created the first
commercial mechanical calculator, “______Thomas
Arithmometer_____”.

12 Aug 1981 marks the birth of the ______IBM PC_____, the computer
that revolutionized the world.

Transistors were invented in 1947 by the trio-_____William

Shockley______, _____Walter Brattain______ and ______John
Bardeen_____ at Bell Labs.

Physically, ______ENIAC_____ was very large in size. It weighted 30 tons

and consumed _____150______KW of power. It was 100 feet long and
______10_____ feet tall.

______Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace_____, was considered as the ‘First

Programmer’.

Chapter 3

Word 2010 is a ______Word Processing Unit_____ that helps you to

create documents with a professional outlook. It not only provides the
facility to type and modify the ______text_____, but also offers features
to enhance the overall appearance of the text. In addition, you can
find and replace the text, set the page appearance as per your need,
and preview a document before ______printing_____ it.

Using Format Painter

The ______Format Painter_____ tools is used to copy all the formatting

from an ______object_____ or text and apply it to another selection.

To copy formatting, follow the steps given below:

Select the text or ______object_____ whose formatting you want to copy.

Click on ______Format Painter_____ in the clipboard group on the

______Home_____ tab.

The pointer changes into a ______brush_____ shape. Now, apply the

copied format by ______dragging_____ the brush over the desired text.
The formatting attributes of the previous text will be applied to the
selected text.

Applying Superscript or Subscript

The _____Superscript______ option places the selected text slightly

______above_____ the baseline. On the contrary, the
______Subscript_____ option places the selected text slightly below the
baseline and makes it appear _____smaller______ than the rest of the
text.

Type M2 and select 2 from it.

Click on the Font dialog box launcher on the ______Home_____ tab. The
______dialog_____ box appears.

Select the _____Superscript______ check box under the

______Effects_____ section. Click on OK.

You will notice that 2 will be placed ______above_____ the baseline.

Similarly, you can apply the Subscript effect to the text.

Applying Shadow to Text

You can give some flair to you text by using the ______Text Effects_____
and _____Typography______ feature in Word. This feature of Word holds
many options, like ______Reflection_____, Shadow, ______Number
Style_____, Glow, ______Outline_____, and so on. Let’s use the Shadow
effect.

Select the text on which you want to apply the shadow effect.

Click on the ______Text Effects_____ options in the ______Font_____

group on the Home tab.

Select the ______Shadow_____ option and then select the required

shadow effect.

Similarly, you can apply the other text effects to the selected text.

Applying Borders and Shading

The Border and Shading feature of the Word helps in improving the
______appearance_____ and reading quality of the text. You can add a
variety of borders and shading effects to the ______paragraphs_____
and the entire page.

To add border around text or paragraph, follow these steps:

Select the text or _____paragraph______ and click on the Home tab.

In the Paragraph group, click on drop down arrow of the
_____Borders______ option.

Select the ______Borders and Shading_____ option from the drop-down

list.

The Borders and shading dialog box will open. By default, the
______Borders_____ tab is selected.

Choose a border styles under ______Setting_____.

Select the border line style under ______Style_____ and colour in the
_____Colour____ Box.

Now, click on the _____Shading______ tab and choose a colour in the Fill
box.

Click on OK. A border and shading will appear around the selected
paragraph or text.

Finding and Replacing Text

Word provided a feature to easily navigate through your document and

find a particular word or phrase. You can also replace this word or
phrase with a new one. The following section describes how you can
perform these operations.

Finding the Text

To find a particular word or phrase in the current document, follow the

given steps:

 Click on the Find option in the ___________group on the Home tab.

 The ___________ pane appears to the left of the document window.
 You can simply type the word that you want to find in the search
document text box. The search results will be displayed in the
Navigation Pane with the ___________ words. Or select ___________
option from the drop down menu of the search document textbox
the find and replace dialogue box appears.
 In the _________ box, type the text that you want to search in the
document.
 Click on the _________ button. The _________ will move the next
occurrence of the searched word and it will get highlighted.
 After finishing the search, Word displays a message: “We’re finished
searching the documents. Click on OK.
 Click on the _________, if you want to widen your search criteria.
 If you click on the _________ check box, it will search the text with a
similar case that you have typed in the _________text box.
 If you select the _________ check box, it will match the complete
word; otherwise, it will search those words where it finds the first
matching letters.

Replacing the text

Besides searching for the text you can also replace the words or
phrases with any alternate text. To replace the text, follow these
procedure:
 Click on the _________ option in the _________ group on the Home
tab.
 The _________ dialog box appears. In the _________ box, type the text
that you want to search for.
 In the _________box, enter the new text to replace the existing text.
 Click on the _________ button to select the other options, if required.
 Click on the either _________ button as needed.
 The _________ changes the searched text with the new text given in
the Replace with text box.
 The _________replaces all the occurrences of the searched text with
the new text.
 The _________button will highlight the next occurrence of the text
that it searches.
 When Word has finished searching for the word and made
replacements, a message box appears showing the number of
replacement made. Click on OK.

Creating Header and Footer

The Header and Footer options are used to place some informations
on the top and at the bottom of every page, respectively. You can
insert or edit header and footer in a document whenever needed.
These sections include the _________, chapter’s name, _________,
page number, author’s name, etc.

To insert header and footer, follow these steps.

 The _________options are found in the _________group on the
_________tab. Click on the _________option. Select the _________option
in the drop down menu.
 Likewise, select the _________ > Edit Footer option.
 You will find the _________ boxes at the top and bottom of each
page, respectively, separated by dotted lines.
 An additional tab named _________ will appear on the Ribbon under
the Header & Footer tools section.
 Click on the _________, and type the text that you want to display
here.
 Press the _________ twice. The insertion point will jump to the right
side. Click on the _________ option in the _________ group on the
Design tab. The _________ dialog box appears. Choose the desired
date and time format. Click on OK.
 Click on the _________option in the _________ group. The cursor will
appear on the left side of the _________ section. Press the _________
key and the cursor will jump to the centre of the page.
 Click on the _________ option in the _________ group and choose the
desired format from the drop-down list. If you intend to apply
specific page number style then select the _________ options from
the drop down menu.
 The _________ dialog box appears. Define the settings as per your
need and click on OK.
 Once completed, click on the _________ button on the _________ tab.
You will come out from the _________ sections.