Class 8th Class 9th Class 10th

1. Measurement 1. Measurement 1. Laws of Motion

 understand fundamental quantities and units.  understand the fundamental and derived quantities and their  Understand the concepts of force and motion.
 explain the system of units and measurements. units.  Explain inertia and its types.
 analyze the different system of units.  know the rules to be followed while expressing physical  State the three laws of Newton.
 know about temperature, amount of substance, electric quantities in SI units.  Apply Newtonian concept of force and motion.
current and luminous intensity.  get familiar with the usage of scientific notations.  Define force, momentum and impulse.
 explore the knowledge of accuracy in measurements.  know the characteristics of measuring instruments.  Distinguish between mass and weight
 differentiate plane angle and solid angle.  use Vernier caliper and screw gauge for small measurements.  Analyze weightlessness and the principle of conservation of momentum.
 solve problems related to measurement.  find the weight of an object using a spring balance.  Explain the law of gravitation and its applications.
 know the importance of accurate measurements.  Understand the variations in 'g' due to height and depth.
 Solve numerical problems related to force and motion

2. Forces 2. Motion 2. Optics

 understand the concept of force and its effects.  list the objects which are at rest and which are in motion.  state the laws of refraction.
 differentiate thrust and pressure.  understand distance and displacement.  list the properties of light.
 understand the characteristics of atmospheric and liquid  determine the distance covered by an object describing a  explain the scattering of light and its various kinds.
pressure. circular path.  understand the images formed by concave and convex lens.
 apply pascal’s law in day-to-day life.  classify uniform motion and non-uniform motion.  analyze the ray diagram of concave and convex lens.
 understand the applications of surface tension and viscosity.  distinguish between speed and velocity.  understand the working of human eye and optical instruments
 analyse friction in rest and motion.  relate accelerated and unaccelerated motion.  solve numerical problems
 know about the ways of increasing and decreasing friction.  deduce the equations of motion of an object from velocity –
 solve numerical problems related to force and pressure. time graph.
 write the equations of motion for a freely falling body.
 understand the nature of circular motion.
 identify centripetal force and centrifugal force in day-to-day
life.

3. Light 3. Fluids 3. Thermal Physics

 acquire knowledge about various types of mirrors.  define pressure in terms of weight.  Understand the concept of heat and temperature
 Understand image formation in spherical mirrors.  explain the variation of pressure with respect to depth in a  Know the absolute scale of temperature
  know about the applications of spherical mirrors. fluid.  Understand the thermal energy and the thermal equilibrium
 acquire knowledge about laws of reflection.  learn the fact that liquid exerts an upward force on objects  Classification of expansion of substances
 compare regular and irregular reflections. immersed in it.  Know the fundamental laws of gases
 understand the working principle of kaleidoscope and  calculate the density of a liquid when pressure and altitude  Distinguish between real gas and ideal gas
periscope. are given.  Derive the ideal gas equation
 understand refraction and dispersion of light.  learn the formula for finding the relative density of an object  Solve the numerical problems
and apply the same.
 understand the behavior of floating bodies.

4. Heat 4. Electric charge and Electric current 4. Electricity

 understand the effects of heat.  understand the electric charge, electric field and Coulomb’s  Make an electric circuit.
 explain the transfer of heat. law.  Differentiate between electric potential and potential difference.
 know about calorimetry.  explain the concepts of electric current, voltage, resistance  Infer what electrical resistivity and conductivity mean.
 calculate heat capacity and specific heat capacity of and Ohm’s law.  Know the effective resistance of a system of resistors connected in series and parallel.
substances.  draw electrical circuit diagrams for series and parallel circuits.  Understand the heating effect of the electric current.
 list out the functions of thermostat.  explain the effects of electric current like. heating or thermal  Define electric power and electric energy and explain domestic electric circuits.
 know about the working of thermos flask. effect, chemical effect,  Know the modern appliances such as LED bulb and LED television.
 and magnetic effect.
 understand direct and alternating currents.
 know the safety aspects related to electricity
5. Electricity 5. Magnetism and Electromagnetism 5. Acoustics
 know about the basic properties of electric charges.  understand the concept of magnetic field.  Understand how sound is produced and transmitted.
 explain the transfer of charges between two objects.  know the properties of magnetic field lines.  Relate the speed of sound, its frequency, and its wavelength.
 understand the working of electroscope.  calculate the force exerted on a current carrying conductor in  Know the speed of sound in various media.
 recognise the effects of electric current. a magnetic field.  Explain the factors affecting the speed of sound in a gaseous medium.
 assemble different electric circuits.  understand the force between two parallel current carrying  Demonstrate the phenomenon of reflection of sound.
 list out the applications of electricity conductors.  Determine the speed of sound using the method of echo.
 know the concept of electromagnetic induction and apply it  Understand Doppler Effect.
in the case of generators.  Solve numerical problems related to the above topics.
 appreciate how voltage can be increased or decreased using
transformers.
 understand the applications of electromagnet and apply the
knowledge in constructing
 devices using electromagnets.

6. Sound 6. Light 6. Nuclear Physics

 understand the production of sound.  apply the laws of reflection for plane mirrors and spherical  Define radio activity.
 explain the propagation of sound in a medium. mirrors.  Distinguish between natural and artificial radio activity.
 analyse the properties of sound.  draw ray diagrams to find the position and size of the image  Relate the properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays.
 explain the wave nature of sound. for spherical mirrors.  State Soddy and Fagan’s displacement law of nuclear disintegration.
 know about the mechanism of hearing.  distinguish between real and virtual images.  Understand the concept of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
 discuss about noise pollution and the ways to control it.  apply the mirror equation to calculate position, size and  Identify fissionable materials.
nature of images for  Analyze controlled and uncontrolled chain reactions.
 spherical mirrors.  Explain the principle of atom bomb and hydrogen bomb.
 identify the direction of bending when light passes from one  List the uses of radio activity.
medium to another.  Understand the components of a nuclear reactor.
 solve problems using Snell’s law.  Identify the precautionary measures while handling a radioactive material.
 predict whether light will be refracted or undergo total
internal reflection
7. Magnetism 7. Heat 7. Atoms and Molecules
 know about magnet and its types.  understand the nature and the effects of heat.  acquire the ability to learn about the atoms and molecules.
 distinguish between natural and artificial magnets.  differentiate the conducting powers of various substances.  comprehend atomic mass and molecular mass.
 define magnetic field and compare uniform and non-uniform  list out good and bad conductors of heat and their uses.  have information about gram atomic mass and gram molecular mass.
magnetic fields.  explain conduction using kinetic theory.  perceive the intended meaning of Avogadro’s hypothesis of gases.
 summarize the properties of magnet.  describe the experiments to show convection in fluids.  interpret the application of Avogadro’s hypothesis.
 understand the concept of Earth’s magnetism.  understand the concept of radiation.  determine the atomicity of a molecule.
 list out the uses of magnets.  define specific heat capacity and thermal capacity.  interpret the relation between vapour density and relative molecular mass.
 describe the concept of change of state.  have the facts about the relationship between the volume of a gas and the number of molecules
 define specific latent heat of fusion and specific latent heat of present in it.
vaporization.  grasp the idea of mole concept and solve many problems using it.
 calculate the percentage of composition of a compound.

8. Universe and Space Science 8. Sound 8. Periodic Classification of Elements

  know about the parts of rockets and the types of rocket fuel.  understand the properties of sound.  recognize the basis of the modern periodic law and its development.
 ‹ understand the principle behind launching of rockets.  know that sound requires a medium to travel.  list the features of groups and periods of the modern periodic table.
 ‹ list out the achievement of Indian space Programmes,  understand that sound waves are longitudinal in nature.  explain the trend in periodic properties along the periods and groups.
Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan.  explain the characteristics of sound.  distinguish between ores and minerals .
 ‹ know about NASA and the contributions of Indians in NASA  gain knowledge about reflection of sound.  list out the types of separation of impurities from the ores.
 explain ultrasonic sound and understand the applications of  recall the various places of occurrences of minerals in the state of Tamil Nadu.
ultrasonic sound.  put forth the properties of metals.
 identify the stages involved in metallurgical processes.
 think scientifically on alloys and their types.
 develop an idea on amalgam.
 understand the reason for corrosion and the methods of its prevention

9. Matter around us 9. Universe 9. Solutions

 know about the types of matter.  know the evolution of the universe.  define solution.
 know the symbols of various elements.  understand the building blocks of the universe.  recognize the types of solutions.
 classify elements into metals, non-metals and metalloids  know more about solar system.  analyse the factors influencing solubility.
 compare the properties of metals and non metals.  know Kepler’s laws of motion.  explain the various modes of expression of concentration of solution.
 acquire knowledge about compounds of solids, liquids and  calculate the orbital velocity and the time-period of satellites.  calculate the solubility of solutes in solvents.
gases.  know about International Space Station.  correlate the hydrated salts and anhydrous salts.
 know about the uses of compounds in daily life.  distinguish between deliquescent and hygroscopic substances.
10. Changes around us 10. Matter Around Us 10. Types of Chemical Reactions
 define chemical reaction.  classify substances as elements, compounds and mixtures  infer different types of chemical reaction.
 differentiate chemical changes from physical changes. based on their  acquire knowledge about combination reaction and skill to perform a combination
 know about the factors which determine a chemical reaction.  chemical composition.  reaction using quick lime and water.
 know about the importance and effects of chemical reactions.  group mixtures as homogeneous and heterogeneous.  identify and differentiate between reversible and irreversible reactions.
 identify the chemical reactions in day-to-day life.  identify suitable method to separate components of a  explain the reversible reaction occurring at the equilibrium state.
 observe the changes during a chemical reaction. mixture.  list and explain characteristics of equilibrium state.
 classify solutions based on the size of the solute particles and  define rate of reaction.
compare the true solutions,  discuss the dependence of rate of reactions on concentration, temperature and catalyst.
 colloids and suspensions based on their properties.  define pH.
 differentiate colloids based on the nature of dispersed phase  correlate the concentration of hydrogen ions and pH with neutral, acidic and basic nature aqueous
and dispersion medium. solutions.
 compare o/w and w/o emulsions.  recognize the importance of pH in everyday life.
 discuss some important examples and uses of colloids.  explain the term ionic product of water.
11. Air 11. Atomic Structure 11. Carbon and its Compounds
 know about the occurrence and composition of oxygen,  understand Rutherford’s gold foil experiment.  know the importance of organic compounds.
nitrogen and  identify the limitations of Rutherford’s model.  classify the organic compounds and name them based on IUPAC rules.
 carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.  explain the main postulates of Bohr’s atomic model.  identify the functional groups of organic compounds.
 understand the properties and uses of oxygen, nitrogen and  compare the charge and mass of sub-atomic particles.  explain the preparation, properties and uses of ethanol and ethanoic acids.
carbon dioxide.  calculate number of protons, neutrons and electrons from the  know the composition and preparation of soap and detergent.
 understand nitrogen fixation. given atomic number and  understand the cleansing action of soap and detergents.
 identify the causes of greenhouse effect, global warming and  mass number of an element.  differentiate soap and detergents.
acid rain.  draw the atomic structure of first 20 elements.
 suggest remedial measures for the prevention and control of  differentiate isotopes, isobars and isotones.
these effects  assign valency of various elements based on the number of
valence electrons.
 recognize the significance of quantum numbers.
 state and illustrate the laws of multiple proportion, reciprocal
proportion and combining volumes.

12. Atomic Structure 12. Periodic Classification of Elements 12. Plant Anatomy and Plant Physiology
 understand the advantages and limitations of Dalton’s atomic  know the concept of classification of elements in early days.  Understand vascular tissue system- their types and functions.
theory.  understand the postulates, advantages and limitations of  Know the structure of dicot root, stem, leaf and monocot root, stem, leaf.
 distinguish the fundamental particles and their properties. modern periodic table.  Differentiate the internal structure of dicot root, stem, leaf with that of monocot root, stem, leaf.
 get an idea about Thomson’s atom model and its limitations.  understand the classification of elements based on the  Name the different pigments found in chloroplast.
 calculate the valency of different elements. electronic configuration.  Elaborate on the structure and functions of plastids.
 write the chemical formula and molecular formula of  learn about the position of hydrogen in the periodic table.  Enumerate the steps involved in photosynthesis.
compounds.  study about the position of rare gases (Noble gases) in the  Understand the structure of mitochondria
 balance the chemical equations. periodic table.  List the basic events of aerobic and anerobic respiration.
  state the laws of chemical combinations.  distinguish between metals and non-metals.
 know about metalloids and alloys.

13. Water 13. Chemical Bonding 13. Structural Organisation of Animals

 understand the importance, properties and uses of water.  understand how molecules are formed and what is a chemical  Understand the external morphology of the leech and rabbit.
 write the chemical equations for the reaction of water. bond.  Recognise the structural features of different organ systems.
 explain water treatment methods.  explain Octet rule.  Will be able to understand the physiology of various organ systems of leech and rabbit.
 discuss about different methods of softening water.  draw Lewis dot structure of atoms.  Learn the parasitic adaptations of leech.
 know about the causes and consequences of water pollution.  understand different types of bonds.  Identify the type of dentition and its significance in rabbit.
 list out the ways by which water pollution may be controlled.  differentiate the characteristics of ionic bond, covalent bond  Perceive the differences between the structural organization of an invertebrate (leech) and
and coordinate bond. vertebrate (rabbit)
 understand redox reactions.
 find out the oxidation number of different elements.

14. Acids and Bases 14. Acids, Bases and Salts 14. Transportation in Plants and Circulation in Animal
 define acids and bases.  know about formation, properties and uses of acids, bases  Learn how the water and minerals move from soil to the plant.
 understand the properties of acids and bases. and salts.  Learn how prepared food by the leaf is translocated to various parts of the plant.
 distinguish between acids and bases.  know the importance of acids, bases and salts in daily life.  Understand the role of osmosis and transpiration.
 list out the uses of acids and bases.  understand how to identify the nature of a solution by using  Understand the composition of blood.
 understand the neutralization reaction between acids and indicators and pH paper.  Identify and explain the structure of heart and associated blood vessels.
bases.  know the strength of acid or base solutions.  Understand systemic, pulmonary and coronary circulation.
 know about acid – base indicators.  define pH scale and explain the significance of pH in everyday  Differentiate the events of the cardiac cycle.
life.  Know about blood pressure and heart beat.
 know aquaregia and its properties.  Understand the use of stethoscope and sphygmomanometer.
 Identify the different blood groups.
 Understand the role of lymphatic system.
15. Chemistry in Everyday Life 15. Carbon and its Compounds 15. Nervous System
 know about different types of hydrocarbons.  explain the special features of carbon.  Admire nervous system as the control and coordinating centre of the body.
 understand the formation of fossil fuels.  know about the isomerism and allotropic forms of carbon  Learn the components of the nervous system.
 list out the properties and uses of different fuel gases. compounds.  Analyse the transmission of nerve impulses.
 understand the process involved in the refining of petroleum.  differentiate between the properties of graphite and  Understand the divisions of human nervous system.
 know about the types and uses of coal. diamond.  Interpret the different sections of brain which handle different functions.
 know about the characteristics of ideal fuel.  recognise the various inorganic carbon compounds with their  Know the significance of reflex action and its operative pathway.
 list out the applications of solar energy. uses.
 know the common properties of carbon compounds.
 identify the codes of various plastics.
 understand the effects of plastics on human life and
environment.
 know the legal measures to prevent plastic pollution.

16. Microorganisms 16. Applied Chemistry 16. Plant and Animal Hormones
 understand different types of microorganisms.  understand the various branches of applied chemistry.  Define hormone.
 differentiate various microorganisms based on their shape  know the technology of Nanochemistry.  List out plant hormones.
and occurrence.  know the various types of drugs.  Classify plant hormones into growth promoters and growth inhibitors.
 know the role of microbes in various fields such as medicine,  understand the various uses of electrochemistry.  Differentiate the physiological effects of various plant hormones.
agriculture, industry and daily life.  understand the applications of radiochemistry.  Understand how plant hormones control and coordinate various physiological activities in plants.
 know the effects of harmful microorganisms.  understand various types of dyes and their application.  Know the various endocrine glands in the human body.
 understand the relationship between man and microbes.  acquire knowledge about food chemistry and agricultural  Identify the location and structure of the endocrine glands in the human body.
 know the effects of prions and virions on human health. chemistry.  Differentiate exocrine and endocrine glands.
 understand some basic ideas about forensic chemistry  Know the specific site of action and their functions.
 Identify the disorders which occur due to decreased or increased hormone secretion
17. Plant Kingdom 17. Animal Kingdom 17. Reproduction in Plants and Animals
 know the general characteristics of algae.  understand the classification of animal kingdom.  Differentiate vegetative, asexual and sexual reproduction.
 classify the types of algae based on the pigmentation.  identify and study the different groups of animals.  Describe parts of flower and their functions.
 know about the salient features, mode of nutrition,  list out the general characteristics of animals based on grades  Understand the types and modes of pollination and their significance.
classification and the uses of fungi. of organization,  Understand the process of double fertilization, steps involved in fertilization (syngamy and triple
 differentiate bryophytes from pteridophytes.  types of symmetry, coelom and various body activity. fusion), embryo development, endosperm development and formation of seed.
 list out the importance of medicinal plants and their uses.  recognize that binomial classification has Latin and Greek  Understand the process of sexual reproduction in human beings.
 understand the classes of angiosperms and their words.  Know the structure of testicular and ovarian cells.
characteristics.  identify the first name as genus and second name as species.  Know the structural details of human sperm and ovum.
 tabulate Bentham and Hooker’s classification of seeded  recall the salient features of each phylum.  Realize the events of menstrual cycle and fertilization.
plants.  Gain awareness on reproductive health and strategies.
 Gain knowledge on personal and social hygiene.
18. Organization of Life 18. Organization of Tissues 18. Genetics
 understand the different levels of organization seen in the  know the different types of tissues and their morphology.  Know about Mendelian laws.
animal world.  identify how tissues are organized in specific patterns to form  Differentiate between phenotype and genotype.
 know about the structure of cells. organs.  Understand the process of monohybrid and dihybrid cross.
 understand the types of tissues.  understand how tissues perform life activities in plants and  Differentiate between a chromosome, DNA and gene.
 know about the structure of eye as an example for organ level animals.  Understand the structure of chromosome.
of organization.  gain knowledge about the structural organisation of tissues.  Classify the chromosomes based on the position of centromere.
 understand the respiratory system as an example for system  get familiarized with the process, types and significance of cell  Understand the structure and replication of DNA.
level of organization. division.  Define mutation and classify the chromosomal and gene mutation.
 understand the physiological functions of organizational  Identify the chromosomal abnormality of Down’s syndrome.
setup with reference to
 homeostasis, diffusion, osmosis, osmoregulation, cellular
respiration and metabolism.
19. Movements in Animals 19. Plant Physiology 19. Origin and Evolution of Life
 know about the movements of different animals.  know that plants too have certain autonomic movements.  Know about Big Bang theory on the origin of universe.
 differentiate between movement and locomotion.  understand different types of movement in plants.  Understand theories of origin of life.
 recall the types of movements.  differentiate tropic movement from nastic movement.  Discuss the process of evolution on the basis of the available evidences.
 know about human body and its movements.  gain knowledge on transpiration.  Relate the principles of Lamarck and Darwin with evolution.
 summaries the significance and types of joints.  understand that plants produce their food through the  Know how variation occurs and its significance.
 identify the components of the skeleton. process of photosynthesis.  List the importance of fossils and describe the process of fossilization.
 understand muscle movements and its types.  understand the process of transpiration.  Identify the plants of ethnobotanical importance.
 Realize about extraterrestrial life.
20. Reaching the Age of Adolescence 20. Organ Systems in Animals 20. Breeding and Biotechnology
 understand the body changes that take place during  define the terms digestion, excretion and reproduction.  Define and discuss the steps and methods involved in plant breeding.
adolescence.  understand the various parts of the alimentary canal and the  Know the crop varieties produced by crop improvement.
 differentiate the secondary sexual characteristics of boys and process of digestion.  Understand animal breeding and its implications.
girls.  understand the role of enzymes in the process of digestion.  Point out the differences between inbreeding and outbreeding.
 know about the role of hormones in reproduction.  know the organs involved in the process of excretion.  Know what is hybrid vigour and its importance.
 explain the reproductive phases of life in human.  understand the role of skin in excretion.  Identify the steps involved in genetic engineering.
 understand the nutritional needs of adolescents.  understand the parts and functions of excretory system.  Understand the practical applications of DNA fingerprinting.
 learn the functions of male and female human reproductive  Gain knowledge on gene therapy.
system.  Know the importance of stem cell technology.

21. Crop Production and Management 21. Nutrition and Health 21. Health and Diseases
 know about agricultural practices.  understand the classification of nutrients.  Understand the types of abuses and associated behavioral changes.
 understand the basic practices of crop production.  list the sources, functions and deficiency disorders of vitamins  Gain knowledge of prevention and protection from child sexual abuse.
 know about the importance of rotation of crops. and minerals.  Know the causes for drug, tobacco and alcohol addiction and its effects on health.
 recognise the importance of seed bank, seed balls and  gain knowledge about different methods of food  Analyse the possible ways of de-addiction.
preservation of seeds. preservation.  Know about the diseases and disorders associated with lifestyle modification.
 know about the role of agriculture research institutions IARI,  identify the adulterants in food.  Compare the features of Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes mellitus and relates the signs and symptoms.
ICAR and KVK. explain the role of different food quality certifying agents of our  Explain the underlying cause and symptoms for obesity, heart disease, cancer and AIDS.
 list out the importance of bio control methods. country.  Suggest remedial measures for prevention and control of these diseases and disorders.
 To create awareness among the individuals in the society to lead healthy life

22. Conservation of Plants and Animals 22. World of Microbes 22. Environmental Management
 understand deforestation, afforestation and reforestation.  identify different groups of bacteria based on their shape and  Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources.
 list out the endangered species. structure.  Gain knowledge about the need for conservation of various natural resources.
 understand the importance of conservation of wildlife.  categorize types of viruses.  To know the various methods which can be adopted of conservation of natural resources.
 know about Red Data Book and its advantages.  know the role of microbes in agriculture, food industries and  Create awareness about the limited exploitation of natural resources.
 list out the importance of Peoples’ Biodiversity Register. medicine.  Get motivated to participate in the protection of environment and its management
 know about the functions of animal welfare organizations.  gain knowledge on modes of infection and disease
transmission.
 describe the spectrum of diseases on the basis of the
causative agents.
 know disease control and preventive measures.
23. Economic Biology
 know about horticulture and floriculture.
 classify biomanures and know their importance.
  differentiate between hydroponics, aquaponics and
aeroponics.
 know the importance of dairy farming and cattle breeds.
 gain knowledge on the aspects of aquaculture and
pisciculture.
 gain awareness on vermicomposting methods and the
benefits of vermicompost.
 identify the commercial products obtained from apiculture

24. Environmental Science

 relate different aspects of environmental science.
 describe biogeochemical cycles.
 analyse the impacts of human activities on water cycle,
nitrogen cycle and carbon cycle.
 correlate the adaptations of plants with the habitat.
 explain the adaptations of bat and earthworm.
 explain recycling of water its methods and importance .
 discuss the importance of water conservation and water
recycling methods.