DEVELOPMENT

Q1. What is development ? Why do different people have different development goals? Explain with
examples.
ANSWER – Development means continuous progress or increased per capita income. In other words there
is an improvement in economic welfare of people and their standard of living.
The four characteristics of development are –
 Development goals of different people are different.
 One may be development for one but may not be development for other.
 For development people look at mix of goals.
 Different person could have different as well as conflicting notions of country’s development.

Q2. “For development , people look at a mix of goals”. Support the statement with three suitable
examples.
ANSWER- It is true that for development , people look at a mix of goals, eg:-
1. If women are engaged in paid work , their dignity in the household and society increases. So,
dignity is an important goal.
2. However , it is also the case that if there is respect for women , there would be more sharing
of housework and greater acceptance of women working outside.
3. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a
business. These are goals other than income.

Q3. “Money can not buy all goods and services that a person may need to live well”? Explain the
statement with suitable examples.
ANS- Money in your pocket can not buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.
 Income by itself is not completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizen are
able to use.
 For example normally your money cannot buy you a pollution free environment or ensure that you
get unadulterated medicine , unless you can afford to shift to community that already had all these
things.
 Money may also not be able to protect you from infection diseases, unless the whole of your
community takes preventive steps.

Q4. ‘What may be development for one may not be development for the other.’ Explain by giving
examples.
OR
“People have conflicting development goals”. Support with suitable example.
ANS- Different persons can have different as well as conflicting development goals. In fact at time two
persons or group of persons may seek things which are conflicting. For example -
 Industrialists may want more dams to get more electricity. But this may submerge the land and
disrupt the lives of people who are displaced – such as tribals.
 A farmers wants to sell foodgrains at a higher price but a low earning person wants to purchase it at
low prices.
 More wages means development for a worker, but it affect negatively a businessman.

Q5.Average income is useful for comparison but it may hide disparities. Explain.
ANS- Average income hide disparities this can be proved by following statements.
 Average income hide disparities in case if there were no equitable distribution of income.
 For example if small population have a very high income then the total income as well as average
income rises. Thus hiding disparities about the actual situation.
 Average income do not indicate rising standard of living as development depends on non-material
things like freedom, equality , respect, justice etc.

Q6. What is BMI? How it is calculated?

ANS- It is Body Mass Index.
 BMI is a one way to find out that a person is properly nourished or not.
 This is easy to calculate. Take the weight in kg. then take the height in meters and divide the weight
in kg by square of height in meters , the no. you get is BMI.
 A student’s BMI could be within the normal range or less than that (underweight) or more
(obesity).

Q7. Explain the factors on which quality of life depends?

ANS- Quality of life depends on following factors.
 Money and material things.
 Presence of family members and relatives
 Good working atmosphere at office
 An opportunity to learn
 Self respect
 A safe and secure environment.

Q8. What is Sustainable Development? Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
Explain.

ANSWER: Sustainable Development refers to development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
  Economic development is a continuous process. Resources are to be used in such a way that they
are not exploited. At the same time development should not harm the environment.

 It is desirable because everyone would certainly like the present level of development to go further
or at least be maintained for the future generations.

Q9. Explain the following terms –

1. IMR :- Infant Mortality rate indicate the number of children that die before the age of one year as a
proportion of 1000 live children born at in particular year.

2. Literacy Rate :- It measures the proportion of literate population in the 7-and-above age group.

3. Net Attendance Ratio :- It is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years attending
school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.

4. HDI:- It stands for Human Development Index. HDI ranks in above table are out of 189 countries in
all.

5. Life Expectancy at birth:- It denotes, as the name suggests, average expected length of life of a
person at the time of birth.

Q10. Write the importance of human development index in three points.

ANSWER: Human Development Index is published by the UNDP.

1. It indicates the level of development of a country.

2. The report provide information about the different welfare elements such as education levels,
health status and literacy level of a country.
3. It also provide information about the per capita income of a country.