LAB MANUAL
Development of Part Program for Lathe Operations and Machining on CNC
Lathe and CNC Turning Center
1. Objective
To develop and execute a part program for performing various lathe operations on a
CNC lathe and CNC turning center and to manufacture the job as per the given
dimensions.
2. Introduction
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) turning centers are advanced lathes that perform
various turning operations with high accuracy and automation. Part programming
involves writing G-code and M-code instructions that direct the CNC machine to
perform specific operations like facing, turning, threading, grooving, drilling, etc.
3. List of Lathe Operations Performed
Facing
Plain Turning
Step Turning
Chamfering
Threading
Grooving
Drilling
Knurling
Taper Turning
Boring
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4. Machine Used
CNC Lathe Machine
CNC Turning Center
5. Tools Required
Turning Tool
Facing Tool
Threading Tool
Grooving Tool
Drilling Tool
Chamfer Tool
Boring Bar
Knurling Tool
6. Job Material
Mild Steel (MS) / Aluminium / Plastic Rod (As per availability)
7. Sample Job Dimensions
Prepare a cylindrical job with the following specifications:
Overall Length: 80 mm
Outer Diameter: 50 mm
Step Diameter: 35 mm (length 20 mm)
Threading Length: 20 mm
Drilled Hole: Ø12 mm, depth 30 mm
Taper from Ø50 mm to Ø40 mm over 30 mm length
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Bored Hole: Ø16 mm, depth 15 mm
8. G-Codes and M-Codes Used
G00: Rapid Traverse
G01: Linear Interpolation
G02/G03: Circular Interpolation CW/CCW
G76: Thread Cutting Cycle
G90: Absolute Programming
G94: Feed per Minute
G95: Feed per Revolution
G96/G97: Constant Surface Speed / Cancel CSS
G70/G71/G72: Finishing / Rough Turning Cycles
G73: Pattern Repeating Cycle
G83: Peck Drilling Cycle
M03/M04: Spindle On CW/CCW
M05: Spindle Stop
M06: Tool Change
M08/M09: Coolant On/Off
M30: Program End
9. Sample Part Program - Job 1 (Basic Operations)
O0100;
G21 G90 G94;
M06 T0101;
M03 S1000;
G00 X55 Z5;
G01 Z0 F0.2;
G01 X0;
G00 X55 Z2;
M06 T0202;
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G00 X37 Z5;
G01 Z-20 F0.2;
G00 X55;
M06 T0303;
G00 X33 Z-20;
G01 Z-40 F0.2;
G00 X55;
M06 T0404;
G00 X55 Z-40;
G01 Z-45;
G76 P020060 Q100 R0.05;
G76 X31.4 Z-65 P1020 Q200 F1.5;
M05;
M30;
Sample Part Program - Job 2 (With Taper and Drilling)
O0200;
G21 G90 G94;
M06 T0101;
M03 S1200;
G00 X55 Z5;
G01 Z0 F0.2;
G01 X0;
G00 X55 Z2;
M06 T0202;
G00 X50 Z0;
G01 Z-10;
G01 X40 Z-40;
G00 X55;
M06 T0303;
G00 X45 Z-40;
G01 Z-60;
M06 T0404;
G00 X0 Z-5;
G01 Z-35 F0.1;
M06 T0505;
G83 X0 Z-30 Q5 R2 F0.15;
M05;
M30;
Sample Part Program - Job 3 (Including Grooving and Boring)
O0300;
G21 G90 G94;
M06 T0101;
M03 S1000;
G00 X55 Z5;
G01 Z0 F0.2;
G01 X0;
G00 X55 Z2;
M06 T0202;
G00 X35 Z0;
G01 Z-25 F0.25;
G00 X55;
M06 T0303;
G00 X30 Z-30;
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G01 X27 Z-30;
G01 X30 Z-32;
G00 X55;
M06 T0404;
G00 X16 Z-35;
G01 Z-50 F0.15;
G00 X55 Z5;
M05;
M30;
10. Procedure
Study the job drawing and identify operations.
Select appropriate tools and load into turret.
Write the part program using correct G and M codes.
Simulate the program on the CNC controller or CAD/CAM software.
Mount the job securely in the chuck.
Set tool offsets and zero the machine.
Run the program in dry-run mode (without cutting).
Execute the program in automatic mode.
Measure the dimensions of the finished job.
Make necessary corrections and finish the part.
11. Safety Precautions
Wear safety gear while operating machines.
Ensure job and tools are tightly clamped.
Verify program in simulation before real execution.
Keep safe distance from rotating parts.
Use emergency stop if any abnormality occurs.
12. Result
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Successfully developed and executed part programs on CNC Lathe/Turning Center
and machined jobs as per the given dimensions.
©Rohit Dixit
