Introduction to Cloud Computing (CSC467)

Unit 1: Introduction to Cloud Computing

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Chapter Overview
Topics
• Evolution of Cloud Computing
• Characteristics of Cloud Computing
• Types of Cloud and its Cloud Services
• Benefits and Challenges of Cloud Computing
• Applications Cloud Computing
• Cloud Storage
• Cloud Services Requirements, Cloud and Dynamic Infrastructure
• Cloud Adoption
• Utility Computing and Grid Computing

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• Evolution of Cloud Computing
• Characteristics of Cloud Computing
• Types of Cloud and it's Cloud Services
• Benefits and Challenges of Cloud Computing

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Cloud Computing
Cloud
• The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. In other words, we can say that Cloud is
something, which is present at remote location.
• Cloud can provide services over network, i.e., on public networks or on private networks, i.e.,
WAN, LAN or VPN. Applications such as e-mail, web conferencing, Customer Relationship
Management (CRM), all run in cloud.
Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing refers to manipulating, configuring, and accessing the applications online.
• It offers online data storage, infrastructure and application.

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Cloud Computing

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Cloud Computing
• No need to install a piece of software on our local PC
• Overcomes platform dependency issues.
• Cloud Computing is making our business application mobile and collaborative.
• Cloud Computing is an abstraction based on the notion of pooling physical
resources and presenting them as a virtual resource.
• It is a new model for provisioning resources, for staging applications, and for
platform-independent user access to services.
• Clouds can come in many different types, and the services and applications
that run on clouds may or may not be delivered by a cloud service provider.
• These different types and levels of cloud services mean that it is important to
define what type of cloud computing system you are working with.

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Cloud Computing
• To help clarify how cloud computing has changed the nature of commercial
system deployment, consider these three examples:
• Google - In the last decade, Google has built a worldwide network of datacenters to
service its search engine. In doing so Google has captured a substantial portion of the
world’s advertising revenue. That revenue has enabled Google to offer free software to
users based on that infrastructure and has changed the market for user-facing software.
This is the classic Software as a Service.
• Azure Platform - By contrast, Microsoft is creating the Azure Platform. It enables .NET
Framework applications to run over the Internet as an alternate platform for Microsoft
developer software running on desktops.
• Amazon Web Services - One of the most successful cloud-based businesses is Amazon
Web Services, which is an Infrastructure as a Service offering that lets you rent virtual
computers on Amazon’s own infrastructure.

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Evolution of Cloud Computing
SOA – Service Oriented Architecture
ASP – Application Service Provider

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Characteristics of Cloud Computing
• There are five key characteristics of cloud computing.
• On Demand Self-Service
• Allows the users to use web services and resources on demand
• Broad Network Access
• Can be accessed from anywhere and at any time.
• Resource Pooling
• Allows multiple tenants to share a pool of resources.
• Rapid Elasticity
• It is very easy to scale up or down the resources at any time.
• Measured Service
• Cloud provider controls and monitors all the aspects of cloud service.
• Resource optimization, billing, and capacity planning etc. depend on it.

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Cloud Types and it's Service Models
• Most people separate
cloud computing into two
distinct sets of models:
1. Deployment Models:
This refers to the location
and management of the
cloud’s infrastructure.
2. Service Models: This
consists of the particular
types of services that
you can access on a cloud
computing platform.

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Cloud Types and it's Service Models
The NIST model
• The U.S. National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST) has
a set of working definitions that
separate cloud computing into service
models and deployment models.
• The NIST model originally did not
require a cloud to use virtualization
to pool resources, nor did it
absolutely require that a cloud support
multi-tenancy in the earliest definitions
of cloud computing.
• Multi-tenancy is the sharing of
resources among two or more clients.
• The latest version of the NIST definition
does require that cloud computing
networks use virtualization and
support multi-tenancy.
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 Cloud Types and it's Service Models
The Cloud Cube Model
• The Open Group maintains an association called
the Jericho whose main focus is how to protect
cloud networks.
• It categorizes a cloud network based on four
dimensional factors.
• The four dimensions of the Cloud Cube Model:
• Physical Location of the Data: Internal (I) / External (E)
determines our organization’s boundaries.
• Ownership: Proprietary (P) / Open (O) is a measure of not
only the technology ownership, but of interoperability, ease
of data transfer, and degree of vendor application lock-in.
• Security Boundary: Perimeterised (Per) / De-
perimiterised (D-p) is a measure of whether the operation
is inside or outside the security boundary or network
firewall.
• Sourcing: Insourced or Outsourced means whether the
service is provided by the customer or the service provider.

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Cloud Types and it's Service Models
Deployment Models
• Deployment models define the type of access to the
cloud, i.e., how the cloud is located?
• Cloud can have any of the four types of access:
• Public Cloud
• allows systems and services to be easily accessible to
the general public. e.g., e-mail
• Private Cloud
• allows systems and services to be accessible within
an organization
• Hybrid cloud (mixture of public and private cloud)
• the critical activities are performed using private cloud
while the non-critical activities are performed using
public cloud.
• Community Cloud
• allows systems and services to be accessible by
group of organizations
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Cloud Types and it's Service Models
Service Models
• Service Models are the reference models on which the Cloud Computing is based.
• These can be categorized into three basic service models :
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
• The Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is the most basic level of service.
• Each of the service models make use of the underlying service model, i.e., each
inherits the security and management mechanism from the underlying model.
• There are many other service models all of which can take the form like XaaS, i.e.,
Anything as a Service.
• This can be Network as a Service (NaaS), Business as a Service (BaaS), Identity as a Service
(IaaS), Database as a Service (DaaS)
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Cloud Types and it's Service Models
• Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
• IaaS provides access to fundamental resources
such as physical machines, virtual machines, virtual
storage, etc.
• IaaS examples: AWS EC2, Rackspace, Google Compute
Engine (GCE), Digital Ocean, Magento 1 Enterprise
Edition*.

• Platform as a service (PaaS)

• PaaS provides the runtime environment for (End Users)
applications, development & deployment tools, etc.
• PaaS examples: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Heroku, Windows
Azure (mostly used as PaaS), Force.com, OpenShift,
(Application
Apache Stratos, Magento Commerce Cloud. Developers)

• Software as a service (SaaS)

• SaaS model allows to use software applications as (Infrastructure &
a service to end users. Network Architect)

• SaaS examples: BigCommerce, Google Apps, Salesforce,

Dropbox, MailChimp, ZenDesk, DocuSign, Slack, Hubspot. 15
Cloud Types and it's Service Models

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 Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Cost Efficiency – it takes considerably lesser cost than an on-premise technology and offers
enormous storage space, saving money and resources of the companies
• High Speed – lets us deploy the service quickly in fewer clicks within fewer minutes
• Excellent Accessibility –allows us to access it anywhere and anytime regardless of the machine
making it highly accessible and flexible technology
• Back-up and Restore Data – easier to get the back-up and recovery of the information and data
stored in the cloud
• Manageability – eliminates the need for IT infrastructure updates and maintenance since the
service provider ensures timely, guaranteed and seamless delivery of our services according to
the service level agreement (SLA)
• Sporadic Batch Processing – lets us add or subtract resources and services according to our
needs
• Strategic Edge – provides our company a competitive edge over the competitors when it comes
to accessing the latest and mission critical applications whenever we need them without having to
invest our time and money on installations
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 Benefits of Cloud Computing
• Access applications as utilities, over the Internet
• Manipulate and configure the application online at
any time
• It does not require installation of a specific software
to access or manipulate cloud application.
• Offers online development and deployment tools,
programming runtime environment through PaaS model.
• Cloud resources are available over the network in a
manner that provides platform independent access to
any type of clients.
• Offers on-demand self-service. The resources can be
used without interaction with cloud service provider.
• It is highly cost effective because it operates at higher
efficiencies with greater utilization.
• Offers load balancing that makes it more reliable
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 Challenges of Cloud Computing
• Security and Privacy - It is the biggest challenge to
cloud computing, which can be overcome by employing
encryption, security hardware and security applications.
• Portability - Each of the cloud provider uses different
standard languages for their platforms and is difficult to
migrate from one cloud provider to another.
• Interoperability - It means the application on one
platform should be able to incorporate services from the
other platforms.
• Computing Performance - Data intensive applications
on cloud requires high network bandwidth, which results
in high cost. Low bandwidth does not meet the desired
computing performance of cloud application.
• Reliability and Availability - Businesses are now
becoming dependent on services provided by third-
party.
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• Cloud Computing Applications

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Cloud Computing Applications
• Cloud Service Providers provide various applications in the field of art, business,
data storage and backup services, education, entertainment, management, social
networking, etc.
• The most widely used cloud computing applications are :-

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Cloud Computing Applications
Art Applications
• Cloud computing offers various art applications for quickly and easily
design attractive cards, booklets, and images.
• Some most commonly used cloud art applications are given below:
1. Moo - One of the best cloud art applications used for designing and printing
business cards, postcards, and mini cards.
2. Vistaprint - Allows us to easily design various printed marketing products
such as business cards, Postcards, Booklets, and wedding invitations cards.
3. Adobe Creative Cloud - Made for designers, artists, filmmakers, and other
creative professionals. It is a suite of apps which includes PhotoShop image
editing programming, Illustrator, InDesign, TypeKit, Dreamweaver, XD, and
Audition.

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 Cloud Computing Applications
Business Applications
• Today, every organization requires the cloud business application 24*7 to grow their business.
• There are the following business applications of cloud computing
1. MailChimp - email publishing platform which provides various options to design, send, and
save templates for emails.
2. Salesforce - cloud development platform which provides tools for sales, service, marketing, e-
commerce, and more.
3. Chatter - share important information about the organization in real time
4. Bitrix24 - provides communication, management, and social collaboration tools
5. Paypal - Paypal offers the simplest and easiest online payment mode using a secure internet
account.
6. Slack - Slack (Searchable Log of all Conversation and Knowledge) provides a user-friendly
interface that helps us to create public and private channels for communication.
7. Quickbooks - Quickbooks works on the terminology "Run Enterprise anytime, anywhere, on
any device." It provides online accounting solutions for the business with more than 20 users
to work simultaneously on the same system.

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 Cloud Computing Applications
Data Storage and Backup Applications
• Cloud computing allows us to store information (data, files, images,
audios, and videos) and provide security by offering various backup
recovery application for retrieving the lost data.
• A list of data storage and backup applications in the cloud: -
1. Box.com - Provides an online environment for secure
content management, workflow, and collaboration. Allows us to
store different files such as Excel, Word, PDF, and images on the
cloud and provides drag & drop service for files and easily
integrates with Office 365, G Suite, Salesforce etc.
2. Joukuu - Provides the simplest way to share and track cloud-
based backup files, search files, folders, and collaborate on
documents.
3. Google G Suite - One of the best cloud storage and backup
application the Google G Suite which includes Gmail, Google
Calendar, Docs, Forms, Google+, Hangouts, as well as cloud
storage and tools for managing cloud apps.
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 Cloud Computing Applications
Education Applications
• It offers various online distance learning platforms and student information portals to the students.
• Offers strong virtual classroom environments, ease of accessibility, secure data storage, scalability,
greater reach for the students, and minimal hardware requirements for the applications.
• There are the following education applications offered by the cloud -
1. Google Apps for Education - The most widely used platform for free web-based email,
calendar, documents, and collaborative study.
2. Chromebooks for Education - Designed for the purpose that it enhances education
innovation.
3. Tablets with Google Play for Education - Allows educators to quickly implement the latest
technology solutions into the classroom and make it available to their students.
4. AWS in Education - Provides an education-friendly environment to universities, community
colleges, and schools.

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 Cloud Computing Applications
Entertainment Applications
• Entertainment industries use a multi-cloud strategy to
interact with the target audience.
• Cloud computing offers various entertainment applications
such as online games and video conferencing.
1. Online games - Today, cloud gaming becomes one of
the most important entertainment media. It offers
various online games that run remotely from the cloud.
The best cloud gaming services are GeForce Now,
Vortex, Project xCloud, and PlayStation Now.
2. Video Conferencing Apps - Video conferencing apps
provides a simple and instant connected experience. It
allows us to communicate with our business partners,
friends, and relatives using a cloud-based video
conferencing. The benefits of using video conferencing
are that it reduces cost, increases efficiency, and
removes interoperability.
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 Cloud Computing Applications
Management Applications
• Cloud computing offers various cloud management tools which help admins to manage all types of
cloud activities, such as resource deployment, data integration, and disaster recovery.
• Provide administrative control over the platforms, applications, and infrastructure.
• Some important management applications are -
1. Toggl - Helps users to track allocated time period for a particular project.
2. Evernote - Allows us to sync and save our recorded notes, typed notes, and other notes in one
convenient place using platforms like Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, Browser, and Unix.
3. Outright - It is used by management users for the purpose of accounts to track income,
expenses, profits, and losses in real-time environment.
4. GoToMeeting - Provides Video Conferencing and online meeting apps, which allows us to
start a meeting with our business partners from anytime, anywhere using mobile phones or
tablets and perform the tasks related to the management such as join meetings, view
presentations on the shared screen, get alerts for upcoming meetings, etc.

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 Cloud Computing Applications
Social Applications
• Social cloud applications allow a large number of users to
connect with each other using social networking applications
such as Facebook, Twitter, Linkedln, etc.
• There are the following cloud based social applications -
1. Facebook - Social networking website/application which
allows active users to share files, photos, videos, status,
more to their friends, relatives, and business partners
using the cloud storage system.
2. Twitter - It is a social networking site and a
microblogging system. It allows users to follow high
profile celebrities, friends, relatives, and receive news by
sending and receiving short posts called tweets.
3. Yammer - Team collaboration tool that allows a team of
employees to chat, share images, documents, and
videos.
4. LinkedIn - LinkedIn is a social network for students,
freshers, and professionals.
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• Cloud Storage
• Cloud Services Requirements
• Cloud and Dynamic Infrastructure
• Cloud Adoption

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 Cloud Storage
• Cloud storage is the process of storing digital data
in an online space that spans multiple servers and
locations, and it is usually maintained by a hosting
company.
• Essentially, an individual or organization can store
and access data in this online space maintained
by a host service using the internet.
• You are likely using cloud storage already
• whether it is Microsoft Office 365, Dropbox, Google Drive
• or one of the other dozens of cloud storage providers.
• Even media sharing devices like Instagram and
YouTube or webmail clients like Gmail and
Hotmail fall into this category.
• Each of these services stores data – our data – on the
cloud.

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 Benefits of Cloud Storage
• Cloud Data Retrieval:
• We can retrieve data from virtually anywhere.
• Companies can now offer work- from-home and bring-your-own-device (BYOD) solutions.
• Collaboration:
• Many people can access the same data and tools, enabling teams to work together.
• Pay-As-You-Use:
• In the past, businesses had to purchase computing infrastructure – hardware, licenses,
equipment – based on their expectations on business growth for the next several years.
Companies tended to over-buy, fearing being underprepared, and were left with expensive
equipment and storage space they didn’t use.
• Cloud storage and virtualization allows businesses to pay for the data they actually use and
can scale and adjust up and down as their business needs and strategy change.
• Increased Capabilities:
• Small and medium-sized businesses of the past were only able to use the tools they could
afford. Today, using a cloud storage provider means SMBs can utilize the different services
the cloud provider offers for all their clients.
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 Challenges of Cloud Storage
• Attack Surface Area:
• This is a mathematical understanding of risk.
• By distributing data to more locations, the risk of that data being subject to unauthorized access
increases. More people = more risk of compromise. The cloud also uses the internet to transfer data.
• So, instead of data being transferred via a local area network (LAN), it uses a wide area network (WAN),
which increases the risk.
• Supplier Sustainability:
• What happens if the cloud storage provider goes bankrupt, suffers a disaster, or changes their business
strategy?
• Security:
• Many businesses store sensitive data, such as healthcare or financial records which are subject to strict
regulations.
• Putting this data in the hands of someone else can be a difficult decision to make.
• Understanding the safeguards cloud storage providers take and how our team will need to leverage those
tools for added security is an important step in migrating our data to the cloud.

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Types of Cloud Storage
1. Public Cloud
• Public cloud storage is basically compatible with unstructured data. It
provides a multi-tenant storage environment.
• The data store in multiple data centers and can access across
multiple regions for continents. The cloud storage providers
completely manage the public cloud storage.
2. Private Cloud
• Private cloud is mostly compatible with the customers you need to
customize their control over their data. Here, the enterprise and the
cloud storage providers combine the data center to serve the
customer better.
3. Hybrid Cloud
• Hybrid cloud is a combination of private and personal cloud which
can modify as per the demand. It provides more flexibility to the
customer and has more data deployment options.
• Hybrid cloud is suitable for both small and large sector organizations.
It is accessible from anywhere and can provide numerous amount of
benefits to the customer.

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 Cloud Storage Infrastructure
• Cloud storage has an infrastructure which bases on the
principle of virtualization in Cloud Computing.
• Virtualization eliminates the hardware by utilizing the
single hardware and making many virtual separations of
it.
• Its infrastructure is elastic, scalable, and multi-tenant.
With the help of proper tools, the whole infrastructure
can manage and information can store and retrieve
easily.
• With the help of ID and password, the whole content
can retrieve from anywhere and at any time.
• In addition, there are proper security measures which
authenticate the whole process of uploading and
downloading.

Generic Cloud Storage Architecture

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 Risk Related to Cloud Storage
• Security & Privacy
• Since data management and infrastructure management in cloud is provided by third-party, it is always a
risk to handover the sensitive information to such providers. Any sign of security breach would result in
loss of clients and businesses.
• Lock-in
• It is very difficult for the customers to switch from one Cloud Service Provider (CSP) to another.
• Isolation failure
• This risk involves the failure of isolation mechanism that separates storage, memory, routing between the
different tenants.
• Management interface compromise
• In case of public cloud provider, the customer management interfaces are accessible through the
Internet.
• Insecure or incomplete data deletion
• It is possible that the data requested for deletion may not get deleted. It happens either because extra
copies of data are stored but are not available or disk destroyed also stores data from other tenants.

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 Cloud Service Requirement
• Efficiency / Cost Reduction: By minimizing expenses in purchasing and maintaining equipment.
• Data Security: Cloud storage providers implement baseline protections for their platforms and the
data they process, such authentication, access control, and encryption.
• Scalability: It enables enterprise to efficiently -- and quickly -- scale up/down according to
business demands.
• Mobility: Cloud computing allows mobile access to corporate data via smartphones and devices,
which is a great way to ensure that no one is ever left out of the loop.
• Disaster Recovery: Data loss is a major concern for all organizations, along with data security.
Storing our data in the cloud guarantees that data is always available.
• Control: Cloud enables you complete visibility and control over our data. We can easily decide
which users have what level of access to what data.
• Market reach: Developing in the cloud enables users to get their applications to market quickly.
• Automatic Software Updates: Cloud-based applications automatically refresh and update
themselves.

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 Cloud and Dynamic Infrastructure

1. Service Management
2. Asset-Management
3. Virtualization and
Consolidation
4. Information Infrastructure
5. Energy-Efficiency
6. Security
7. Resilience

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 Cloud and Dynamic Infrastructure
1. Service Management: Includes visibility, automation and control to delivering the first-class IT
services.
2. Asset-Management: In this the assets or the property which is involved in providing the cloud
services are getting managed.
3. Virtualization and Consolidation: Consolidation is an effort to reduce the cost of a technology
by improving its operating efficiency and effectiveness. It means migrating from large number of
resources to fewer one, which is done by virtualization technology.
4. Information Infrastructure: It helps the business organizations to achieve the following:
Information compliance, availability of resources retention and security objectives.
5. Energy-Efficiency: Here the IT infrastructure or organization sustainable. It means it is not likely
to damage or effect any other thing.
6. Security: This cloud infrastructure is responsible for the risk management. Risk management
Refers to the risks involved in the services which are being provided by the cloud-service
providers.
7. Resilience: This infrastructure provides the feature of resilience means the services are resilient.
It means the infrastructure is safe from all sides. The IT operations will not be easily get affected.
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 Cloud Adoption
• Cloud adoption is a strategy used by
enterprises to improve the scalability of
Internet-based database capabilities while
reducing cost and risk.
• To achieve this, businesses engage in the
practice of cloud computing or using
remote servers hosted on the Internet to
store, manage, and process critical data.
• While cloud computing has been available
to the general public for several years,
hybrid cloud computing is a relatively
newer concept combining one or more
cloud providers, such as Amazon Web
Services, SAP HANA Cloud Platform,
VMWare, or Salesforce, with a private IT
infrastructure designed for a specific
organization.

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 Cloud Adoption
Who Needs Cloud Adoption?
1. Healthcare:
• Fueled by digital and social consumer behaviors and the need for secure and accessible electronic health records
(EHRs), hospitals, clinics, and other medical organizations are using cloud computing for document storage,
marketing, and human resources.
2. Marketing and Advertising:
• In an industry dependent on social media, as well as the quick creation and publishing of customer-relevant content,
agencies are using hybrid cloud adoption strategies to deliver critical client messages to their local and worldwide
audiences.
3. Retail:
• Internet-based retail is able to effectively market to customers and save their product data for less money.
4. Finance:
• Financial services institutions are now placing their email platforms and marketing tools in the cloud for efficient
expense management, human resources, and customer communications are three of the most important business
needs of today’s finance organizations.
5. Education:
• The cloud allows universities, private institutions, and K-12 public schools to provide learning, homework, and
grading systems online.
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 Cloud Adoption
Who Needs Cloud Adoption?
1. Healthcare:
• Fueled by digital and social consumer behaviors and the need for secure and accessible electronic health records
(EHRs), hospitals, clinics, and other medical organizations are using cloud computing for document storage,
marketing, and human resources.
2. Marketing and Advertising:
• In an industry dependent on social media, as well as the quick creation and publishing of customer-relevant content,
agencies are using hybrid cloud adoption strategies to deliver critical client messages to their local and worldwide
audiences.
3. Retail:
• Internet-based retail is able to effectively market to customers and save their product data for less money.
4. Finance:
• Financial services institutions are now placing their email platforms and marketing tools in the cloud for efficient
expense management, human resources, and customer communications are three of the most important business
needs of today’s finance organizations.
5. Education:
• The cloud allows universities, private institutions, and K-12 public schools to provide learning, homework, and
grading systems online.
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 Grid Computing
• It is a distributed computing resource
to accomplish a common goal.
• It is connected by parallel nodes that
form a computer cluster and runs on
an operating system. It is a distributed
system with non-interactive workloads
including a large number of files.
• The cluster can be either a small work
station or a large network. Its common
uses are ATM banking, back-end User
Node
Control Provider
Node
infrastructure, and scientific marketing
research.
• We can make grid computing with the
help of the application, which can use
for computation problem. That are
connected in a parallel networking
environment.
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 Utility Computing
• Utility computing is a service provisioning model.
• This service provisioning modeling provides
computing resources and infrastructure
management to the customer as per their demand.
• The customers are charged for them as you go
basis without any upfront cost.
• The utility model maximizes the efficient use of
resources while minimizing the associated cost.
• Utility computing has an advantage that there will
be a low initial cost to acquire computer resources.
• The customer can access the infinite amount of
computing solution with the help of the internet or a
virtual private network. A provider can perform, the
backend infrastructure and computing resources
management.

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Questions

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 Questions
1. How the term cloud has been instantiated in cloud computing ? Discuss the benefits of adapting cloud computing
environments. 2076
2. Define cloud computing. Discuss the challenges in cloud computing environments. 2078
3. How can you define cloud service? Describe the characteristics of a cloud service. 2071(I)
4. What is the need for adapting hybrid cloud deployment model? How this model differs from public and private deployment
models? 2076
5. Explain the cloud computing model and its benefits. 2069
6. Explain the components of cloud computing. 2072
7. What do you mean by cloud? Describe the basic characteristics of a cloud. 2073
8. Define the term cloud in cloud computing. Conceptualize self-provisioning and provisioning capability in cloud computing.
2074
9. Describe about cloud based services. What are the challenges in cloud computing? Model
10. How grid computing differs from cloud computing? Justify what the self-service provisioning and multitenacy properties of
cloud computing means? 2071(II)
11. How cloud computing is different than traditional on premise computing? How properties like elasticity and scalability
influence cloud computing? 2075
12. Discuss the features that make cloud computing better than traditional on premise computing. 2078
13. Differentiate between each of private, public and hybrid cloud models with suitable examples. 2071(I)
14. How grid computing architecture is different than cloud computing architecture? 2078
15. How cloud services can be deployed? In which scenario hybrid cloud model is better to deploy? How it can be used in
cloud? 2075
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 Questions
1. How grid computing differs from cloud computing? Justify what the elasticity and multitenancy properties of cloud
computing means?
2. Explain the cloud deployment models. 2069
3. What type of deployment models can be adopted in cloud computing. Describe each of them with suitable example. 2073
4. What is virtualization? How cloud services are based on the concept of virtualization? 2078
5. What are the differences between public clouds and private clouds? 2069
6. What do you mean by virtualization? What is the role of virtualization in cloud computing? Model
7. What is the use of grid computing? How computing in grid architecture differs from cloud architecture? Explain. 2075
8. Differentiate platform as a service, infrastructure as a service and software as a service with each other. 2078
9. How managed service providers evolved as cloud service providers? How multi purpose architectures have been adapted
by them? 2078
10. Define service oriented architecture. Why it is defined as black-box and loosely coupled architecture? 2078
11. What is intrusion detection? How network intrusion detection systems are implemented in cloud networks? 2078
12. Explain the different approaches for enforcing host security in a cloud environment. 2071(I)
13. What is disaster in cloud? How disaster management is done in cloud infrastructures? 2078
14. How the Jericho Cloud Cube model dimensions like perimeterised, de-perimeterised and proprietary, open differentiate
the cloud formations from each other? 2073
15. Write short notes on:
a. Jericho Cube Model 2078
b. Grid Computing 2071,2073, 2076

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The End

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