Namal University, Mianwali
Department of Electrical Engineering
EE-343 (L) Communication Systems
Lab Project Report
Digital Modulation and Reconstruction of Analog Signal using ASK in MATLAB
Student Name Roll No.
Muskan Aman Khan NUM-BSEE-2022-04
Date: 6/12/2025
Instructor: Dr. Sajjad Ur Rehman
Lab Engineer: Engr. Faizan Ahmad
Page | 1
Contents
Introduction: ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Literature: ........................................................................................................................................... 3
Block Diagram:................................................................................................................................... 4
Methodology:...................................................................................................................................... 6
1. Input Signal Generation .............................................................................................................. 6
2. Sampling ................................................................................................................................... 10
3. Quantization.............................................................................................................................. 12
4. ASK Modulation ........................................................................................................................... 14
5. Demodulation ............................................................................................................................... 19
6. Low-Pass Filtering ........................................................................................................................ 21
7. Output ........................................................................................................................................... 23
Results and Discussion: .................................................................................................................... 24
Conclusions: ..................................................................................................................................... 25
Page | 2
Introduction:
This project involves the digital modulation and demodulation of an analog signal through Amplitude
Shift Keying (ASK). A sine wave is sampled, quantized, and transformed into a digital signal. It is
then modulated using ASK with a high-frequency carrier wave, transmitted, and later demodulated
at the receiver. A Butterworth low-pass filter is used to retrieve the analog signal. The goal is to
examine the quality of signal reconstruction and reduce distortion between the analog waveforms
transmitted and received.
Literature:
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) is a fundamental digital modulation technique that changes the
amplitude of a carrier wave based on digital information. In its most basic form—on-off keying—
the carrier is ON for binary 1 and OFF for binary 0. ASK is simple to deploy and ideal for low-power,
short-range uses like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and optical communication. In this
project, ASK modulates a quantized and sampled analog sine wave for digital transmission and
reconstruction with MATLAB Simulink. [1]
Page | 3
Block Diagram:
Page | 4
Figure 1 Block Diagram
Page | 5
Methodology:
Simulink System Display:
The system is implemented using MATLAB Simulink, and consists of the following modules:
1. Input Signal Generation
• A continuous sine wave of amplitude 1 is generated using the Sine Wave block.
• An Impulse Train block is used to create sampling pulses.
Page | 6
Input Sine Wave:
Page | 7
Input Sine Wave Generator Parameters:
Page | 8
Impulse Train:
Page | 9
2. Sampling
• The analog signal is multiplied with the impulse train using a Product block, producing a
sampled waveform.
Page | 10
Sampled Signal:
Page | 11
3. Quantization
• The sampled signal is passed through a Quantizer block to discretize the amplitude levels.
• Quantization step size is carefully selected to reduce error without overcomplicating the
design.
Page | 12
Quantized Signal:
Page | 13
4. ASK Modulation
• The quantized digital signal is multiplied by a high-frequency carrier signal using a
Product block.
• This results in an ASK modulated waveform.
Page | 14
Baseband Signal:
Page | 15
Carrier Signal:
Page | 16
Carrier Generator Parameters:
Page | 17
Modulated Signal:
Page | 18
5. Demodulation
• The modulated signal is again multiplied by the same carrier wave.
• This produces a baseband signal mixed with higher-frequency components.
Page | 19
Demodulated Signal:
Page | 20
6. Low-Pass Filtering
• A Butterworth low-pass filter is used to extract the original signal.
• Filter order was experimentally tuned to order 5, which balances reconstruction accuracy
and computational cost.
• Cutoff frequency is set slightly above the sine wave frequency to remove high-frequency
noise while preserving the base signal.
Page | 21
Page | 22
7. Output
• The reconstructed signal is viewed using Scope blocks at each major stage.
Page | 23
Results and Discussion:
The output analog waveform seen after demodulation and filtering displays a sinusoidal form with
slight amplitude distortion. The output shows that while the signal shape is maintained, the peaks are
not entirely smooth because of quantization and leftover high-frequency noise.
This distortion was mainly because of:
1. Limited quantization precision
2. Marginally inefficient low pass filtering during initial tests
Page | 24
Conclusions:
The project effectively implements the entire procedure of transforming an analog signal into digital
format, modulating it using ASK modulation scheme, sending and demodulating it, and ultimately
recreating the initial analog waveform. Despite certain limitations in quantization and filtering, the
reconstructed signal closely resembles the input waveform, confirming the effectiveness of ASK for
these applications.
References:
[1] https://www.open.edu/openlearn/digital-computing/exploring-communications-
technology/content-section-1.4
Page | 25
