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Physics Basics Notes

This document provides an overview of fundamental physics concepts, including the definition of physics, key quantities like distance and velocity, and Newton's laws of motion. It covers forces, gravity, work, energy, waves, sound, and electricity basics, along with important formulas and principles such as the conservation of energy and Ohm's Law. Quick tips for studying physics are also included to aid understanding and problem-solving.

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43 views3 pages

Physics Basics Notes

This document provides an overview of fundamental physics concepts, including the definition of physics, key quantities like distance and velocity, and Newton's laws of motion. It covers forces, gravity, work, energy, waves, sound, and electricity basics, along with important formulas and principles such as the conservation of energy and Ohm's Law. Quick tips for studying physics are also included to aid understanding and problem-solving.

Uploaded by

Elsa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

🌀 Physics Basics

🧲 1. What Is Physics?
●​ The study of matter, energy, and the laws that govern how the universe works.​

●​ It asks: Why does stuff move? Why does it stop? And how does lightning happen without Wi-Fi?​

🔧 2. Key Quantities
●​ Distance (m) – How far something travels.​

●​ Displacement (m) – Change in position (with direction).​

●​ Speed (m/s) – Distance ÷ Time.​

●​ Velocity (m/s) – Speed with direction.​

●​ Acceleration (m/s²) – Change in velocity ÷ time.​

🚗 Example: A car speeding up from 0 to 60 km/h? That’s acceleration, baby.

⚖️ 3. Newton’s Laws of Motion


1.​ Law of Inertia: An object stays still or keeps moving unless something forces it to change.​

2.​ F = ma: Force = mass × acceleration.​

3.​ Action = Reaction: For every action, there’s an equal and opposite reaction.​

Push a wall. It pushes you back. Harder than your social anxiety at group projects.

💥 4. Forces
●​ Measured in Newtons (N).​

●​ Types:​

○​ Gravity: Attractive force between masses.​

○​ Friction: Opposes motion.​


○​ Normal Force: Upward support force from a surface.​

○​ Tension: From strings, ropes, etc.​

○​ Air Resistance: Friction from air.​

⬇️ 5. Gravity & Free Fall


●​ g = 9.8 m/s² (on Earth)​

●​ In free fall (ignoring air resistance), everything accelerates downward at 9.8 m/s².​

🧪 6. Work, Energy & Power


●​ Work = Force × Distance (W = F × d)​

●​ Energy:​

○​ Kinetic (KE) = ½mv²​

○​ Potential (PE) = mgh​

●​ Power = Work ÷ Time (measured in Watts)​

🔋 7. Laws of Energy
●​ Conservation of Energy: Energy can’t be created or destroyed, only changed.​

Falling = PE turns into KE until ouch.

🌊 8. Waves & Sound


●​ Wave: Disturbance that transfers energy.​

○​ Transverse: Moves perpendicular (like light).​

○​ Longitudinal: Moves parallel (like sound).​

●​ Frequency (Hz): How often a wave passes a point.​

●​ Wavelength (λ): Distance between wave peaks.​


More frequency = higher pitch. Shorter wavelength = cooler sunglasses.

💡 9. Electricity Basics
●​ Current (I) = flow of charge (amps)​

●​ Voltage (V) = electric potential energy​

●​ Resistance (R) = opposition to flow (ohms Ω)​

Ohm’s Law:​
V=I×R

Think of current as water, voltage as pressure, and resistance as the clog in the pipe.

🧠 Quick Tips:
●​ Label your diagrams.​

●​ Use units — always!​

●​ Check formulas with dimensional analysis.​

●​ If it's not moving and you're confused, it's probably a forces problem.​

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