Mathematics and Applied Mathematics

Mathematical Sciences

Study Guide

WTW 258
Calculus

2022
Semester 1
 WTW258 CALCULUS

STUDY GUIDE 2022 (Semester 1)

ORGANISATIONAL COMPONENT

1. Admittance to the course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2. Lecturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3. Rules of Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

4. Tutorial classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

5. Text book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

6. Pre-knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

7. Learning hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

8. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

STUDY COMPONENT

1. Use of the study guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2. General objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3. General learning outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4. Module structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Theme 1 : Real functions of several variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Theme 2 : Multiple integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Theme 3 : Calculus of vector functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

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 ORGANISATIONAL COMPONENT

1. ADMITTANCE TO THE COURSE

The prerequisites for WTW258 is a pass mark for WTW158 and WTW164.

2. LECTURERS
Module coordinator: Mrs L Mostert
Lecturers Office Tel office e-mail address
Prof M Chapwanya Mathematics 1-46 420 2837 [Link]@[Link]
Dr G Maluleke gazamaluleke@[Link]
Miss MP Möller Mathematics 2-19 012-420-2279 [Link]@[Link]
Mrs L Mostert Mathematics 1-18 012-420-2010 [Link]@[Link]
Dr DV Moubandjo Botany 2-9 012-420-5476 [Link]@[Link]
Consulting hours
Hours of consultation with lecturers will be displayed on their office doors and/or
clickUP. Students may consult lecturers only during the consulting hours as indi-
cated, or by appointment. This policy also holds before tests and examinations. In
other words, lecturers are only available during their normal consulting hours on
the day before a test or examination. This policy aims at encouraging students to
plan their work and to work continuously.

3. RULES OF ASSESSMENT
Evaluation will take the form of regular tutorial tests, two semester tests and a final
examination.
The examination and test instructions of the University of Pretoria must be followed
meticulously.

3.1 Material for semester tests

Material for semester tests will be published on clickUP.

3.2 Semester tests

The two semester tests will be written during the following test weeks:
Semester test 1 : Saturday 26 March 2022 – Saturday 2 April 2022
Semester test 2 : Saturday 21 May 2022 – Saturday 28 May 2022
The exact dates will be announced later on clickUP.

3.3 Tutorial tests

Tutorial tests are written on a regular basis in the tutorial classes. They cover both
theory and problems of the relevant section that are posted weekly on clickUP. You
may be expected to submit the tests online while in the tutorial venue.
Important: All the tutorial tests that are graded by the lecturers and of which
the marks are entered will contribute to the semester mark.

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3.4 Marked tests
File all your marked tutorial tests and semester tests. They are your only proof
that you have indeed written the tests. Any problems regarding entered marks will
only be considered when you bring all the tests to the lecturer, not just the one’s
that are queried (of course this is only applicable to tests not submitted online).

3.5 Arrangements with respect to tests and examinations

• Student cards must be produced at request at tests or examinations.

• No answer books may be removed from the test / examination venue by any
student (this is a serious misconduct).
• All queries concerning the grading of a specific test must be finalized within
3 (three) days after receipt of the graded test. After three days it is assumed
that all marks are final and correct and no further discussion will be entered
into.

3.6 Absence from tests and examinations

In the case of absence from examinations the relevant faculty administration
should be informed.
In the case of absence from tests (tutorial tests and semester tests) the lecturer
concerned must be notified within three days from the date of the test.
Valid original sick notes are accepted if issued by a medical doctor registered at the
Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). The only other type of sick
note that is accepted are those issued by an Advanced Practice Nurse (a registered
nurse with a postgraduate qualification) as determined by the South African Nurs-
ing Council who has a BHCF practice number, provided that the diagnosis falls only
within their specific field of specialisation. An affidavit will only be accepted if sup-
ported by substantiating documentation, e.g. case report or criminal charge with
case number obtained from a police station, valid medical certificate for injuries, a
death certificate for a funeral, etc. Please note that submission of fraudulent sick
notes and affidavits is a criminal offense, which will lead to disciplinary action and
may result in dismissal.

• In the case of illness, follow the procedure below and take note of the require-
ments for an acceptable medical certificate.
– Hand in a copy of the medical certificate with the lecturer concerned in
person. Your initials, surname and student number must be written clearly
at the back of the copy.
– The original certificate must accompany the copy and therefore certificates
that are e-mailed to the lecturer will not be accepted.
– A medical certificate stating that a student appeared ill or declared himself
/ herself unfit to write a class test or semester test, will not be accepted.
– The doctor must be consulted on or before the date of the scheduled class
test / semester test.
• Do not slide medical certificates under the door of a lecturer. Certificates that
are received as such, will not be accepted.

3
 • In the case that the three day deadline can not be met (due to unavoidable
circumstances), the student must notify the lecturer concerned/module coor-
dinator of his / her situation (by phoning, e-mail or via a fellow student).

The same rules apply in the case of absence, with a satisfactory proof of the reason
for absence, due to other circumstances.

3.7 Sick test

Once a student has written any test he/she may not write a sick test (regardless
of illness or any other circumstances) to improve the mark. (The same applies for
the examination and re-examination.)
There will be a separate sick test for semester test 1 and one for semester test 2.
Writing the sick test is compulsory for a student absent (with a valid proof of
absence) from one or both semester tests. If the sick test is not written (regardless
of the reason for not writing) a mark of 0% will be given for the specific semester
test that has not been written.
Information regarding the sick tests will be posted on clickUP during the test week.
It is the responsibility of the student to get the information regarding
the sick test. Sick test 1 may be written in the week directly after the first test
week or at the same time as sick test 2 directly after the second test week.
It is the responsibility of the student to get the information regarding the sick test.
There is no sick test for absence from any of the tutorial tests. Absence from a
tutorial test with a valid reason will be taken in account when calculating the final
tutorial test mark.

3.8 Calculations of marks

Semester mark Final mark
Semester test 1 30% Semester mark 50%
Semester test 2 40% Examination mark 50%
Class tests 30%

3.9 Examination: Admittance and pass requirements

• To obtain admittance to the examination a semester mark of at least 40% is

required.

• To pass the course a final mark of at least 50% is required and a subminimum
of 40% for the examination.

3.10 Supplementary examination

A student qualifies for a supplementary examination if he/she complies with one of
the following criteria:

• the final mark is between 45% and 49%,

• the final mark is between 40% and 44% and either the examination mark or
the semester mark is at least 50%.

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 The final mark for a supplementary examination is the average of the semester
mark and the supplementary examination mark.
To pass the course a final mark of 50% is required and a subminimum of 40% for
the supplementary examination.
The final mark awarded may not be more than 50%.

3.11 Winter school

Refer also to General Regulation G.12.6.

(i) To gain entry into Winter school a student:

(a) must have obtained exam entry for the module in the previous semester
and received a final mark of at least 40%.
(b) may be allowed into Winter School if exam entry was obtained in the
previous exam, the final mark of 40% was not obtained AND it is the only
outstanding second year module.
(c) may be allowed into Winter School if exam entry was obtained in the
preceding June exam, the final mark of 40% was not obtained AND it is
the only outstanding module from the previous academic year.
(ii) If a student fails the Winter School presented, the module needs to be repeated.
(iii) If a student qualifies to do more than one Winter school and there is an overlap
between the Winter Schools, the student needs to choose between the two. You
can’t do both.

No exceptions are made.

4. TUTORIAL CLASSES
Attendance of all classes and tutorial classes is compulsory and if students do not
attend they could be penalized. You may not attend another tutorial class as
the one that you are allocated to. If you do attend another tutorial class
the test will not be taken into consideration and you will be regarded as
absent.
All the problems as indicated in the study guide must be done. The assignments
for the tutorial classes will be posted weekly on clickUp. You are expected to

• prepare the theoretical part thoroughly before the tutorial class and
• do all the exercises for the tutorial class beforehand. The idea of the tutorial
class is to sort out the problems that you had while preparing for the tutorial
class and not to start doing the exercises in the tutorial class.

5. TEXT BOOK
James Stewart : CALCULUS Early Transcendentals (Eighth Edition)

6. PRE-KNOWLEDGE
You are advised to revise certain sections of first year Calculus. It is your responsi-
bility to do the necessary revision in time.

5
 For Theme 1: All the work in Lecture units 1.1 to 1.3 as well as maximum and
minimum values of functions of one variable.
For Theme 2: Techniques of integration : Standard integrals, integration by parts
and the integration of powers of sin and cos.

7. LEARNING HOURS
This module carries a weighting of 8 credits, indicating that on average a student
should spend about 80 hours to master the required skills (including time for prepa-
ration for tests and examinations). A student must devote on average 6 hours
of study time per week to this module. The scheduled contact time is approx-
imately 3 hours per week which means that another 3 hours per week of own study
time should be devoted to the module. The actual time required to complete the
module successfully, depends on the abilities and circumstances of each student.

8. GENERAL

8.1 Announcements:
The study guide does not necessarily contain all the information. Important an-
nouncements may be made during lectures and will be posted on clickUP.

8.2 ClickUP
All important information will appear on clickUP.

8.3 Pigeon holes:

If you are in the Mathematics building with room 1-14 to your right and the notice
board to your left, you look at the pigeon holes for the course. All unclaimed class
tests (not applicable if you submitted online) will be put in the pigeon holes.

8.4 Calculators
In semester tests/examination and most of the tutorial tests students may not use
calculators at all.
Only the prescribed calculators, that is Sharp EL 531, Casio FX 82 or Casio FX
82 Plus, may be used in tutorial tests when calculators are allowed.

8.5 Previous semester tests and examination papers

Enquiries with regard to semester tests and examination papers of previous years will
only be answered after the student provided proof that all the prescribed problems
of the relevant tutorial classes have already been done. We strongly advise students
not to put too much emphasis on previous papers when preparing for the tests and
examinations.

8.6 Application for extra time during semester tests and examinations
Students who need extra time for semester tests and examinations must get a valid
and applicable document (a letter on a letter heading from the Faculty of Engineer-
ing) from student administration (floor 6, Engineering 1). No other letter will be
accepted.
A copy of this letter must be handed in at the module coordinator not later than a
week before the first semester test. The original letter must also be shown.

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8.7 Disciplinary cases
The policy of the Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics is without
exception to refer all cases where a suspicion of irregularity exists to the disciplinary
committee of the university.

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FLY@UP encourages students to make use of the available UP resources in order to finish their
degrees in the shortest possible time.
• Think carefully before dropping modules (after the closing date for amendments or
cancellation of modules).
• Make responsible choices with your time and work consistently.
• Aim for a good semester mark. Don’t rely on the examination to pass.

Faculty student advisors Library

[Link]

Student Provides counselling and therapeutic 012 420 2333

Counselling Unit support to students.
SA Depression Offers two 24-hour telephonic 0800 747 747
and Anxiety counselling and referrals to traumatised
Group (SADAG) staff and students.
CROSS ROAD Counselling of vulnerable women that Zelda – 082 6600 554
Help Centre find themselves in a pregnancy crisis.
Student Health Promotes and assists students with 012 420 5233/3423
Services health and wellness.
The Careers Provides support for UP students and careerservices@[Link]
Office graduates as they prepare for their 012 420 2315
careers.
Department of 24-hour Operational Management 012 420-2310 / 012 420-2760
Security Services Centre 083 654 0476
24-hour Operational Manager cell 0800 006 428
Crisis Line
Department of Enquiries concerning studies, 012 420 2371/4001
Student Affairs accommodation, food, funds, social Roosmaryn Building, Hatfield
activities and personal problems. campus
Centre for Identifies and provides training of student 012 420 4391
Sexualities, AIDS peer counsellors.
and Gender
Disability Unit Provides specialised services to students 012 420 2064
with disabilities.
Fees and funding [Link]/studentportals 012 420 3111
[Link]/student-fees
IT Helpdesk 012 420 3051

Green Route From 18:00 till 06:00 Security Officers are available to escort you (on foot) to
and from your residence or campus anywhere east of the Hatfield campus
through to the LC de Villiers terrain.
Departure point is next to the ABSA ATM next to the Merensky Library.
Phone the Operational Management Centre if you need a Security Officer to
fetch you from the residence to the campus.

FLY@UP | The Finish Line is Yours | [Link]/fly@up | email: fly@[Link]

Academic support
• Tutors allocated to the module
• the EBIT Faculty Student Advisor (FSA)
Please make an appointment with the FSA at Loeloeraai House corner of Prospect and Festival
Street (Gate 9)

FSA Contact details

Ms Caitlin Barford Hatfield Campus, Loeloeraai House 012 420 3757
Sportscience Whatsapp: 0660670359
[Link]@[Link]
Online Calendar Link: [Link]
Ms Madeleine van Meyeren Hatfield Campus, Loeloeraai 012 420 6532
[Link]@[Link]
Online Calendar Link: [Link]
Ms Rumaine Naidoo Hatfield Campus, Loeloeraai 012 420 4565
[Link]@[Link]
Online Calendar Link: [Link]
Ms Zonele Mdiya Hatfield Campus, Loeloeraai House 012 420 4854
Whatsapp: 0713214419
[Link]@[Link]
Online Calendar Link: [Link]
Ms Maridian Mawelele Hatfield Campus, Loeloeraai House 012 420 4934
Whatsapp: 0795295077
[Link]@[Link]
Online Calendar link: [Link]

Students with special needs:

The University of Pretoria is keen to accommodate students with special needs. These needs are
catered for without influencing academic standards. It is, however, the student’s responsibility to
inform the lecturer in good time of any special needs in order to ensure effective communication in
this regard. The student should contact the Disability Unit and speak to the lecturer.
E-learning support:
Report a problem you experience to the Student Help Desk.
o Approach the assistants at the help desks (adjacent to the Student Computer Laboratories
in IT Building, NW2, CBT, etc).
o Visit the Open Labs situated in the Informatorium Building to report the problem at the
offices of the Student Help Desk.
o Call 012 420 3837 (IT Support for Students)
o Student Related Problems (Clickup, Registration, Passwords) – 012 420 3111
o Email studenthelp@[Link]
 STUDY COMPONENT

1. USE OF THE STUDY GUIDE

1.1 The course is divided into a number of THEMES. Each theme is subdivided
into LECTURE UNITS, each with its own LEARNING OUTCOMES, in order
to provide you with an overview of the structure of the course. It also tells you
exactly what is expected from you.

1.2 The material you have to master is indicated clearly in the learning outcomes
and under the heading SOURCE. Unless indicated otherwise, you must com-
prehend and know everything in full. Please note that amongst other reasons,
the text book is prescribed to accustom you with the book in order that you
will be able to do further reading about topics not covered in the course when
you need more information on such topics.

1.3 The LEARNING OUTCOMES are basic guidelines. It does not mean that
examination questions will consist only of theory and the type of problems spelt
out in the outcomes. It may sometimes be necessary to combine your knowledge
of different themes to solve a problem. The first step however remains to check
after each lecture unit that you have indeed reached the set learning outcomes.

1.4 The tutorial problems test whether you have reached the learning outcomes.
Solving problems also ensures that you get the necessary training in the appli-
cation of your knowledge. It is of utmost importance that these problems are
done as soon as possible after the completion of a lecture unit. In this way you
ensure that you do not lapse behind.

2. GENERAL OBJECTIVES
To introduce the theory and applications of the differential and integral Calculus of
multi-variable functions.

3. GENERAL LEARNING OUTCOMES

After completion of this module you should be able to

3.1 sketch and recognise two-variable functions as surfaces;

3.2 find, interpret and apply tangent planes and normal vectors to surfaces;
3.3 find, interpret and apply directional derivatives of multi-variable functions;
3.4 find, interpret and apply extreme values of multi-variable functions;
3.5 find, interpret and apply double, triple, line and surface integrals of multi-
variable functions;
3.6 interpret and apply the basic integral theorems of multi-variable functions.

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4. MODULE STRUCTURE

The subject matter for the course is divided into three themes:

THEME 1 : REAL FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES (6 lectures)

1.1 Functions of several variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.2 Partial derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.3 Tangent planes and linear approximations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.4 The chain rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.5 Directional derivatives and the gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.6 Maximum and minimum values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

THEME 2 : MULTIPLE INTEGRALS (7 lectures)

2.1 Double integrals and Iterated integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.2 Double integrals in Polar coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3 Triple integrals for functions of three variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4 Triple integrals in Cylindrical and in Spherical coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5 Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

THEME 3 : CALCULUS OF VECTOR FUNCTIONS (11 lectures)

3.1 Vector fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.2 Line integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.3 The Fundamental Theorem for line integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.4 Green’s Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.5 Rotation and Divergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.6 Parametric surfaces and their areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.7 The Surface integral and Flux integral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.8 Stokes’s Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.9 The Divergence Theorem of Gauss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

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STUDY THEME 1 : REAL FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES
We consider functions with domain in IR2 or IR3 and real function values. An example
of such a function is one denoting the temperature at a given position on a heated plate.
The aim of this theme is the study of the differential calculus for functions of several
variables.
This theme is divided into 6 lecture units:
1.1 Functions of several variables  1 lecture
1.2 Partial derivatives
Self study
1.3 Tangent planes and linear approximations
1.4 The chain rule 1 lecture
1.5 Directional derivatives and the gradient 2 lectures
1.6 Maximum and minimum values 2 lectures

1.1 FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 1 (REVISION)
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. explain what is meant by a function of several variables.

2. determine the domain and range of a function of several variables.
3. sketch circles, ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas and straight lines in the plane
from their Cartesian equations.
4. represent the well-known surfaces such as planes, paraboloids, cones, spheres,
ellipsoids and cylinders geometrically in space by determining their curves of
intersection with the coordinate planes.
5. derive curves of intersection between the above mentioned surfaces and sketch
their projections on the three coordinate planes.
6. identify and sketch contour diagrams of a given function.
7. use functions that are defined numerically.

Remark
You need not to be able to sketch a hyperboloid or a hyperbolic paraboloid. (Thus
you may leave Examples 5 and 6 on p 836 – 837.)
SOURCE
Calculus : Section 12.6, p 834 – 839.
Calculus : Section 14.1, p 888 – 898.
PROBLEMS

1. Find the domain and range and sketch the following functions:
2 2
(1) f (x, y) = 6− 2x − 3y (2) f (x, y) = 4 − x
−y
(3) f (x, y) = 4 − x2 − y 2 (4) f (x, y) = 4 − x2 + y 2
(5) f (x, y) = 4 − x (6) f (x, y) = 4 − y 2
(7) f (x, y) = 4

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 2. Sketch the surface:
(1) x2 + y 2 = 9 (2) 4x2 + y 2 + 2z 2 = 8
(3) y = x2 + 4z 2 (4) y 2 = x2 + 4z 2
(5) y 2 + z 2 = 4
3. Sketch:

(1) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2, g(x, y) = 2 − f (x, y) and h(x, y) = f (x, y − 2)
(2) x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4y (3) x2 + (y − 2)2 = 4, z ∈ IR
(4) the closed region bounded by the surfaces f (x, y) = 6 − x2 − y 2 and
g(x, y) = x2 + y 2 . Also find the curve of intersection of these surfaces.
4. Sketch a few level curves of the following functions:
y
(1) f (x, y) = x2 + 9y 2 (2) f (x, y) = 2 2
(3) f (x, y) = yex
x +y
5. Describe the level surfaces of the function:
(1) f (x, y, z) = x + y + z (2) f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2
(3) f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 − z
6. Find and sketch the domain of the following functions:
 
(1) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 − 1+ln(9−x2 −y 2 ) (2) f (x, y, z) = 4 − x2 − y 2 − 4z 2
7. Exercises 14.1 p 899 nos 7; 10; 18; 21; 35; 37

1.2 PARTIAL DERIVATIVES

SELF STUDY (REVISION)
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. use the definition to determine partial derivatives of functions of two variables.

2. find partial derivatives of functions of two or three variables.
3. interpret partial derivatives of functions of two variables geometrically.
4. estimate partial derivatives from contour diagrams.
5. estimate partial derivatives from numerical data.
6. calculate higher order partial derivatives.
7. use the different notations for higher order partial derivatives.
8. discuss when the second order mixed partial derivatives of a function of two
variables will be equal.
9. use implicit differentiation to find partial derivatives.

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 14.3, p 911 – 920.
PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 14.3 p 923 nos 10; 11; 20; 26; 36; 50; 61; 66; 69; 98

11
 x+y ∂u ∂u ∂u
2. If u = , find , and .
y+z ∂x ∂y ∂z
3. Use the definition to find fx (0, 0) and fy (0, 0) if
⎧ 3
⎨ x + 2y 3
, (x, y) = (0, 0)
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
⎩
0 , (x, y) = (0, 0)

1.3 TANGENT PLANES AND LINEAR APPROXIMATIONS

SELF STUDY (REVISION)
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. find the equation of the tangent plane to the surface z = f (x, y) at a point.
2. find a linear approximation (tangent plane approximation) for a function of
two variables at a point and use it to estimate function values.
3. describe which conditions the partial derivatives must satisfy for a function of
two variables to be differentiable at a point.
4. explain what it means geometrically if a function is differentiable at a point.

Remark
You may leave the definition of differentiability (that is Definition 7 on p 930).
SOURCE
Calculus : Section 14.4, p 927 – 932.
PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 14.4 p 934 nos 2; 6; 11; 19; 20

2. Determine whether f is differentiable at (0, 0) if
i. f (x, y) = x2 + 4y 2

ii. f (x, y) = x2 + 4y 2

1.4 THE CHAIN RULE

NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 1
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. use the chain rule for composite functions.

2. find higher order derivatives by means of the chain rule.
3. find partial derivatives for functions that are defined implicitly.

12
 SOURCE
Calculus : Section 14.5, p 937 – 943.
PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 14.5 p 943 nos 3; 5; 9; 11; 14; 15; 25; 33; 34; 39; 43; 45; 49; 51
y z  ∂u ∂u ∂u
3
2. If u = x f , show that x +y +z = 3u
x x ∂x ∂y ∂z

1.5 DIRECTIONAL DERIVATIVES AND THE GRADIENT

NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. explain the geometrical interpretation of a directional derivative of a function

of two variables.
2. estimate directional derivatives from contour diagrams or tables.
3. find the gradient of a function at a point and use it.
4. write the directional derivative in terms of the gradient and be able to use it
to determine directional derivatives.
5. derive the theorem on the maximum value of the directional derivative at a
point and the direction in which it is reached and be able to use it.
6. apply the connection between the direction in which a function increases most
rapidly and the direction of the gradient.
7. apply the fact that the gradient is perpendicular to the level curves of functions
of two variables.
8. apply the fact that the gradient is orthogonal on the level surfaces of a function
of three variables.
9. determine the equations of normal lines and tangent planes using the gradient.

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 14.6, p 946 – 956.
PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 14.6 p 956 nos 1; 5; 7; 10; 13; 17; 19; 21; 25; 27(b); 32;
36; 38; 41; 44; 50; 54; 55
2. Find the point on the paraboloid z = 9 − 4x2 − y 2 at which the tangent plane
is parallel to the plane z = 4y.
3. Find the point on the surface z = 2x2 −y 2 +3y where the normal line is parallel
to the line that joins the points A(1, 1, 2) and B(9, −4, 3).

13
1.6 MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM VALUES
NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. explain the definition of an absolute (global) and a local extreme of a two-

variable function.
2. determine the critical points of a two-variable function.
3. use the second derivative test to classify the extreme points of a two-variable
function.
4. explain what is meant by a saddle point of a two-variable function.
5. find the extreme values and/or saddle points of a two-variable function.
6. use these techniques in application problems.
7. find the absolute maximum and minimum of a continuous function on a closed
bounded set.

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 14.7, p 959 – 966.
PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 14.7 p 967 nos 1; 3; 7; 15; 18; 19; 33; 34; 41; 43; 49; 53

14
STUDY THEME 2 : MULTIPLE INTEGRALS
In this theme the definition of the integral of a real-valued function of a real variable is
extended to the integral of a real-valued function of more than one variable.
This theme is divided into 5 lecture units:
2.1 Double integrals and Iterated integrals 2 lectures
2.2 Double integrals in Polar coordinates 1 12 lecture
1
2.3 Triple integrals for functions of three variables 2
lecture
2.4 Triple integrals in Cylindrical and Spherical coordinates 2 lectures
2.5 Transformations 1 lecture

2.1 DOUBLE INTEGRALS AND ITERATED INTEGRALS

NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. discuss and use the definition of a double integral of a function of two variables
in terms of a Riemann sum.
2. explain that a double integral of a positive function over a bounded region
gives a volume.
3. explain what is meant by a double integral and an iterated integral.
4. apply the theorem stating how double integrals may be calculated using iter-
ated integrals (Fubini’s Theorem).
5. write areas that are described in words or that are given as a sketch, in the
form
{(x, y)| a < x < b, g1 (x) < y < g2 (x)} (type I) or
{(x, y)| h1 (y) < x < h2 (y), c < y < d} (type II).
6. sketch regions that are given in one of the above forms.
7. evaluate double integrals on a region by writing the double integral as an
iterated integral (or the sum of iterated integrals).
8. reverse the order of integration of iterated integrals.
9. use the properties of double integrals.
10. use a double integral to calculate volumes and areas.
11. evaluate the average value of a function that is defined on a region.

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 15.1, p 988 – 998.
Calculus : Section 15.2, p 1001 – 1007.

15
 PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 15.1 p 999 nos 4; 7; 10; 20; 21; 22; 24; 25; 29; 39*; 47
2. Exercises 15.2 p 1008 nos 6; 16; 17; 18*; 22*; 23*; 28*; 30*; 31*; 39;
48; 49; 51; 55; 56; 61; 64
* Give only an iterated integral that may be used for the evaluation. (Do not
evaluate.)
2 9−x2
3. Reverse the order of integration in (x2 + y 2 ) dydx
−3 x+3
4. In 4.1 – 4.3 give an iterated integral that may be used to evaluate the volume
of the solid region:
4.1 The region below the plane z = 4 + x + 2y, inside the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1 and
above the xy-plane.
region below the paraboloid z = 6 − x2 − y 2 and above the cone
4.2 The 
z = x2 + y 2 .
4.3 The region above the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 and below the plane z = 2y.

2.2 DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR COORDINATES

NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 1 12
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. discuss and use the connection between the Cartesian coordinates and polar
coordinates of a point.
2. describe regions in terms of polar coordinates.
3. explain the justification for the formula for the calculation of a double integral
by means of polar coordinates.
4. evaluate double integrals by means of polar coordinates.
5. evaluate the mass of a lamina with given density.

Remark
Leave moment and the center of mass of a lamina. Thus we only look at the
calculation of the mass in Examples 2 and 3 (p 1018 and 1019).
SOURCE
Calculus : Section 10.3 p 658 – 661.
Calculus : Section 15.3 p 1010 – 1014.
Calculus : Section 15.4 p 1016 – 1019.

16
 PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 10.3 p 666 nos 8; 11; 15; 16; 17; 21; 23; 26
2. Exercises 15.3 p 1014 nos 2; 4; 6; 7; 9*; 11*; 20*; 25*; 26*; 29*; 31*; 37*; 39*
3. Exercises 15.4 p 1024 nos 6; 11*; 12* (Find only the mass.)
* Give only an iterated integral in polar coordinates that will be used for the
evaluation. (Do not evaluate.)
4. Describe the following regions R in terms of polar coordinates:
√
i. R is the region bounded by the curves y = |x| and y = 4 − x2 .
ii. R is the region bounded by the circle x2 + y 2 = 4x.
iii. R is the region bounded by the circle x2 + y 2 = 2y.
iv. R is√the region in the first quadrant bounded by the lines y = 0 and
y = 3x and the circle x2 + y 2 = 4.
v. R is the region bounded by the lines y = x, y = 3 and x = 0.
5. Find the mass of the plate bounded by the curves y 2 = 2x and y = x, if the
density at any point on the plate is equal to the distance from the point to the
y axis.
6. In 6.1 and 6.2 give an iterated integral in polar coordinates that may be used
to find the volume of the solid region:

6.1 The region above the cone z = x2 + y 2 and below the plane z = 3.
2 2
above the xy-plane, inside the cylinder x + y = 4x and below the
6.2 The region
cone z = x2 + y 2 .
√
1 1−x2
7. Write √
1 dy dx as an iterated integral in polar coordinates.
0 x−x2
8. Use a double integral to find the area of the region inside the circle r = 4 sin θ
but outside the circle r = 2.

2.3 TRIPLE INTEGRALS FOR FUNCTIONS OF THREE VARIABLES

1
NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 2

LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. calculate triple integrals by means of iterated integrals.

2. evaluate of the volume and the mass of a solid using triple integrals.

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 15.6 p 1029 – 1037.

17
 PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 15.6 p 1037 nos 6; 12*; 13*; 17; 18*; 19*; 29; 31; 47(a); 53*
* Give only an iterated integral. (Do not evaluate.)
2. E is the solid region bounded by the coordinate planes and the plane
2x + y + z = 1. Give an iterated integral that may be used to find the mass of
E if the density at any point of E is equal to
i. the distance from the point to the xy-plane.
ii. the distance from the point to the z-axis.

2.4 TRIPLE INTEGRALS IN CYLINDRICAL AND SPHERICAL

COORDINATES
NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. discuss and use the connection between the Cartesian coordinates and cylin-
drical coordinates of a point.
2. discuss and use the connection between the Cartesian coordinates and spherical
coordinates of a point.
3. find the Cartesian-, cylindrical- or spherical coordinate equation of a given
surface.
4. evaluate triple integrals by means of cylindrical coordinates.
5. evaluate triple integrals by means of spherical coordinates.

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 15.7 p 1040 – 1043.
Calculus : Section 15.8 p 1045 – 1049.
PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 15.7 p 1043 nos 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 12; 15; 21; 25(a)*; 28*; 30*
2. Exercises 15.8 p 1049 nos 5; 7; 8: 9(a); 10(a); 12; 14; 15; 17; 18; 19;
20; 23*; 24*; 30*; 32(a)*; 34*; 41*; 43*
* Give only an iterated integral. (Do not evaluate.)
3. In 3.1 – 3.4 give an iterated integral in either cylindrical or spherical coordinates
that may be used to find the volume of the solid region:
region inside the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 and above the cone
3.1 The 
z = 3(x2 + y 2).

3.2 The region below the cone z = 8 − x2 + y 2, inside the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 2x
and above the xy-plane.

18
 3.3 The region below the plane z = y and above the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2.
3.4 The region between the spheres x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 and x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 and
below the top half of the double cone 3z 2 = x2 + y 2.
4. In 4.1 – 4.3 give an iterated integral in either cylindrical or spherical coordinates
that may be used to evaluate the mass of the solid region:
4.1 The region between the spheres x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 and x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 16 if the
density at (x, y, z) is equal to the reciprocal of the distance from (x, y, z) to
the origin.
4.2 The region bounded by the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 9 and the planes z = 0 and
z = 5 if the density at any point is equal to the distance from the point to the
axis of the cylinder.

4.3 The region bounded by the cone z = 9x2 + 9y 2 and the plane z = 9 if the
density at any point is equal to the distance from the point to the plane z = 9.
√
2 4−x2 4
5. Write √
f (x, y, z) dz dy dx as an iterated integral in both cylin-
−2 − 4−x2 x2 +y 2
drical and spherical coordinates.

2.5 TRANSFORMATIONS
NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 1
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. explain what is meant by a transformation.

2. calculate the Jacobian of a transformation.
3. use the result of the transformation theorem for double integrals.

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 15.9 p 1052 – 1059.
PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 15.9 p 1060 nos 3; 5; 9; 15; 19; 21(a); 23; 25; 26

2. Write x dA as an iterated integral in polar coordinates if R is the region

R
bounded by the circle x2 + y 2 + 4x − 6y + 4 = 0.

3. Evaluate e(2x−y)/(x+y) dA with R the region bounded by the lines x = 2y,

R
y = 2x, x + y = 1 and x + y = 2.

19
STUDY THEME 3 : CALCULUS OF VECTOR FUNCTIONS
In the first year we integrated real-valued functions on intervals in IR. We now extend this
concept to the line integral of a real-valued or a vector function on a portion of a curve
in IR2 or IR3 . The double integral is also extended to an integral on a surface in IR3 .
This theme is divided into 9 lecture units:
1
3.1 Vector fields 2
lecture
1
3.2 Line integrals 2 2 lectures
3.3 The Fundamental Theorem for Line integrals 1 lecture
3.4 Green’s Theorem 1 lecture
1
3.5 Rotation and Divergence 2
lecture
1
3.6 Parametric surfaces and their areas 1 2 lectures
3.7 The Surface integral and Flux integral 2 lectures
3.8 Stokes’s Theorem 1 12 lectures
1
3.9 The Divergence Theorem of Gauss 2
lecture

3.1 VECTOR FIELDS

1
NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 2

LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. explain what is meant by a vector field.

2. sketch simple vector fields.
3. find the gradient vector field of a function.
4. describe in your own words what is meant by a conservative vector field and a
potential function.

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 16.1 p 1068 – 1073.
PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 16.1 p 1073 nos 2; 5; 11; 15; 16; 22; 24

3.2 LINE INTEGRALS

NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 2 12
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. parametrize a given curve.

2. reverse the orientation of a curve by changing the parametrization.
3. use the various notations for the line integral along a curve.
4. calculate the line integral of a real-valued function along a curve.

20
 5. calculate the line integral of a vector field along a curve.
6. discuss the connection between a line integral along the curve C and along the
curve −C.
7. determine the sign of C
F· dr from the sketch of a vector field F and a curve
C.

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 16.2 p 1075 – 1084.

ADDITIONAL NOTES
Standard Parametrizations

1. The line segment from point A(a1 , a2 , a3 ) to B(b1 , b2 , b3 ) in IR2 or IR3

r(t) =< a1 , a2 , a3 > +t < b1 − a1 , b2 − a2 , b3 − a3 >, t ∈ [0, 1]
= [a1 + t(b1 − a1 )]i + [a2 + t(b2 − a2 )]j + [a3 + t(b3 − a3 )]k, t ∈ [0, 1]
B

The direction of parametrization is from A to B.

2. The circle with center (a, b) and radius c in IR2

r(t) =< a, b > +c < cos t, sin t >, t ∈ [0, 2π]

c
= (a + c cos t)i + (b + c sin t)j, t ∈ [0, 2π]
(a, b)
The direction of parametrization is
counter-clockwise with
initial point = (a + c, b) = terminal point.

3. The function y = f(x), x ∈ [a, b] in IR2

Let x = t. Then
r(t) =< t, f (t) >, t ∈ [a, b] y = f (x)

= ti + f (t)j, t ∈ [a, b]
The direction of parametrization is
from (a, f (a)) to (b, f (b)). a b

4. Reversal of Parametrization.
If a curve C has a given orientation, then −C is the curve with the same points as
C but with the opposite orientation.

21
 If C is the curve with parametrization
r(t) =< x(t), y(t), z(t) >, t ∈ [a, b]
then −C is the curve with parametrization
r1 (t) = r(−t) =< x(−t), y(−t), z(−t) >, t ∈ [−b, −a].
PROBLEMS

1. Parametrize the following directed curves C and give a parametrization for

−C:
i. The line segment from the point (−1, 2, 3) to the point (2, 1, −1).
ii. The arc of a circle centered at origin with radius 2 from (0, −2) to (−2, 0)
oriented counterclockwise.
iii. The arc of a circle centered at the origin with radius 2 from (0, −2) to
(−2, 0) oriented clockwise.
iv. The part of the curve y = x2 − 4 from (3, 5) to (0, −4).
v. The part of the curve x = y 2 from (1, 1) to (4, −2).

2. Exercises 16.2 p 1084 nos 3; 5; 7; 12; 15; 17; 21; 32(a); 34*; 36*; 40
* Find only the mass.
3. Find the mass of a wire in the form of a helix that is parameterized by
r(t) = sin ti − cos tj + 4tk, π ≤ t ≤ 2π if the density at any point on the wire
is equal to
i. the square of the distance from the point to the x-axis.
ii. the square of the distance from the point to the origin.

3.3 THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM FOR LINE INTEGRALS

NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 1
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. use the Fundamental Theorem of line integrals.

2. explain what is meant by “ C
F·dr is independent of the path”.
3. describe and apply two equivalent conditions for “ C
F · dr is independent of
the path”.
4. describe under which conditions a vector field will be conservative (that is a
gradient function).
5. find a potential function for a conservative vector field.

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 16.3 p 1087 – 1094.

22
 PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 16.3 p 1094 nos 1; 2; 5; 7; 9; 11; 16; 18; 20; 22; 24; 25; 30

3.4 GREEN’S THEOREM

NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 1
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. apply Green’s Theorem.

2. illustrate the result of Green’s Theorem by means of an example.
3. find areas using Green’s Theorem.

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 16.4 p 1096 – 1101.
PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 16.4 p 1101 nos 2; 6; 7; 9; 13; 18; 19*; 20; 21; 28

* t ∈ [0, 2π] for no 19.
2. Evaluate C F·dr where F(x, y) = y 2 − x2 y, xy 2 and C consists of the circle
√ √ √ √
x2 + y 2 = 4 from (2, 0) to ( 2, 2) and the line segments from ( 2, 2) to
(0, 0) and from (0, 0) to (2, 0). The orientation of C is counter-clockwise.

3.5 ROTATION AND DIVERGENCE

1
NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 2

LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. use the definition of rotation in a vector field (curl F).

2. determine whether a vector field F is conservative using curl F.
3. use the definition of divergence in a vector field (div F).
4. discuss the ”value” of curl(∇f ) and div(curl F).

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 16.5 pp 1103 – 1107.

23
 PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 16.5 p 1109 nos 2; 3; 5; 8; 13; 16; 18; 21*; 22*

* F is irrotational if curl F = 0 and incompressible if div F=0.

3.6 PARAMETRIC SURFACES AND THEIR AREAS

NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. find a parametric representation for a given surface.

2. find a equation of the tangent plane to a parametric surface at a point.
3. find the area of a given surface.

Remarks

1. Leave surfaces of revolution on p 1115.

2. If the surface S is given by r(φ, θ) = a sin φ cos θ, a sin φ sin θ, a cos φ, that
is if S is parameterized using spherical coordinates, then you may assume in
problems that | rφ × rθ | = a2 sin φ. (See Example 10 on p1117.)

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 16.6 p 1111 – 1119.
Calculus : Section 15.5 p 1026 – 1028.
PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 16.6 p 1120 nos 3; 4; 5; 20; 21; 22; 23; 33; 36; 39; 40; 42; 48; 49
2. Exercises 15.5 p 1028 nos 2; 5; 10; 12
3. In 3.1 and 3.2 find the area of the surface:
3.1 The part of the sphere x2 +y 2 +z 2 = 9 that is inside the paraboloid x2 +y 2 = 8z.
3.2 r(u, v) = u cos v, u sin v, u, 1 ≤ u ≤ 2, 0 ≤ v ≤ π.

3.7 THE SURFACE INTEGRAL AND FLUX INTEGRAL

NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 1 12
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. evaluate surface integrals.

2. evaluate the mass of a surface.

24
 3. explain what is meant by the orientation of a surface.
4. explain what is meant by a flux integral.
5. evaluate flux integrals.

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 16.7 p 1122 – 1132.
PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 16.7 p 1132 nos 5; 6; 7; 9; 10; 17; 21; 23; 27; 30; 40

2. Evaluate 4x2 + 4y 2 + 1 dS with S the part of the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2
S
below the plane z = y.
3. F(x, y, z) = xi − j + 2x2 k and S is the part of the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 above
the region in the xy-plane bounded by the parabolas x = 1 −y 2 and x = y 2 −1.
(Normal vectors n are directed downward.) Give an iterated integral that may
be used to evaluate F·dS.
S
x−y
4. Evaluate √ dS with S the surface represented by
2z + 1
S
r(u, v) = u + v, u − v, u2 + v 2 , 0 ≤ u ≤ 1, 0 ≤ v ≤ 2.

5. In 5.1 and 5.2 evaluate F·dS for

S

5.1 F(x, y, z) = x, y, z 4 and S the part of the cone z = x2 + y 2 beneath the
plane z = 1 with downward orientation.

5.2 F(x, y, z) = −y, x, 3z and S the hemisphere z = 16 − x2 − y 2 , y ≥ 0
with upward orientation.

3.8 STOKES’S THEOREM

NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 1 12
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. apply the result of Stokes’s rotation Theorem.

2. explain how this theorem is a three-dimensional extension of Green’s Theorem.

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 16.8 p 1134 – 1138.
PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 16.8 p 1139 nos 1; 3; 4; 5; 8; 9; 10; 11(a); 14; 19

25
 2. Use Stokes’s theorem to evaluate (curl F)·dS with
S
F(x, y, z) = xz 2 i+x3 j+cos xzk and S the part of the ellipsoid x2 +y 2 +3z 2 = 1
below the xy-plane with outward orientation.
3. Let F(x, y, z) = (x2 + z)i + (y 2 + x)j + (z 2 + y)kand let C be the intersection of
the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 and the cone z = x2 + y 2 . Use Stokes’s theorem
to evaluate F·dr where C has a counterclockwise orientation as seen from
C
above.
4. Let C be the intersection of the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 and the plane z = y
and suppose C is oriented counterclockwise as seen from above. Use Stokes’s
theorem to evaluate xy dx + x2 dy + z 2 dz.
C

3.9 THE DIVERGENCE THEOREM OF GAUSS

1
NUMBER OF LECTURE PERIODS : 2

LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this lecture unit you should be able to

1. apply the divergence theorem of Gauss.

2. determine from the sketch of a vector field whether a point is a source or a sink
(that is to determine the sign of div F).

SOURCE
Calculus : Section 16.9 p 1141 – 1145.
PROBLEMS

1. Exercises 16.9 p 1145 nos 4; 5; 7; 11; 14; 17; 20; 26; 27

2. Use the divergence theorem to evaluate F·dS with

S
F(x, y, z) = x2 i+ yj−2z 2 k and S the surface of the solid region bounded below
by the xy-plane, above by the plane z = x and on the sides by the parabolic
cylinder y 2 = 2 − x (outward orientation).

26