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org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Volume 1 Issue 11 Page 1645-1648, 2016, ISSN 2395-1621

ISSN 2395-1621
#1
I-Farm: Intelligent farm
Gaikwad Anjali, #2Swapnali Shinde, #3Ghodke Agraja, #4Kumavat Minal
1
[email protected]
2
[email protected]
3
[email protected]
4
[email protected]

#1234
Department of Computer Engineering, All India Shree Shivaji Memorial Society’s College
Of Engineering,
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra, India.

ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO

Irrigation is the most important agricultural input in a tropical monsoon country Article History
like India where rainfall is uncertain, unreliable and erratic India cannot achieve Received :15th January 2016
sustained progress in agriculture unless and until more than half of the cropped area
is brought under assured irrigation. Irrigation which consumes more than 80% of the Received in revised form :
total water use in the country needs a proper overhaul if the country has to improve
17th January 2016
agricultural output and boost the overall economy. The system aims to overcome with
the problem of irrigation by developing the application intelligently, that will help Accepted :19th January , 2016
farmer to control irrigation system with less efforts. This system consists of sensors
Published online :
and farming devices where, sensors senses farming related parameters like soil
moisture, temperature, humidity, water level etc., and farming devices like motor 21st January 2016
pump acts according to data generated by sensors and gathered and provided by
admin PC. Admin PC will be interfaced with microcontroller, System operates in
three modes manual mode(touch mode), auto mode(condition based mode) and
prediction mode(intelligent mode). System uses cloud server to store logs. Admin Pc
and Android Client can communicate with cloud server using WIFI(IEEE802.11b) to
view logs or update some information.
Keywords— Automation, WSN, Sensors, Cloud Server, Android Phone, WI-FI.

and went against the development trend of long-time

I. INTRODUCTION agricultural production and sustainable utilization of water
Irrigation is one of the fundamental problems of agriculture resources. Managing water is a crucial task in the
in developing countries. In a country like India, where the agriculture field because its availability for agriculture is a
economy is mainly based on agriculture and the climatic global challenge for the upcoming years. Also, farmers have
conditions are isotropic, still we are not able to make full to maintain their land manually.
use of agricultural resources. The main reason is the lack of
rains and scarcity of land reservoir water. The continuous II. LITERATURE SURVEY
extraction of water from earth is reducing the water level The authors of [1], proposed a system with a distributed
due to which lot of land is coming slowly in the zones of un- wireless network of soil moisture and temperature sensors
irrigated land. Another very important reason of this is due placed in the root zone of the plants. The implementation is
to unplanned use of water due to which a significant amount a photovoltaic powered automated irrigation system that
of water goes waste. Traditional field irrigation is usually consists of a distributed wireless network of soil moisture
manned and needs massive manpower and material and temperature sensors deployed in plant root zones. Each
resources, this led to deficiency of real-time and accuracy sensor node involved a soil-moisture probe, a temperature

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 www.ierjournal.org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Volume 1 Issue 11 Page 1645-1648, 2016, ISSN 2395-1621

probe, a microcontroller for data acquisition, and a radio consists of a GSM modem through which the farmer can
transceiver; the sensor measurements are transmitted to a easily be notified about the critical conditions occurring
microcontroller based receiver. This gateway permits the during irrigation process. They have used RS232 and
automated activation of irrigation when the threshold values MAX232 for serial communication. In [5] the authors have
of soil moisture and temperature are reached. used microcontroller (PIC16F877A) which is based on
Communication between the sensor nodes and the data RISC for checking the three conditions:
receiver is via the Zigbee protocol, under the IEEE  Availability of adequate water level in the
802.15.4WPAN. This receiver unit also has a duplex water source,
communication link based on a cellular-Internet interface,  Availability of continuous power Supply,
using general packet radio service (GPRS) protocol, which  Moisture level in the soil.
is a packet-oriented mobile data service used in 2G and 3G
cellular global system for mobile communications (GSM). III. PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE
The Internet connection allows the data inspection in real I-Farm is basically based on main four modules Admin PC,
time on a website, where the soil-moisture and temperature Android Application, Cloud server and hardware.
levels are graphically displayed through an application Interaction of all modules is given below in block diagram.
interface and stored in a database server. This access also All sensors, ADC, Microcontroller, signal conditioner and
enables direct programming of scheduled irrigation schemes MAX 232 come under hardware module. Working of
and trigger values in the receiver according the crop growth system is as follows:
and season management. The aim of the implementation  When sensors senses changes in parameters like
was to demonstrate that the automatic irrigation can be used soil moisture, temperature, water level etc., they
to reduce water use. send their signal to signal conditioner. Signal
conditioner is used to convert a signal that may be
The MobiCrop [2], is a project that is aimed at supporting difficult to read by conventional instrumentation
crop farmers to make decisions on how to apply pesticides, into a more easily read format.
when to apply the pesticides, which ones to apply, and so on.  From Signal conditioner all of the data is given to
The application was designed as a distributed system where Analog to digital converter. An analog-to-digital
a middleware is proposed. The main purpose of the converter is a device that converts a continuous
middleware is to shield the database server from the mobile physical quantity (usually voltage) to a digital
participants. Furthermore, the caching technique was put number that represents the quantity's amplitude.
forward to support offline accessibility of the pesticide  All data obtained by ADC is then given to
information in the event of network loss. However, caching Microcontroller and from Microcontroller to
can lead to situations of stale data especially when there is Admin PC through MAX 232.A microcontroller is
no connectivity for a long time. In this paper [2] the authors, a small computer on a single integrated circuit
proposed the dual caching technique as a measure of containing a processor core, memory, and
pushing updates to the mobile in real time. A proxy layer is programmable input/output peripheral. The
introduced that keeps mirrored copies of the information on MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically
the database server. Furthermore, the farmers are able to converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals.
store device specific caches and later share the cache data.
 According to gathered data at admin PC user can
take decision whether to set farm device on/off or
In the paper [3], a practical, low-cost and environmental
set threshold value of sensor or to test hardware or
friendly Intelligent Greenhouse Monitoring System (IGMS)
to monitor hardware status etc. If user set farm
is designed based on WSN technology. In this particular
device like water pump on then this change in
application, IGMS is used to monitor key environmental
device state is given to microcontroller and then
parameters such as the temperature, humidity and soil
from microcontroller to actual device through
moisture. Data collected from sensors will be sent to a
device driver.
remote server for monitoring and analysis. When the
 Admin PC keeps updating all logs to cloud server
threshold value of a particular data (e.g. moisture) is reached,
by using WIFI connection. Android clients can
pumps, valves and related devices will be triggered to
access server through android application
initiate the automatic irrigation operation.
developed for them by using WIFI connection.
In [5], using PIC16F877A and GSM SIM300 modem is  Through this application user can monitor, control,
focused on automating the irrigation system for social set threshold for farm hardware's remotely using
welfare of Indian agricultural system. This system will be cloud server.
useful for monitoring the soil moisture condition of the farm
as well as controlling the soil moisture by monitoring the
level of water in the water source and accordingly switching
the motor ON/OFF for irrigation purposes. The system

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 www.ierjournal.org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Volume 1 Issue 11 Page 1645-1648, 2016, ISSN 2395-1621

connected to the positive of the voltage you are applying to

the relay coil. Pins 11-18 are the outputs (Pin 1 drives Pin
18, Pin 2 drives 17, etc.).

V. MATHEMATICAL MODEL
Let S= {U, S, D, Sval, Sth, Uname, Pwd, Cmd, Hstatus, n,
con_obj, F, S}
Where,
U is finite set of users
U = {U1, U2, U3…….UN}

S is finite set of sensors

S = {S1, S2, S3…….SN}

D is finite set of devices

Fig 1: Proposed System Architecture D = {D1, D2, D3…….DN}

IV. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS Sval is finite set of sensor values

1. MAX232 : Sval = {SV1, SV2, SV3…….SVN}

The MAX232 IC is used to convert the TTL/CMOS logic Sth is threshold set of each sensor
levels to RS232 logic levels during serial communication of Sth ={ST1,ST2,ST3…….STN}
microcontrollers with PC. The MAX232 is a dual
driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and Uname is Username for login
RTS signals. The drivers provide TIA-232 voltage level
outputs (approx. ± 7.5 volts) from a single five volt supply Pwd is Password
via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. This
makes it useful for implementing TIA-232 in devices that cmd is Android client commands
otherwise do not need any other voltages. The receivers
reduce TIA-232 inputs, which may be as high as ± 25 volts, Hstatus is Status of h/w sensors and devices
to standard five volt TTL levels. These receivers have a n is Hardware nodes
typical threshold of 1.3 volts and a typical hysteresis of 0.5
volts. S (Success) = {S1, S2}
S1 = All Sensors will be able to capture all the values related
2. ATmega32 : to agricultural field.
S2 =All the values from sensors are successfully received by
The ATmega32 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller computer system.
based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By
executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the F(Failure) = {F1, F2}
ATmega32 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per F1 = Sensors fails to capture all the values.
MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power F2 =All the values from field are received by sensors but
consumption versus processing speed. Because of these unable to send to computer system.
features we are using ATmega32 microcontroller.
VI. CONCLUSION
3. ULN2803 : We are developing a system named I-Farm is an automatic
water irrigation system. I-Farm totally operates on outputs
A ULN2803 is an Integrated Circuit (IC) chip with a High from sensors and immediate action of farming devices on
Voltage/High Current Darlington Transistor Array. It allows that outputs. Main components are :
you to interface TTL signals with higher voltage/current  Admin PC and Java based application.
loads. In English, the chip takes low level signals (TLL,  Hardware.
CMOS, PMOS, NMOS - which operate at low voltages and  Android Application.
low currents) and acts as a relay of sorts itself, switching on  Cloud server.
or off a higher level signal on the opposite side. The I-Farm is low cost, scalable, reliable system. This system is
ULN2803 comes in an 18-pin IC configuration and includes useful to farmer to reduce workload and helps in water
eight (8) transistors. Pins 1-8 receive the low level signals; conservation and proper utilization. If we deploy I-Farm on
pin 9 is grounded (for the low level signal reference). Pin 10 large scale, initial cost will be high but it will be beneficial
is the common on the high side and would generally be to Indian farming.

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 www.ierjournal.org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Volume 1 Issue 11 Page 1645-1648, 2016, ISSN 2395-1621

REFRENCES
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