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Lecture-03 (Set Theory)

The document presents examples of set theory applied to consumer preferences for products, demonstrating how to calculate the number of consumers who like various combinations of products using set notation. It includes solutions to problems involving surveys of consumers' preferences for products A, B, and C, as well as coffee, tea, and smoking habits. The calculations illustrate how to determine the minimum number of consumers liking multiple products and identify inconsistencies in survey data.

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Forhad Somrat
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37 views2 pages

Lecture-03 (Set Theory)

The document presents examples of set theory applied to consumer preferences for products, demonstrating how to calculate the number of consumers who like various combinations of products using set notation. It includes solutions to problems involving surveys of consumers' preferences for products A, B, and C, as well as coffee, tea, and smoking habits. The calculations illustrate how to determine the minimum number of consumers liking multiple products and identify inconsistencies in survey data.

Uploaded by

Forhad Somrat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SET THEORY 1

Lecture-03

Example-02: A market research group conducted a survey of 1000 consumers


and reported that 720 consumers liked product A and 450 consumers liked
product B. What is the least number of consumers that must like both products?

Solution: Let P be the consumers who liked product A and Q be the consumers
who liked product B.

Therefore, n( P)  720, n(Q)  450, n( P  Q)  1000, n( P  Q)  ?

We know, nP  Q   nP`  nQ   nP  Q 


 nP  Q   nP   nQ   nP  Q   720  450  1000
 nP  Q   170
When nP  Q  is max imum then nP  Q  will be min imum.
Therefore the least number of consumers who liked both product is 170.

Example-03: A company studies the product preferences of 20,000 consumers. It


was found that each of the products A, B, C was liked by 7020, 6230 and 5980
respectively and all the products were liked by 1500; products A and B were liked
by 2580, products A and C were liked by 1200 and products B and C were liked
by 1950. Prove that the study results are not correct.

Solution: Let P, Q, R denote the set of consumers who liked products A, B, C


respectively. Therefore the given data means,

n( P)  7020, n(Q)  6230, nR   5980, n( P  Q)  2580, n( P  R)  1200


nQ  R   1950, nP  Q  R   1500, nP  Q  R   20,000

We also know that


nP  Q  R   nP   nQ   nR   nP  Q   nQ  R   nP  R   nP  Q  R 
 7020  6230  5980 - 2580  1950  1200  1500
 15,000  20,000
Therefore we comment that the data is not consistent .

Example-04: In a survey conducted of 2000 clerks in an office, it was found that


48% preferred coffee (C), 54% liked tea (T) and 64% used to smoke (S). Of the
total 28% used C and T, 32% used T and S and 30% preferred C and S. Only 6%
did none of these.

Find, (i) The number having all three.

(ii) T and S but not C.


SET THEORY 2

Lecture-03

(iii) Only C

Solution : According to the given statement , nU   2000

nC   48%  nT   54% 


48 54
 2000  960,  2000  1080,
100 100
nS   64%  nC  T   28% 
64 28
 2000  1280,  2000  560
100 100
nT  S   32%   2000  640, nC  S   30% 
32 30
 2000  600
100 100

nC  T  S   nC   T   S   6% 
6
 2000  120
100
Re quired , (i ) nC  T  S   ?, (ii ) nT  S  C   ?, (iii ) nC  T   S   ?

i  We know, nC  T  S   nU   nC  T  S 



 nC  T  S   nU   nC  T  S   2000  120  1880
Again , nC  T  S   nC   nT   nS   nC  T   nT  S 
nC  S   nC  T  S 
 1880  960  1080  1280  560  640  600  nC  T  S 
 1880  3320  1800  nC  T  S 
 nC  T  S   1880  1520  360  Answer 
(ii ) nT  S  C   nT  S   nC  T  S 
 640  360  280  Answer 
iii  nC  T   S   nC   nC  T   nC  S   nC  T  S 
 960  560  600  360  160  Answer 

Example-05: A company studies the product preferences of 3000 consumers. It


was found that 2010 liked product A, 810 liked product B, 940 liked product C, 210
liked products A and B, 540 liked products A and C, 390 liked products B and C.
Only 250 consumers did not like any product of three.

Find, (i) The number of consumers who liked all three products.

(ii) The number of consumers who liked products B and C but not A
(iii) The number of consumers who liked product only A.

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