Lesson 11

Restrained two-
way slab
SEAA 3313
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN 1
Restrained two-way slab
If the corners of a two-way slab consist of
more than one panel or if the corners of a
two-way slab are prevented against lifting,
then it is defined as two-way restrained slab.
Structural
analysis
To determine the maximum
bending moment and shear forces
in a restrained two-way slab, firstly
determine the case that applies to
the slab.

Note that the shorter span should

be Lx and the longer span should
be Ly.
Discontinuity
Take note that slab edges with these
conditions are considered discontinuous:
◦ Void, i.e., no slab. Also, any staircase or lift
core are also considered as void.
◦ Disconnection between slab and beam
◦ Drop in slab panel > h/3
Structural analysis
Case 1

After determining the slab case, the Case 2

maximum bending moment can be
determined using the coefficients in Table
Case 3
3.14 and the equations shown below.
Case 4

Case 5
Structural analysis
Case 1

Case 2
The maximum shear stress can be
determined using the coefficients in Table
Case 3
3.15 and the equations shown below.
Case 4

Case 5
Example
Design data
Slab type check
𝐿𝑦 = 7 𝑚, 𝐿𝑥 = 4 𝑚

𝐿𝑦 7
= 4 = 1.75
𝐿𝑥

 Two-way slab
Slab thickness
ℎ60 = 80 𝑚𝑚

𝐿𝑥 4000 𝑚𝑚
Estimated d = = = 133.3 𝑚𝑚
30 30

 We will try first try h = 150 mm

Durability, Fire & Bond
Requirements (Concrete Cover)
S4 – 1 (slab geometry) = S3

cmin,b = 10 mm
cmin,dur = 10 mm

∴ cnom = cmin + ∆cdev = 10 mm + 10 mm = 20 mm

a = 10 mm
∅ 10
cnom = a − = 10 − = 5 mm
2 2

∴ Use cnom = 20 mm
Analysis
g k = self weight + permanent load = (25 kN/m3 × 0.15 m) + 1.5 kN/m2 = 5.25 kN/m2

qk = 4 kN/m2

nd = 1.35g k + 1.5qk = 1.35 5.25 + 1.5 4 = 13 kN/m2

Analysis
To recall:

𝐿𝑦
= 1.75
𝐿𝑥

Case 4 (two adjacent edges discontinuous)

Analysis
Short span of slab at mid-span

βsx1 = 0.065

Msx1 = βsx1 nd L2x = (0.065)(13 kN/m2 ) 4 m 2 = 13.5 kNm

Short span of slab at continuous edge

βsx2 = 0.087

Msx2 = βsx2 nd L2x = (0.087)(13 kN/m2 ) 4 m 2

= 18.1 kNm
Analysis
Long span of slab at mid-span

βsy1 = 0.034

Msy1 = βs𝑦1 nd L2x = (0.034)(13 kN/m2 ) 4 m 2

= 7.1 kNm

Long span of slab at continuous edge

βs𝑦 = 0.045

Ms𝑦2 = βs𝑦2 nd L2x = (0.045)(13 kN/m2 ) 4 m 2

= 9.4 kNm
Analysis
For shear, we will use the largest value of shear.

Vmax = βvx nd Lx = (0.57)(13 kN/m2 )(4 m) = 29.6 kN

Main reinforcement (short span)
∅ 10
dx = h − cnom − = 150 − 20 − = 125 mm
2 2

fctm 2.56
As,min = 0.26 bd = 0.26 𝑏𝑑 = 0.0013bd
fyk 500

∴ As,min = 0.0013(1000)(125) = 162.5 mm2

As,max = 0.04bh = 0.04 1000 150 = 6000 mm2

Main reinforcement (short span)
Midspan reinforcement

M 13.5×106
K= = = 0.034 < 0.167
fck b(dx )2 (25)(1000)(125)2

∴ No compression reinforcement required.

z = d 0.5 + 0.25 − K/1.134) = d 0.5 + 0.25 − 0.034/1.134) = 0.97d < 0.95d

∴ z = 0.95d
Main reinforcement (short span)
M 13.5×106
As = = = 261 mm2
0.87fyk z 0.87(500)(0.95×125)

As,min = 162.5 mm2

As,max = 6000 mm2

As,min < As < As,max , ∴ OK

∴ Provide H10 − 250 mm, for As = 314 mm2 /m

Main reinforcement (short span)
Continuous edge reinforcement

M 18.1×106
K= = = 0.046 < 0.167
fck b(dx )2 (25)(1000)(125)2

∴ No compression reinforcement required.

z = d 0.5 + 0.25 − K/1.134) = d 0.5 + 0.25 − 0.046/1.134) = 0.94d > 0.95d

∴ z = 0.94d
Main reinforcement (short span)
M 18.1×106
As = = = 354 mm2
0.87fyk z 0.87(500)(0.94×125)

To recall,
As,min = 162.5 mm2
As,max = 6000 mm2

As,min < As < As,max , ∴ OK

∴ Provide H10 − 200 mm, for As = 393 mm2 /m

Main reinforcement (long span)
Midspan reinforcement
∅
dy = h − cnom − = 150 − 20 − 1.5(10) = 115 mm
2

M 7.1×106
K= fck b(dy )2
= (25)(1000)(115)2
= 0.021 < 0.167

∴ No compression reinforcement required.

z = d 0.5 + 0.25 − K/1.134) = d 0.5 + 0.25 − 0.021/1.134) = 0.98d > 0.95d

∴ z = 0.95d
Main reinforcement (long span)
M 7.1×106
As = = = 149 mm2
0.87fyk z 0.87(500)(0.95×115)

To recall,
As,min = 162.5 mm2
As,max = 6000 mm2

As < As,min , ∴ Use As,min

∴ Provide H10 − 300 mm, for As = 262 mm2 /m

Main reinforcement (long span)
Continuous edge reinforcement

M 9.4×106
K= = = 0.028 < 0.167
fck b(dy )2 (25)(1000)(115)2

∴ No compression reinforcement required.

z = d 0.5 + 0.25 − K/1.134) = d 0.5 + 0.25 − 0.028/1.134) = 0.97d > 0.95d

∴ z = 0.95d
Main reinforcement (long span)
M 9.4×106
As = = = 198 mm2
0.87fyk z 0.87(500)(0.95×115)

To recall,
As,min = 162.5 mm2
As,max = 6000 mm2

As,min < As < As,max , ∴ OK

∴ Provide H10 − 300 mm, for As = 262 mm2 /m

Shear
k = 1 + (200/dx )0.5 = 1 + (200/125)0.5 = 2.26 > 2

∴k=2

As1 393
ρ1 = = = 0.0031
bw d (1000)(125)

Note: As1 should be the main reinforcement provided at the location of the shear being considered. This is
most likely at the support.
Shear
1
1/3
VRd,c = 0.12k(100ρ1 fck ) bdx = 0.12 2 100 × 0.0031 × 25 3 1000 125 = 59368 N

3 1 3 1
2 2
Vmin = 0.035k fck bdx = 0.035 2 2 25 2 1000 120 = 59397 N > 59368 N

∴ VRd,c = 59397N = 59.4 kN

To recall, Vmax = 29.6 kN

Vmax < VRd,c , ∴ OK

Deflection
Note: Check deflection at the mid-span of the slab’s short span.
As,req 261
ρ= bd
= (1000)(125) = 0.0021

ρo = fck × 10−3 = 25 × 10−3 = 0.005

3
L ρ ρ 2
ρ < ρo , ∴ d basic
= K 11 + 1.5 fck ρo + 3.2 fck ρo −1

3
L 0.005 0.005 2
= 1.5 11 + 1.5 25 + 3.2 25 − 1 = 1.5 35.5 = 82
d basic 0.0021 0.0021
Deflection
L L As,prov
= × modification for length ×
d alllow d basic As,req

L 314
= 82 × 1 × 261 = 99
d alllow

L 4000
= = 32
d actual 125

L L
< , ∴ OK
d actual d alllow
Cracking
3h = 3 150 = 450 mm > 400 mm

∴ Maximum spacing = 400 mm

H10 − 250 mm < 400 mm, ∴ OK

H10 − 200 mm < 400 mm, ∴ OK
H10 − 300 mm < 400 mm, ∴ OK
H10 − 300 mm < 400 mm, ∴ OK
Detailing
Note: the detailing on the right is
just for reference and is not based
on the calculation just now.