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HISTORICAL ANTECENDENTS IN THE Greek Civilization

COURSE OF SCIENCE AND • In-depth works on Philosophy and
TECHNOLOGY Mathematics

Inventions:
• Coliseum
Ancient Times
• Olympics
Sumerian Civilization • Alarm clock
Inventions: • Water mill
• Cuneiform
- First writing system
• Plowing Roman Empire
• Dikes • Strongest political and social entity in
• Irrigation the West.
• Wheels • Cradle of politics and governance
• Mode of transportation was through
waterways Inventions:
• Developed the first road • Newspaper
❖ Mesopotamia (Iraq) • Bound books or codex
• Churches
Babylonian Civilization • Basilicas
Inventions: • Aqueducts
• Emerged near Tigris and Euphrates • Coliseums
River • Amphitheaters
• Hanging Garden of Babylon • Residential houses
- Built by King Nebuchadnezzar for his • Roman Numeral System
wife, Amyitis. - Number system
• Code of Hammurabi
“An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”
Chinese Civilization
• Oldest civilization in Asia
Egyptian Civilization
Inventions: Inventions:
• Death mask of Tutankhamen • Silk trade
• Pyramid of Giza • Tea production
• Water clock/ clepsydra • Gun powder
• Paper/papyrus • Great Wall of China
• Ink
• Hieroglyphics
- System of writing MIDDLE AGES
• Cosmetics
• Wigs • Marred by massive invasions and
- Worn by wealthy Egyptians to protect migrations.
the shave of the heads from harmful • Wars are prevalent.
rays of the sun. • It is also known as the “Age of
Exploration”

Inventions:
• Printing press
- Invented by Johann Gutenberg
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• Microscope Center of the universe

- Invented by Zacharias Janssen (first ▪ Geo-centric Model
compound microscope, Circa 1595) ⇾ Earth-centered
• Cross bows ➢ The planet as well as the
• Long bows sun and moon, moved in
• Chainmail circular motion around the
Earth.
➢ Introduced by Cladius
MODERN TIMES Ptolemy
• The booming world population during the ➢ It lasted for 1,400 years
19th century onwards demanded that
more goods be produced at faster rate. ▪ Helio-centric Model
⇾ Sun-centered
Inventions: ⇾ Introduced by Nicolaus
• Pasteurization Copernicus
- Invented by Louis Pasteur ᴥ The man who moved
⇾ French biologist the Earth
⇾ Microbiologist ᴥ “On the Revolutions of
⇾ Chemist the Heavenly
- The process of heating dairy products Spheres”, the book that
to kill harmful bacteria that allow them Copernicus published.
to spoil faster.
• Molecular
Louis 2. Evolution of Human Being
asymmetry
Theory of Evolution by Natural
• Fermentation Pasteur
Selection
• Vaccination ▪ Individual organisms within a
• Development of kerosene and petroleum particular species show a
refinery industry wide range of variation for a
• Telephone characteristic, individuals
- Invented by Alexander Graham Bell with characteristics most
- 1876 suited to the environment are
• Modern calculator more likely to survive to
breed successfully; and the
characteristics that have
enabled these individuals to
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION THAT survive are then passed on to
DEFINED THE SOCIETY the next generation.

• A period where paradigm shifts occurred ▪ Theory of Charles Darwin

• War of great thinkers ⇾ English naturalist
• It’s where scientific beliefs that have ⇾ Studied variation of plants,
been accepted and embraced were animals, and fossils during
challenged and opposed. a 5-year voyage.
• In ancient times, Earth was the center of ⇾ He didn’t publish his
the universe. scientific work and ideas
• Human beings were created through until 28 years after his
“Divine Creation” voyage.
⇾ Published a book entitled
1. Model of the Solar System “On the Origin of Species”
in 1859.
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considered as indigenous science or folk

science.
3. Psychoanalysis
• The study of human behavior Some indigenous science and technology
• Psychology is a philosophy have already existed with regards to:
- Logical reasoning
• Revolutionary theory of Agriculture:
psychoanalysis (clinical method) • Farming
- Theory of Sigmund Freud • Animal-raising
• Utilization of plants and herbs as
3 Conflicting Elements medicine
1. Id
- Primitive and instinctive Technology:
component of your personality. • Handicrafts
2. Ego • Weaving
- Reality or mediator between id • Tools for:
and superego. - Planting
3. Superego - Hunting
- Moral conscience - Cooking
- Fishing
- Fighting
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND - Mining
NATION BUILDING • Indigenous technology in building
houses, irrigations, and transportation
(land and water)
Poverty
allivation
• Banaue Rice Terraces
Affordable Economic
- Made by hand
energy growth
• Believes in spirits and supernatural
entities

Role of
Environmental S&T in
management Nation Health Spanish Regime
Building
• The colonization of Spaniards
contributed to the growth of S&T in the
country.
Water
Education • Introduced formal education
supply • Founded scientific institution
• Parish schools established where
Agriculture
religion, reading, writing and music
was taught.
• Sanitation
Pre-Colonial Period • Advance method of agriculture
• Pharmacy and medicine
• The ancient practices in science and • Engineering is the priority than
technology by our ancestors are now agriculture since Spaniards were
dependent to Galleon trade.
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• Meteorological studies - Low morale of scientists

- Promoted by Jesuits - Lack of public awareness of
⇾ Established Manila science
Observatory ▪ Science Act of 1958
• First public typhoon warning - Created the Nat’l Science
- Issued by Fr. Federico Faura in Development Board (NSDB) to
1879 formulate policies for
• From agriculture to exporting economy development of science and
coordinate the work of science
agencies.
American Regime - Created Philippine Atomic
• Rapid advancement of S&T Energy Commission (PAEC)
- Resulted in granting - Philippine Coconut Institute
scholarships for higher - Textile Research Institute
education in Science and ▪ Created Nat’l Grains Authority
Engineering - Support the progressive
• Free primary education development of agriculture,
- Thomasites (American fishery, and forestry.
teachers) ▪ Philippine Atmospheric
• Introduction of science and industry Geophysical and Astronomical
and vocational courses Services Administration
• Public health programs (PAGASA)
• Establishment of science research
agencies • During President Corazon Aquino’s
administration, the Nat’l Science and
• UP Los Baños was established
Technology Authority was replaced by
Dept. of Science and Technology
(DOST)
Japanese Regime
▪ The Presidential Task Force
for S&T came up with the first
Development in:
Science and Technology
• Infrastructure
Mater Plan (STMP)
• Energy
- To achieve newly industrialized
• Maritime country status by the year 2000.
• Security
• Disaster management
• Agriculture
• Education
• Peace and development in
Mindanao

Post-Colonial Period

• President Ferdinand E. Marcos

received a report on the deterioration
of S&T. (1957)

- Lack of government support

- Dearth of scientists
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