Multithreading
1
Process is an execution environment provided by the operating system that has it’s own set of
private resources
Thread live within a process and share their resources with other threads of the process
Multitasking
Is a process of executing multiple tasks simultaneously (to utilize the cpu)
Can be achieved by two ways
1. Process – based multitasking (Multi processing)
A process is given a fixed time to run
When time is up operating system suspends the process and switches context to another process
2
Process are heavy weight
2. Thread – based multitasking (Multithreading)
Run multiple threads at the same time
Thread is light weight
Low cost
Life cycle of a Thread
Runnable
New Blocked
Terminated Running
3
Java thread are created by
1. Extending the Thread class
Override the run() method
Instantiate the class
Call start ()
2. Implementing the runnable Interface
Create a class that implement Runnable
Implement the run() method
Instantiate the class you created and Thread class
4
Call start()
Class Worker extends Thread {
Public void run() {
[Link](“Worker Thread”);
}
}
Public class First {
Public static void main(String args[]){
Worker r=new Worker();
[Link]();
}
}
5
Class Demo implements Runnable{
Public void run() {
[Link](“running state”);
}
}
Public class First {
Public static void main(String args[]){
Demo obj= new Demo();
Thread t= new Thread(obj);
[Link]();
}
}
6
start(): - new Thread is created
run(): - entry point for the thread
String getName():- to get the name of the current thread
setName(String Name): for setting name
sleep(long milliseconds): suspends a thread for the specified period.
boolean isAlive():- determines if a thread is running
join():- wait for thread to die gets called when a thread wants to wait for another thread to terminate.
currentThread():- It returns the instance of the currently executing thread
State getState():- returns the state of the thread
getPriority():- returns the priority of the thread
setPriority(int priority):- change the priority of the thread .
interrupts():- interrupts the thread
boolean is Interrupted():- tests if the thread has been interrupted.
suspend():- suspend the thread
resume(): resume the thread 7
stop(): halt the thread.
Public class SleepExample extends Thread {
Public void run() {
for (int i=1; i<3; i++) { [Link](i);
try {[Link](5000);} catch(Interrupted Exception e)
{ [Link](e); }
}
}
}
Public class First {
Public static void main(String args[]){
SleepExample t1=new SleepExample(); SleepExample t2=new SleepExample();
[Link](); [Link]();
}
8
}
Public class J extends Thread {
Public void run() {
for (int i=1; i<3; i++) { [Link](i);
try { [Link](5000); } catch(Interrupted Exception e)
{ [Link](e); }
}
}
}
Public class First {
Public static void main(String args[]){
J t1=new J(); J t2=new J(); J t3=new J();
try { [Link](); } [Link](); [Link]();
}
9
}
Public class P extends Thread {
Public void run() {
[Link](“Name”+[Link]().getName());
[Link](“Priority”+[Link]().getPriority());
}
}
Public class First {
Public static void main(String args[]){
P m1=new P(); P m2=new P();
[Link]((Thread.MIN_PRIORITY));
[Link]((Thread.MAX_PRIORITY));
[Link](); [Link]();
}
10
}
Synchronization in java
Is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to any shared resource
To allow only one thread to access the shared resources
To prevent thread interference
To prevent consistency problem
11
Advantages
Responsiveness
Resource sharing
Economy
Utilization of multiprocessor architectures
Disadvantages
More complicated code
Deadlocks
12
