Editorial

Advanced Technologies and Applications in Computer Science

and Engineering
Ognyan Nakov 1 , Milena Lazarova 1 and Nikolay Hinov 2, *

1 Department of Computer Systems, Faculty of Computer Systems and Technologies,

Technical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; nakov@[Link] (O.N.); milaz@[Link] (M.L.)
2 Department of Power Electronics, Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Technologies,
Technical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
* Correspondence: hinov@[Link]

Abstract: This editorial article introduces the Special Issue entitled “Advanced Technologies
and Applications in Computer Science and Engineering”, which highlights a diverse range
of contemporary research and technological advancements in these fields. The issue
features selected contributions that explore cutting-edge innovations, including artificial
intelligence, machine learning, quantum computing, the Internet of Things, and big data
analytics, emphasizing their transformative impact on industry, science, and society. The
articles address both theoretical advancements and practical applications, showcasing
novel approaches to solving complex computational and engineering problems. Special
attention is given to the challenges associated with the integration and implementation of
these emerging technologies, including scalability, security, and ethical considerations. The
selected studies present innovative solutions in key areas such as robotics, network security,
cloud computing, and data-driven decision-making, contributing to the development
of efficient, intelligent, and sustainable technological solutions. By bringing together
a multidisciplinary perspective, this Special Issue aims to foster collaboration among
researchers, engineers, and industry professionals, ultimately advancing the frontiers of
computer science and engineering.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; big data; quantum computing; Industry 4.0; Internet
of Things; machine learning; robotics; network security; technological innovation;
societal transformation

Received: 8 February 2025

Revised: 12 February 2025
Accepted: 13 February 2025 1. Introduction
Published: 14 February 2025
In today’s rapidly evolving world of technology, computer science and engineering
Citation: Nakov, O.; Lazarova, M.;
are playing a key role in transforming industries and society as a whole. From artificial
Hinov, N. Advanced Technologies
and Applications in Computer Science intelligence and machine learning to the Internet of Things and quantum computing, new
and Engineering. Electronics 2025, 14, technologies are offering innovative solutions to complex problems, improving efficiency
753. [Link] and productivity. These developments are not only leading to significant progress in
electronics14040753 traditional engineering fields, but are also creating new applications that are rethinking the
Copyright: © 2025 by the authors. way we interact with the digital world.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. In the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning, significant progress has
This article is an open access article been made in AI theory and practice. Developments in neural networks and machine
distributed under the terms and
learning algorithms have improved the capabilities of AI systems in recognizing patterns,
conditions of the Creative Commons
decision-making, and learning from data without explicit programming [1]. Deep learning
Attribution (CC BY) license
([Link] has revolutionized fields such as image recognition, natural language processing, and
licenses/by/4.0/).

Electronics 2025, 14, 753 [Link]

Electronics 2025, 14, 753 2 of 6

autonomous driving by enabling machines to process and understand vast amounts of

data with a level of accuracy that often surpasses human capabilities [2].
Quantum computing has seen the design of new algorithms that exploit quantum
mechanical properties to perform computations more efficiently than their classical coun-
terparts, potentially solving problems previously considered intractable [3,4]. Innovations
in quantum communications promise ultra-secure data transmission channels due to the
principles of quantum mechanics, which could revolutionize data security [4,5].
The Internet of Things (IoT) has benefitted from innovations in frameworks that
support more efficient data collection, processing, and transmission. These enhancements
enable smarter cities and industries through improved resource management and service
delivery [6]. Advances in IoT security ensure better protection against hacking and data
breaches, addressing the growing need to safeguard expanding IoT ecosystems [7].
Big data and analytics have experienced significant growth, with the emergence of
tools and technologies that facilitate the collection, storage, analysis, and visualization of
large datasets. These developments enable insights that inform business and governmental
decision-making [8]. The integration of cloud technologies with big data analytics has
allowed for scalable solutions that accommodate the ever-growing data needs of modern
organizations [9].
In network security, advanced cryptographic methods and security protocols have
been developed to protect data across networks, which is particularly vital in an era of
increasing cyber threats [10]. New trends and innovations in cloud computing security
address the vulnerabilities associated with storing and processing data off-site [11].
The ethical and societal impacts of technology include the growing discussion around
the ethical use of AI and big data. This has led to the development of guidelines and
frameworks to ensure these technologies are used responsibly, promoting fairness and
preventing discrimination [12]. Additionally, the impact of AI and big data applications
on societal structures has been analyzed, highlighting their potential to both address and
exacerbate issues like inequality and unemployment [8,13].
These achievements reflect a dynamic and rapidly evolving field where technological
advancements continually redefine what is possible, bringing both opportunities and chal-
lenges to the forefront of digital transformation in society and industry. The development
of computer science and engineering requires not only technical knowledge, but also a
multidisciplinary approach that brings together researchers, engineers, and industrial
leaders. This Special Issue aims to create a platform for discussion on the strategies needed
to foster innovation related to the application of modern information and communication
technologies and to contribute to the construction of sustainable and intelligent solutions
for the future.

2. The Present Issue

For this Special Issue, entitled “Advanced Technologies and Applications in Com-
puter Science and Engineering”, we received a total of 21 submissions, which were each
meticulously evaluated by one of the Guest Editors to assess its relevance to the broad
themes of artificial intelligence, quantum computing, network security, and the Internet
of Things, among others. The submissions that closely aligned with these cutting-edge
topics were subjected to a detailed review process by at least two external reviewers. Those
that did not meet the specific criteria for this issue were not considered further. After
an exacting peer-review process, 11 articles were carefully chosen for publication. These
selected papers collectively address a wide spectrum of advanced technologies and their
applications within computer science and engineering. The scope of the contributions
is broad, covering areas such as machine learning techniques for predictive modeling,
Electronics 2025, 14, 753 3 of 6

advancements in quantum algorithm applications, security enhancements for IoT devices,

and big data analytics for smarter decision-making systems.
Each article contributes to a nuanced understanding of how contemporary technolo-
gies can be harnessed to solve complex problems, enhance the efficiency of systems, and
drive innovation across various sectors. Below, a summary of the key findings and conclu-
sions from each article is presented, showcasing the depth and diversity of research in this
rapidly evolving field.
The first contribution by Cao et al. focuses on optimizing power control in millimeter-
wave (mmWave) vehicular networks that integrate non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)
and caching. It aims to enhance the vehicular quality of service while ensuring fairness
among vehicles by maximizing the probability of successful signal decoding. The study
introduces a novel cache-assisted NOMA framework combining mmWave beamforming
with caching to improve communication efficiency and reliability. It incorporates proba-
bilistic line-of-sight and double-Nakagami fading models to reflect real-world propagation
conditions. The analysis of decoding success probabilities under different caching scenarios
leads to optimal power allocation strategies. The study also evaluates the robustness of the
framework against beamsteering errors and demonstrates the benefits of larger cache sizes.
Detailed numerical analysis explores the impact of various parameters on system perfor-
mance, offering optimization strategies to enhance mmWave vehicular communications in
urban environments.
The second contribution by Li et al. presents an advanced CNN method for optimizing
object detection by balancing accuracy and speed. Using the structural reparameteriza-
tion of convolutional layers and a unique branch-matching strategy, the method reduces
computational overhead and parameter count while maintaining detection accuracy. A
new CPC NMS screening strategy addresses detection redundancy, further optimizing
accuracy. The model demonstrates competitive results on datasets like PASCAL VOC2012
and MS COCO2017, achieving a better balance between accuracy and speed compared to
mainstream methods. This research highlights the importance of balancing performance
and efficiency in real-world applications of convolutional neural networks.
The third contribution by Sharabov et al. addresses the increasing threat of spam
emails in academic settings, proposing a Bayesian filter-based system tailored for university
networks. Bayesian filters use probabilistic classifiers to distinguish spam from legitimate
emails, enhancing email security while mitigating risks such as phishing and malware
distribution. The research demonstrates the filters’ effectiveness in real-time settings,
emphasizing their role in improving email security in academic institutions.
The fourth contribution by Rahman et al. introduces Forester, an innovative method for
enhancing data processing in relational databases through approximate processing during
query-time exploratory data analysis (qEDA). Forester addresses the limitations of tradi-
tional approximate query processing (AQP) methods in handling interdependent queries
and control structures by implementing imperative program-aware sampling. Using a
forest data structure, the method balances query speed and accuracy. Experimental results
show that Forester outperforms existing systems in minimizing errors and improving
response times, advancing real-time data analysis in relational databases.
The fifth contribution by Yotov et al. presents a machine learning (ML) and deep
learning (DL) framework for sensor data analysis in industrial settings, focusing on ma-
chine health monitoring and wear prediction. The framework combines dimensionality
reduction techniques with various ML and DL algorithms to improve prediction accuracy.
Validated on shearing–cutting operation data, the model achieves significant improvements
in predictive maintenance and operational efficiency, demonstrating the importance of
advanced analytics in Industry 4.0.
Electronics 2025, 14, 753 4 of 6

The sixth contribution by Silva et al. explores vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs)
with a context- and mobility-aware forwarding model using Named Data Network-
ing (NDN). The proposed Short-Term Mobility Prediction (STMP) algorithm reduces
transmission overhead by leveraging overheard packets for mobility updates. The
CMAF model demonstrates superior performance in terms of Interest Satisfaction Ra-
tio (ISR) and reduced retransmissions compared to existing methods, improving real-time
vehicular communications.
The seventh contribution by Dong et al. introduces a machine learning fusion model
for rapid stress prediction in concrete pump truck booms. Combining Random Search,
Extreme Gradient Boosting Tree, and Random Forest algorithms, the method optimizes
hyperparameters for improved prediction accuracy and efficiency. With an R-squared value
exceeding 0.955, the model offers a robust solution for enhancing safety and reliability in
construction machinery.
The eighth contribution by Zhang et al. proposes a modular-based incremental place-
ment technique for VLSI chip design. By utilizing hierarchical netlist structures, the method
speeds up circuit layout and design iterations, enabling the efficient assessment of Power,
Performance, and Area (PPA) metrics. This approach streamlines the VLSI design process,
offering scalability and faster iterative cycles.
The ninth contribution by Djolev et al. integrates blockchain technology with federated
learning in the decentralized platform, FBLearn. This approach maintains data privacy
and reduces network traffic while collaboratively training machine learning models. Smart
contracts enhance trust and security, enabling robust credit risk scoring and fraud detec-
tion. The experimental results highlight the platform’s effectiveness in democratizing ML
model training.
The tenth contribution by Liao et al. introduces a novel multiplication routine for
reconfigurable four-valued logic processors, addressing limitations of binary systems in
parallel processing. Implemented on the Alinx7020 platform, the routine uses Modified
Signed-Digit (MSD) transformations for efficient, high-speed multiplication. The findings
showcase the potential of four-valued logic in tackling computational bottlenecks, with
applications in high-performance computing.
Finally, the eleventh contribution by Lin et al. explores the use of advanced deep
learning models for typhoon trajectory prediction. By integrating CNNs with LSTM,
Patch Time-Series Transformer, and standard Transformer models, the approach processes
complex spatio-temporal data. The results demonstrate exceptional prediction accuracy,
highlighting the model’s potential for disaster management and preparedness.

3. Conclusions
The papers presented cover a wide range of technological advances and research
innovations, focusing on data processing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and their
real-world applications in areas such as disaster management and industrial monitoring.
Taken together, these studies advance the understanding and application of complex data
systems, demonstrating progress through improved models for natural disaster prediction,
advanced sensor analytics for industrial environments, and blockchain-based solutions for
data security and decentralized processing. Interdisciplinary research is essential to address
complex challenges, combining insights from fields such as meteorology, materials science,
and information technology. These synergies foster breakthroughs in data interpretation
and practical applications, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration.
Educational programs that foster interdisciplinary approaches can nurture innovators
capable of advancing these fields, ensuring that technological developments continue to
meet the changing demands of industry and society.
Electronics 2025, 14, 753 5 of 6

Author Contributions: O.N., M.L. and N.H. were involved in the full process of producing this paper,
including the conceptualization, methodology, modeling, validation, visualization, and preparation
of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding: This work has been accomplished with financial support from the European Regional
Development Fund within the Operational Programme “Bulgarian National Recovery and Resilience
Plan”, the procedure for the direct provision of grants ”Establishing of a network of research higher
education institutions in Bulgaria”, and under Project BG-RRP-2.004-0005 “Improving the research
capacity and quality to achieve international recognition and resilience of TU-Sofia (IDEAS)”.

Data Availability Statement: Not applicable.

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

List of Contributions:
1. Cao, W.; Gu, J.; Gu, X.; Zhang, G. Beamsteering-Aware Power Allocation for Cache-Assisted
NOMA mmWave Vehicular Networks. Electronics 2023, 12, 2653. [Link]
electronics12122653.
2. Li, X.; Lv, X.; Sun, L.; Zhang, J.; Lan, R. RepRCNN: A Structural Reparameterisation Convolu-
tional Neural Network Object Detection Algorithm Based on Branch Matching. Electronics 2023,
12, 4180. [Link]
3. Sharabov, M.; Tsochev, G.; Gancheva, V.; Tasheva, A. Filtering and Detection of Real-Time
Spam Mail Based on a Bayesian Approach in University Networks. Electronics 2024, 13, 374.
[Link]
4. Rahman, M.A.; Lee, Y.-K. Forester: Approximate Processing of an Imperative Procedure for
Query-Time Exploratory Data Analysis in a Relational Database. Electronics 2024, 13, 759.
[Link]
5. Yotov, O.; Aleksieva-Petrova, A. Data-Driven Prediction Model for Analysis of Sensor Data.
Electronics 2024, 13, 1799. [Link]
6. Silva, E.T.D.; Macedo, J.; Costa, A. CMAF: Context and Mobility-Aware Forwarding Model for
V-NDN. Electronics 2024, 13, 2394. [Link]
7. Dong, Q.; Su, Y.; Xu, G.; She, L.; Chang, Y. A Fast Operation Method for Predicting Stress
in Nonlinear Boom Structures Based on RS–XGBoost–RF Model. Electronics 2024, 13, 2742.
[Link]
8. Zhang, Z.; Chen, G. Incremental Placement Technology Based on Front-End Design. Electronics
2024, 13, 2745. [Link]
9. Djolev, D.; Lazarova, M.; Nakov, O. FBLearn: Decentralized Platform for Federated Learning on
Blockchain. Electronics 2024, 13, 3672. [Link]
10. Liao, S.; Li, S.; Li, L.; Li, X.; Gu, X.; Zhang, S. Research on Multiplication Routine Based on
Reconfigurable Four-Valued Logic Processor. Electronics 2024, 13, 3720. [Link]
0/electronics13183720.
11. Lin, G.; Liang, Y.; Tavares, A.; Lima, C.; Xia, D. Typhoon Trajectory Prediction by Three CNN+
Deep-Learning Approaches. Electronics 2024, 13, 3851. [Link]
93851.

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