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Worksheet Five

The document discusses processes for concentrating orange juice while preserving flavor, involving a bypass of fresh juice to mix with concentrated juice. It also details a continuous distillation process for a liquid mixture of ethanol and solute, including calculations for mass fractions and flow rates. Additionally, it covers a reaction between ethylene and hydrogen bromide, calculating conversion rates and reaction extents, and mentions methane reacting with oxygen to form formaldehyde and carbon dioxide.

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47 views2 pages

Worksheet Five

The document discusses processes for concentrating orange juice while preserving flavor, involving a bypass of fresh juice to mix with concentrated juice. It also details a continuous distillation process for a liquid mixture of ethanol and solute, including calculations for mass fractions and flow rates. Additionally, it covers a reaction between ethylene and hydrogen bromide, calculating conversion rates and reaction extents, and mentions methane reacting with oxygen to form formaldehyde and carbon dioxide.

Uploaded by

abr6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1. Fresh orange juice contains 12.

0 wt% solids and the balance water, and concentrated orange


juice contains 42.0 wt% solids. Initially a single evaporation process was used for the
concentration, but volatile constituents of the juice escaped with the water, leaving the
concentrate with a flat taste. The current process overcomes this problem by bypassing the
evaporator with a fraction of the fresh juice. The juice that enters the evaporator is concentrated
to 58 wt% solids, and the evaporator product stream is mixed with the bypassed fresh juice to
achieve the desired final concentration

2. A liquid mixture contains 60.0 wt% ethanol (E), 5.0 wt% of a dissolved solute (S), and the
balance water. A stream of this mixture is fed to a continuous distillation column operating at
steady [Link] streams emerge at the top and bottom of the column. The column design
calls for the product streams to have equal mass flow rates and for the top stream to contain
90.0 wt% ethanol and no S.
A. Assume a basis of calculation, draw and fully label a process flowchart, do the degree-of-
freedom analysis, and verify that all unknown stream flows and compositions can be
calculated.
B. Calculate the mass fraction of S in the bottom stream and the fraction of the ethanol in
the feed that leaves in the bottom product stream (i.e., kg E in bottom stream/kg E in feed)
if the process operates as designed.
3. The reaction between ethylene and hydrogen bromide to form ethyl bromide is carried out in
a continuous reactor. The product stream is analyzed and found to contain 51.7 mole% C2H5Br
and 17.3% HBr. The feed to the reactor contains only ethylene and hydrogen bromide.
Calculate the fractional conversion of the limiting reactant and the percentage by which the
other reactant is in excess. If the molar flow rate of the feed stream is 165 mol/s, what is the
extent of reaction?
4. Methane and oxygen react in the presence of a catalyst to form formaldehyde. In a parallel
reaction, methane is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water:
Solution

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