Resistance of Galvanometer by Kelvin's Method
Date: .........1n0.......
Theory
Kelvin's method determines the
easier to find the resistance resistance of the galvanometer using the principle of Wheatstone bridge, which
since you only need to know the ratio of the lengths and not the specific value of resistance omakes
f
Agalvanometer whose
a resistance box is resistance 'G to be determined is connected in one gop (left gap) of a Wheatstones meter brido wierer
connected in the other gap (right gap). ond
AGel E key Kand rheostat Rh are connected in seriec with the bridge wire AC. The junction Bof the
resistance box is connected to the jockey which gavOnomerer ond .
Asuitable resistunce Kis
can slide along wire AC.
taken
any point of AC, note the deflection in the resistance box and acurrent lis sent through the circuit. Without fouching the jockey
in the gavanometer.
Armeostat is adjusted to get a suitoble deflection (e a0 15. 20 divisions) in the galvanometer. Place the jockey af
C, and see the deflection on the points Aon
galvanometer. It should be on opposite sides.
by touching the jockey to different points of wire AC. firnd (obtoin) the point of contact for which the
|he some deflection as before i.e., points Band Dare eguipotential (i.e. the point gives the'D'same galvanometer show,
with or without the contact of the deflection in the galvanomel,
jockey.)
In this method, the nullpoint is not obtained. Thus Kelvins method is deflection method. The
point Dis called a balance pim
|Experiment:
Aim
:To determine the resistance of agalvanometer by Kelvin's method using Wheatstone's me
bridge.
Apparatus :Wheatstone's meter bridge, a rheostat, a cel, a galvanometer, a resistance box, a jocke
connecting wires, a plug key, etc.
|Accuracy : As the Kelvin bridge is Used for the measurement of low resistance values, the accuracy
measurement of low resistances in a Kelvin bridge is of the order of ± 0.05 to ± 0.2%
Formula:
G = R
where, o length of the bridge wire corresponding to G.
length of the bridge wire corresponding to R.
resistance of galvanometer
R resistance introduced in R.B.
Diagram:
R Notations:
R - Known resistance (R.B.)
Galvanometer
E -Cell
K - Key
Rh - Rheostat
le -Balancing lengths
K J - Jockey
E AC - Bridge wire
Wheatstone's meter bridge Rh
D - Nullpoint
Fig. 9.1 : Kelvin's method to determine the resistance
of galvanometer
(62)
New Approach to
Physics Practical Book - Xll 63
Procedure:
m Connect the circuit as shown in Fig.
(2) The
galvanometer, whose resistance [Link] to be determined is connected in one arm, and a resistance box is
connected in the other
Gand R. Asuitable arm of the Wheatstone's bridge. A jockey is directly connected from a point between
The circuit is resistance Ris introduced in the resistance box.
closed and the
galvanometer shows nearly half galvanometer deflection is noted. The rheostat is adjusted so that the
(4) When the jockey is touched the full scale deflection.
the jockey along the on the wire; the galvanometer deflection either increases, or decreases. Move
wire till the galvanometer
polnt or balance point. Thus in this position, the deflection is restored to the original value. This is the null
from the wire. null point is constant when the joCkey 1S To0
(5) Adjust Rso that the balance
of the bridge wire. point is between 30 cm to 70 cm preferably one reading near or in the middle
(6) Take three more
Measure l and :
readings by changing the values of R.
(7) The positions of Gand Rare
18) Calculate the interchanged and four regdings are obtained by adjusting
value of G in each .
case. Take mean G.
|Observation Table:
(1) Galvanometer in left gap:
Obs.
R ohm
No. cm G= R ohm Mean G ohm
1.
50 5| 52·05
2 B5 50 550o 54:9
3 60 49 5! 51:65
4
Mean G = G, +G, +G, +.G,
4
52O9... + 55....+.5165.
54:....
64 ANew Approoch to Physics Practical Book
(2) Galvanometer in right gap:
Obs.
No. Rohm cm 4 cm G=R ohm Mean Goh
50 53 5639
47
2. 55.00
55 50 50
3. 60 51 62·46
4.
Mean G G, +G, + G, +G,
4
56-39 55 62.46
4 3
173-85
.......eeese....
4 3
51:95...
Calculations:
G =R.G
(1) Galvanometer in Left gap:
Obs. No. ’ 1 3
|log R= a |: 699 0 47404 |:7782
|log =b |7076 16990 |: 6402
a+b=c 3.4066 3i4394 3·4684
|log , = d |:6902 |·6440 |7076
c-d = e |7164 |7404 |:7608
Antilog e =G 52 05 55.00 57·65
New Approach to Physics
Practical Book-X 65
(2)
Galvanometer in Right gop:
Obs. No. ’ 4
3
log R = a
|6490 |7404 7182
|log = b
|:7243 |649O |7076
a+b=c
3.423 3. 4394 3.4858
log =d |. 62| |"64o |6902
c-d= e
|7512 |7404 |:7956
Antiloge = G S63A 55.00 62. 6
. The resistance of the
galvanometer
G
Mean G (of left gap) + Mean G (of right gap)
2
54:.. +.5.1:95.
2
JJ2...85.
2
..56.:4.a..
Result:
The resistance of the galvanometer G = [Link]
Precautions
(1) Make all the connections and the keys in the resistance box tight.
or between
(2) Adjust the resistance Rsuch that the point lies in the middle one third of the meter bridge wire
30 cm and 70 cm preferably one reading near or on the mid of the bridge wire.
(3) Keep the circuit on only at the time of observation.
(4) Do not slide jockey on the wire but tap it gently to get the exact null point.
Sources of Error
non-uniform cross section.
(0) The wire used in the experiment may havea
(2) Galvanometer can develop errors due to aging.
instruments used are inaccurate.
(3) Instrumental errors, which occur when the
Additional Experiments/Activity you can do
current, find the value of shunt resistance required
to convert the
ofG and value of full scale deflection
Using the value
galvanometer into on ammeter of suitable range.
Verify the value for one reading of 'e'.
suitable ronge.
Also find the value of series resistance required
to convert galvanometer into a voltmeter of
Verify the value for one reading of 0.
