Practical Research 2 – Grade 11

Quarter 4 – Module 13: Collecting Data Using Appropriate Instruments

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Renee Rose C. Reyes
Editor: Jonalyn G. Palma
Reviewers: Liza A. Alvarez, EPS – Research
Illustrator: Renee Rose C. Reyes, and Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist: Micaelle Lauren V. Tenorio
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
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Practical
Research 2 11
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module13
Collecting Data Using
Appropriate Instruments
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to Practical Research 2 Self-Learning Module on Collecting Data

Using Appropriate Instruments!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to Practical Research 2 Self-Learning Module on Collecting Data

Using Appropriate Instruments!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

In this lesson, we will recall the different research instruments and then
identify to what research design such instruments can be used.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. discuss each research instrument that is commonly used in
quantitative research;
2. identify what research instrument applies to the given research type;
and
3. create the content of the data collection process in your own
research paper.

PRETEST

DIRECTIONS: Read the statements/questions comprehensively and choose

the best answer. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. It is a type of instrument that can be distributed electronically and

saves time and effort?
A. Experiment
B. Telephone Interview
C. Structured Observation
D. Paper-pencil Questionnaire

2. It is a type of interview used in evaluation research wherein the

interviewer does not follow a rigid form.
A. Structured Interview
B. In-depth Interview
C. Covert Interview
D. Overt Interview

3. When you chose to conduct a case study type of research, what are the
research instruments you can use?
A. Interview and observation
B. Questionnaire and focus group discussion
C. Experiment, focus group discussion, and observation
D. Questionnaire, interview, focus group discussion, and
observation
 4. Peter will conduct a research focusing on the evaluation of the newly
implemented program in his company. What research instruments can
he use?
A. Focus group discussion, interview and observation
B. Focus group discussion
C. Experiments
D. Interview

5. In your science class, your teacher asked your group to conduct a pure
science type of research. What research instrument/s would you use?
A. Interview and paper-pencil questionnaire
B. Interview and covert observation
C. Experiment and observation
D. Experiment only

RECAP
DIRECTIONS: Before proceeding with the lesson proper, differentiate Type I error
and Type II error in hypothesis testing.

Hypothesis
Testing

Figure 1. Blank open book (Daniel Langford n.d.)

 LESSON

Research instrument is very important in every research paper. It is the

main tool on how you will gather data from the chosen respondents and later
be analyzed for the results. It is usually identified by the researcher depending
on the methodology to be used. Few examples of research instruments are
survey questionnaire, interview guidelines, experiments, and observation.
Let us dig more on each type of the research instruments.

Research Instruments

In the previous modules, we have discussed the different research

instruments, and, in this part, we will recall each of those instruments for
quantitative research.

Research
Description
Instruments
Questionnaires
- Paper-pencil The most common research instrument used in
questionnaires quantitative research. Questionnaires often make
use of checklists and rating scales. It is usually
given personally to the respondents but can also be
sent through mail or e-mail.

It can be distributed electronically to a large

number of people and saves the researcher time
and money. But when it is a hard copy (photocopy)
and given personally, it usually takes time and
money.

Often includes the closed-ended or multiple-choice

type of questions.

- Web-based A new and inevitably growing methodology is the

questionnaires use of internet-based research. The respondents
will answer online questions such as the use of
Survey Monkey, Google Forms, or other platforms.

This type of questionnaire has advantages. First, it

is cost-friendly, easy to distribute and can generate
 results quickly with just a few steps. Unlike in
paper-pen type of questionnaire where the
researcher needs to manually tally the answers of
the respondents.
Interview An interview can be used at any stage of the
evaluation process. Two types of interviews are
used in evaluation research: structured
interviews, in which a carefully worded
questionnaire is administered, and in-depth
interviews, in which the interviewer does not
follow a rigid form. The interview will supplement
the data gathered through questionnaires.

A personal interview (face-to-face interview) is done

when people usually respond when asked by a
person, but their answer may be influenced by the
interviewer.

Telephone interviews are less time-consuming and

less expensive, and the researcher has ready
access to anyone on the planet who has a
telephone.
Experiments This type of instrument attempts to determine the
cause and effect relationship between two or more
variables. There are two kinds of experiments:

Blind Experiment- the test subjects do not know

if they are getting the experimental treatment or
the placebo.

Double-Blind Experiment- neither the test

subject nor the experimenter measuring the
response knows to which group the test subjects
have been assigned (treatment or placebo).
Observations Observational techniques are methods by which an
individual or individuals gather first-hand data on
programs, processes, or behaviors being studied. A
recording sheet and checklist are standards when
collecting data through observation.

As discussed before, structured observation can be

covert, overt, direct, or indirect.
Source: Practical Research 2 (2016) by Faltado, Bombita, Boholano and Pogoy
Classification of Research Instrument Based on Research Type

Type of Research Data Collection Instrument

1 Applied Questionnaire, Interview and
Observation.
2 Survey Questionnaire, Focus Group, Interview
and Observation.
3 Case Study Questionnaire, Interview, focus group
discussion and Observation.
4 Ethnographic e.g. Observation, questionnaire, focus group
correlational research discussion and interview.
5 Historical Observation, focus group discussion and
interview.
6 Evaluation Focus group discussion, interview and
observation
7 Pure Science Experiment and observation
8 Action Questionnaire and interview
9 Longitudinal Questionnaire, observation, focus group
discussion, interview and experiment in
case of pure science research.
10 Exploratory Questionnaire, observation and interview.
Source: Japheth Yaya, 18th June, 2014

Based on the table above, it is clear that it is possible to have more than
one research instrument for every research study. It depends on the data you
need from the respondents or from the subjects. Most of the time, having more
than one instrument means that you are doing mix methods approach of
research. This is a type of research wherein you will reach more valid and
reliable results since you will look to have a more diverse perspective from
quantitative and qualitative data.

Identifying the appropriate instrument to be used is essential in a

research study because failing to do so will result in invalid and unreliable
results. If you can recall, once you have chosen and drafted your instrument,
it must go through validity and reliability tests before you can actually gather
data from the subjects and respondents. Going through these tests will ensure
that the instrument that you used is applicable to your research and that the
content is aligned with the goal of your paper.

Read and study the example research instrument discussion below.

Research Title: Enhancing Learning Competencies in Practical Research 2 Using
Learning Module

Researchers: Charlene B. Ballera, Jonalyn G. Palma, Mary Jane A. Dalisay and

Renee Rose C. Reyes

Research Methodology
 ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTIONS: Complete the boxes below by writing the definition of each type
of research instrument used in quantitative research. Write your answers in
your notebook.

Questionnaire Interview

Experiment Observation

ACTIVITY 2

DIRECTIONS: Identify the type of research and the appropriate data collection
method to be used. Write your answers in your notebook.

Research Title Type of Research Data Collection

Instruments
Computer-Based
Instruction (CBI) as a
Way of Reducing Math
Anxiety
Information Systems
Security design: A case
Study Based Approach
The Impact of Using
Word Walls in Teaching
Fifth Graders Content
Vocabulary in Science.
ACTIVITY 3

DIRECTIONS: Write a draft of your Data Collection Process in your chosen

research study.

Research Title: __________________________________________________

Research Methodology
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

WRAP – UP

DIRECTIONS: Summarize the different instrument in research and the

appropriate type of research where it will be used. Write your answers in your
notebook.

Questionnaire Observation

Interview Experiment
 VALUING

DIRECTIONS: Explain the quote below relative to the discussion in this module.
Write your answer in your notebook.

“Instrumentation is a threat to internal validity in research.”

~Neil J. Salkind
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

POSTTEST

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE: Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

If false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.
Write your answers in your notebook.

___________1. Interview can be sent to a large number of people and saves

the researcher time and money.

___________2. A new and inevitably growing methodology is the use of internet-

based research called web-based questionnaire.

___________3. Note-pad questionnaire often includes the closed-ended and

multiple-choice type of questions.

___________4. Using questionnaire is appropriate in all type of research study.

___________5. Observational techniques are methods by which an individual

or individuals gather first-hand data on program, processes, or behaviors
being studied.
 KEY TO CORRECTION

REFERENCES

Ballera, Charlene B., Jonalyn D. Gungon, Mary Jane A. Dalisay and Renee Rose C.
Reyes. Practical research 2: learning module for senior high school.
Unpublished, 2019.

Baraceros, Esther L. “Data Collection Process.” Content. In Practical Research 2, 1st

ed., 51-61. Manila: Rex Printing Company Inc. 2019.

Faltado III, Ruben E., Medardo B. Bombita, Helen B. Boholano and Angeline Pogoy.
2017. Practical Research 2: Quantitative Research for Senior High School).
Cubao, Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing Inc.

Prieto, Nelia.G., Victoria.C. Naval, and Teresita.G. Carey. Practical Research 2:

Quantitative. Cubao, Quezon City. Lorimar Publishing Inc. 2017.

Yaya, Japheth A. Choosing the Right Measurement Instrument for your Project.
2014. Retrieved from [Link]
[Link]