REPORT ON

BIHAR STATE POWER TRANSMISSION COMPANY LIMITED

132/33KVGRIDSUBSTATION SIWAN, Bihar

(841231)

An 4week Summer internship(from

from 02/06/2025 to 30/06/2025)
Report Submitted For the Partial or Fulfillment of

BACHELOR
ACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
NOLOGY
In
Electrical
ElectricalEngineering

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

----------------------------------- -----------------------------
----------
Er. Shashank Bhusan Er. Anisha Mourya
AEE GSS SIWAN JEE GSS SIWAN

SUMITTED
SUMITTEDBY
Aniket kumar Pathak
(Reg. no – 23103146918)
Department of Electrical Engineering
Government Engineering College, West Champaran
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Summer training has an important role in exposing the real life situation in an
industry. It was a great experience for me to work on training at BIHAR STATE POWER
TRANSMISSION COMPANY LIMITED through which I could learn how to work in a
professional challenging environment.
Now, I would like to thank the people who guided me and have been a constant
source of inspiration throughout the tenure of my summer training .

I am sincerely grateful to [Link] BHUSAN.(ASSISTANT ENGINEER)

and ANISHA MAURYA (Junior Engineer) At 132/33KV GRID SUB-STATION,SIWAN &
All Technician / operators of GSS SIWAN who rendered me his valuable assistance,
constant encouragement and able guidance which made this training actually possible. I
also wish my deep sense of gratitude to ABHISHEK KUMAR (HOD: Department OF EE
and ANURAG KUMAR (Training & Placement Officer) & OM PRAKASH RAM (Subject
Teacher)
And other faculty Members whose guidance and encouragement made my training successful.

ANIKET KR. PATHAK

(Reg. no. 23103146918)

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 CONTENTS
[Link]. TOPIC

01. Acknowledgement

02. Grid at a glance

03. Single Line Diagram

04. Grid

05. Substation

06. Elements of Substation

07. Ground Wire

08. Overhead power lines

09. Capacitor Voltage Transformer

10. Wave Trap

11. Disconnecting Switch or Isolators

12. Circuit Breaker

13. Current Transformer

14. Potential Transformer

15. Lighting Arrester

16. Power Transformer

17. Digital Protective Relay

18. Storage Battery

19. Bibliography

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 GRID SUB-STATION, SIWAN AT GLANCE

Grid sub-station, Siwan a 132/33KV grid sub-station. It is part of

transmission - Division Gopalganj.

CAPACITY of GSS

There are two types of transformer:-

1. T1 & T2 - (2*50MVA–ECE)  Both are connected in parallel
2. T3 - 1*50MVA-VIJAI ELECTRICALS
 GRID MAX. CAPACITY 150MVA

HIGH VOLTAGE SIDE-132KV

1. AMNOUR CKT - 1  (Main source of substation)

2. AMNOUR CKT - 2  Both are connected in parallel

3. HATHUA
4. MASHRAKH
5. RAGHUNATHPUR
6. T.S.S PACHRUKHI (RAILWAY)
LOW VOLTAGE SIDE-33KV

1. SIWAN – 1
2. SIWAN – 2
3. PACHRUCHI
4. RESORA
5. BARHARIYA
6. MAIRWA
7. SRINAGAR
8. SISWA
9. BINDUSAR
10. RAMNAGAR
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4
 GRID

The electrical grid is electrical power system network comprised of the

transmission line, the substation, transformers, the distribution lines and
the consumers.

In other words, an electric grid is a network of synchronised power

provider and consumers that are connected by transmission and
distribution lines and operated by one or more control centre.

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 SUBSTATION

A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission and

distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high level to
low level or the reverse ,or perform any of the several other important
function between generating station and the consumer.

A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between

high transmission voltages and distribution voltages orat interconnection
of two different transmission voltages.

ELEMENTS OF SUBSTATION
A. Primary Power Lines Side
B. Secondary Power Lines Side
1. Primary Power Lines
2. Ground Wire
3. Overhead Power Lines
4. Capacitor Voltage Transformer
5. Wave Trap
6. Disconnecting Switch(Isolators)
7. Circuit Breaker
8. Current Transformer
9. Potential Transformer
10. Lighting Arrester
11. Power Transformer

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 GROUNDWIRE

Ground wire is used for protection in electrical equipment. Electrical circuit

may be connected to ground for several reason. In mains powered equipment,
exposed metal parts are connected to ground so that if, due to any fault
conditions, a "line" supply voltage connection occurs to any such conductive
parts, the current flow will be such that any protective equipment installed
counter overload or "leakage" protection will operate and disconnect the line
voltage. This is done to prevent harm resulting to the user from coming in
contact with any such dangerous voltage in a situation where the user may, at
the same time, also come in contact with an object at ground potential.

OVERHEAD POWER LINES

An overhead line is a structure used in electrical power transmission and

distribution to transmit electrical energy along large distance, it consist
of one or more conductor suspended by towers or poles. Since most of
insulation is provided by air, overhead power lines are generally the
lowest cost method of power transmission for large quantity of electric
energy.

In the 132/33KV grid sub-station siwan, the overhead power line used in
grid sub- station is ACSR moose Conductor, which receive power of
132KV from 220/132KV grid sub-station AMNOUR by the help of two
circuit known as Circuit-01 and Circuit-02 and the ACSR Panther & dog
conductor used for feeders.

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 A bus bar is a thick strip of copper or aluminum that conducts
electricity within a distribution load and substation.

 Power lines used to carry very large current, or to distribute current

to multiple devices within switchgear or equipment.

 These can be either be suspended on insulators, or else insulation

may completely surround it..

CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

 It is a transformer used in power system to step down the extra high

voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal, for metering or
operating a protective relay.
 It is always connected in parallel.
 It has 3 secondary core in which two are used for protection and one is
used for metering.
 The CVT is installed at a point after lighting arrester and before wave
trap
❖ Difference b/w CVT & PT

 PT is only use for measuring voltage & and for some safety purpose
while CVT use for these all work as well as for communication purchase
as CVT form L-C Circuit with the help of wape trap.

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 WAVETRAP

A wave trap is a maintenance free parallel resonant circuit, mounted in

line on high voltage AC transmission power lines to prevent the
transmission of high frequency (40KHz to 1000KHz) carrier signals of
power lines communication to unwanted destinations. Wave trap are
cylinder like structure connected in series with high voltage transmission
lines.

➢ It is an inductor having tuned LC circuit, which is mainly used

for power line carrier communication (PLCC) purpose.

➢ It offer very high impedance to high frequency PLCC signals

does not allow them to enter in system and offers very low
impedance for frequency current.

➢ It is connected between buses and transmission lines and allow

only 50Hz signal to pass through it.

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 DISCONNECTING SWITCH OR ISOLATOR

 An Isolator is a mechanical switching device that, in the open position

allows for isolation of input and output of the device.
 An Isolator differs from a switch in that it is intended to be opened when
the circuit is not carrying current.
 An Isolator is a device used for isolating a circuit or equipment from a
source of power.
 Isolator is a device which always operate under no load condition. This
is because it has no provision for arc quenching.
 Its function is to isolate the circuit after operation of circuit breaker and
discharge the grapes charges to the earth through earth switch.
 It does not have any specified current making or breaking capacity.
 Isolator are used in addition to circuit breaker and are provided on each
side of every circuit breaker to provided isolation and enable
maintenance.
 It has two parts male contact and female contact when they come in
contact Isolator is closed.
It is very useful in maintenance period.

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 CIRCUITBREAKER

➢ A Circuit breaker is a device which makes or breaks a circuit

either manually or automatically under normal or abnormal
conditions.
➢ Under normal condition, it is operated manually.
➢ Under abnormal or faulty conditions, it is operates automatically
after getting command from relay.
PARTSOFCIRCUITBREAKER

1. INTERRUPTOR-Itisthemaincontactofcircuitbreakerwhich makes
or break the circuit.

2. PREINSERTION:-Itisusedincircuitbreakertoreduceswitchover
voltage at the time of closing the circuit.
3. GRADIENTCAPACITOR:-

❖ It is used to equalize the restriking voltage across the

interrupter at the time of opening or closing of circuitbreaker.
❖ Whenevercircuitbreakerisoperatedanarcisproducedinside it,
this arc is undesirable and needs to be extinguished

❖ In this 132/33KV grid sub-station Siwan, the circuit breaker

used in 132KV side is SF6gas circuit breaker and circuit
breaker used in 33KV side is vacuum circuit breaker.

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REASON FOR USING SF6 GAS IN CIRCUIT
BREAKER

 Due to high dielectric strength.

 Due to high thermal conductivity.

 Thermal and electrical stability.

 Non inflammability.

 Arc extinguishing ability.

 Moderate cost.
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 CURRENT TRANSFORMER

 A current transformer is used for measurement of alternating

electrical current. Since current transformer is used for measurement,
so it is known as measuring instrument.

 When current in a circuit is too high to directly apply to measuring

instrument, a current transformer produces a reduced accurately
proportional to the current in the circuit, which can be connected to
measuring and recording instructions.

 A current transformer also isolates measuring instrument from what

may be very high voltage in the monitored circuit. Current
transformer are commonly used in metering and protective relays in
the electrical power industry.
 The current transformer is typically described by its current ratio from
primary to secondary. Often, multiple current transformers are
installed as a "stack" or various uses. For example, protection devices
are revenue metering may use separates current transformers to
provide isolation between metering and protection circuits, and allow
current transformer with different characteristics to be used for the
devices.

 A high voltage current transformer may contain several cores, each

with a secondary winding, for different purpose (such as metering
circuit, control or protection).

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 POTENTIALTRANSFORMER

➢ Potential transformer are also called voltage transformer.

It is parallel connected type transformer, used for metering
and protection in high voltage circuit phasor phase shift
isolation. There are designed to present negligible load to
supply being measured and to have an accurate voltage
ratio to enable accurate metering.

➢ Some transformer winding (usually high voltage)

connectionpointsmaybelabelledasH1,H2(sometimeH0 if it
is internally designed to be grounded) and X1, X2 and
sometimes X3 tap may be present.

➢ Some time a second isolated winding (Y1, Y2 and

Y3) may also be available on the same voltage
transformer. The primary may be connected to
phase to ground or phase to phase. The secondary is
usually grounded on one terminal.

Current Transformer Potential Transformer

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 LIGHTINGARRESTER
 A lighting arrester is a device used on electrical power system to
protect the isolation and conductors of the system from damaging
effects of lighting. The typical lighting arrester has a high voltage
terminal and a ground terminal. When a lightning surge travels
along power line to the arrester, the current flow from the surge is
diverted through the arrester, in most cases to earth.
 It is a protective device which conducts the high voltage surges on
the power system to ground.
 Lighting arrester incorporate zinc oxide(ZnO) element with superior
linear voltage current non characteristics.
 Lighting arrester works on the principle of non linear resistance
under normal operation, the lighting arrester is off the line.
 On the occurrance of over voltage, the air insulation across the gap
breaks down an arc is formed, provided a low resistance path for the
surge to the ground in this way, the excess charge on the line due to
the surge is harmlessly conducted through the arrester to the ground.

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 TRANSFORMER

 Transformer are used to increase voltage before transmitting

electrical energy over long distances through conducts. Conductor
have resistance which losses. energy through Joule heating at a rate
corresponding to square of the current. By transmission of power
to a higher voltage transformer enable economical transmission of
power and distribution.
 Consequently, transformer have shaped the electricity supply
industry, permitting generation to be located remotely from point of
demand. All but a tiny of the world's electrical power electrical
power has passed through a series of transformers by the time it
reaches the consumer.

➢ Transformer are also used extensively in electric products that step

down the supply voltage to a level suitable for the low voltage
circuit that contain.

➢ The transformer also electrically isolates end from contact with

supply voltage
PARTS OF TRANSFORMER

➢ Bushing:-Brushing acts as a connection between overhead

conductor and the winding of the transformer.

➢ Tank:-Tank of a transformer consists of core, winding which is

immersed in oil. (Oil is basically provided for cooling and
insulation purpose).
➢ Oil Pump:- Oil pump is used for circulation of oil in the tank.

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➢ Radiator:-Radiator is used for the purpose of cooling, the
blades are so arrange that they cut the air and help to make the
temperature of oil low.

➢ Conservator:-Conservator tank is used for expansion and

contraction of oil.

➢ Cooling Fan:-Cooling fan are placed below radiator. it is

used to cool down transformer oil, winding & other temperature.
In transformers there some types of cooling method like anon,
afon, afof etc.

➢ Breather:-Breather is connected in conservator with the help

of a pipe and is placed below radiator which suck air from
atmosphere.

➢ Silica Gel:- The tank of silica gel is placed below radiator

and next to breather which absorbs the moisture from sucked air.
Silica gel is blue in color and after few year of long use it gets
pink.

➢ Buchholz Relay:- It is the protection part of transformer.

As any internal fault occurs in transformer, arc is produced and
gases formed in oil. The gas formed in oil being light rise upwards
and try to go into the conservator. The Buchholz relay is fitted in
pipe connecting tank and conservator. The gas when reach to
Buchholz relay makes the contact of relay and thus gives the
command to trip.

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Fig.:-50MVAPowerTransformer(ECE)

Fig.:-50MVAPowerTransformer(VIJAI)

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 DIGITAL PROTECTIVE RELAY

 The junctions of electron based protection systems now being

replaced by processor based digital protective relays, sometimes
called "numeric relays".

 The digital protective relay or numeric relay is a protective relay that

uses a microprocessor to analysis power system voltages, current or
other process quantities for the purpose of detection of faults in an
industrial process system. These converts voltage and currents to
digital form and process the resulting measurements using a
microprocessor. The digital relay can emulate the functions of many
discrete electromechanical relays in one device, simplifying
protection design and maintenance.

◆ Each digital relay can run self test routines to conform it's readiness
and alarm if a fault is detected.

◆ Numeric relays can also provide functions such as communication

interface, (SCADA) monitoring of contact inputs, metering, waveform
analysis and other useful features.

◆ Digital relays can store two sets of protection parameters, which

allows the behaviour of the relay to be changed during maintenance of
attached equipment.

◆ Digital relays also can provide protection strategies impossible to

synthesis with electromechanical relays and offer benefits in self
testing and communication to supervisory control systems.

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 STORAGE BATTERY

Cell - A cell is a device in which an electrical difference of potential is

established between two electrodes as a result of chemical reaction
between the electrodes & electrolytes.

There are two type of cell:-

1. Lead Acid Cell
2. Li-Ion battery

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Working Principles-

When the +ve plate of lead per oxide & -ve plates of spongy lead are
immersed in dilute H2SO4& connected together by names of external
circuit, current flows round the circuit. The cell works until the peroxide
is used up & under this condition the cell is said to be discharging.

The cell under fully discharged condition:-

Positive Plate:- PbO2
Negative Plate:- Pb electrolyte=Dilute H2SO4
(SP. Gravity = 1.25)
During discharge:-The chemical action can be represented by the
following chemical equation.
At +ve condition: PbO2+H2+H2SO4+2H2O
At -ve condition: Pb + SO4= PbSO4
During charging :-When a direct current from an external source is
passed through it from positive to negative, the following changes will
occur.

At +veplate:-PbSO4+SO2+2H2O=PbSO4+2H2O
At –veplate:-PbSO4+H2=Pb+H2SO4

Colour at the end of the charge becomes:

Positive plate:- Dark Brown

Negative plate:- State Grey
➢ The batteries are connected to the Relays for the
tripping the circuit breaker.

➢ So DC Supply (battery) is hurt of an sub station.

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 CONCLUSION:

In conclusion to all the mentioned de design

sign aspect of 132/33KV Sub-Sub
station, SIWAN. There are several other factor that are needed to be
considered. This include sociosocio-economic
economic factor of the surrounding,
locality, political development, union of worker and contractor.
Economics factors become ch chief
ief aspect in any project which can take a
prolong period to complete. A Ann assumption of price hike to all the
materials to a higher precision is needed. to made in order to estimate
the budget of project. The mechanical and civil are also an essential part
of any electrical sub-station
station design. Thus a lot of other engineering
brains in those fields are also employees for the construction. Experts in
the field of commerce and law are also employed to meet the various
challenges that may rise up. It is an over
overall
all build up that ensure huge
employment of people from different field.
field..

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