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Introduction To Computer Networks

A computer network consists of interconnected devices that communicate using protocols. The document outlines the OSI and TCP/IP models, common network devices like routers and switches, key protocols such as IP and TCP, and the differences between LAN and WAN. It also describes various network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh.

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Erika Piras
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64 views1 page

Introduction To Computer Networks

A computer network consists of interconnected devices that communicate using protocols. The document outlines the OSI and TCP/IP models, common network devices like routers and switches, key protocols such as IP and TCP, and the differences between LAN and WAN. It also describes various network topologies including bus, star, ring, and mesh.

Uploaded by

Erika Piras
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computer Networks

1. What is a Computer Network?


A computer network is a group of interconnected devices that can communicate and share
resources. These devices use protocols to exchange data over wired or wireless
connections.

2. OSI and TCP/IP Models


The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model has seven layers: Physical, Data Link,
Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

The TCP/IP model, which is more widely used, has four layers: Network Interface, Internet,
Transport, and Application.

3. Common Network Devices


- Router: Directs data packets between networks.
- Switch: Connects devices in a LAN and uses MAC addresses to forward data.
- Hub: A basic device that broadcasts data to all devices on a network.
- Modem: Converts digital data to analog signals and vice versa for internet access.

4. Key Protocols
- IP (Internet Protocol): Handles addressing and routing of packets.
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Ensures reliable data transmission.
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Provides fast, connectionless communication.
- HTTP/HTTPS: Protocols used for web browsing.

5. LAN vs WAN
LAN (Local Area Network) is limited to a small geographical area, like a home or office.
WAN (Wide Area Network) spans large distances and connects multiple LANs, such as the
Internet.

6. Network Topologies
- Bus: All devices are connected to a single central cable.
- Star: All devices connect to a central hub or switch.
- Ring: Devices are connected in a circular fashion.
- Mesh: Devices are interconnected, providing multiple paths for data.

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