Here's a complete list of the commands with one-line explanations and examples of
how to use them:
File & Directory Operations
1. 1s - List files/directories.
© 1s -1 (detailed list)
© 1s -a (show hidden files)
2. pwd ~ Print current directory path.
° pwd — /home/user
3. ed - Change directory.
© cd Documents (enter “Documents”)
° cd .. (go back one level)
4. mkdir - Create a new directory.
° mkdir new_folder
5. touch ~ Create an empty file.
® touch file.txt
6. ep - Copy files/directories.
© cp file.txt backup/ (copy to “backup” folder)
© cp -r dirt/ dir2/ (copy directory recursively)
7. mv - Move/rename files/directories.
© my old.txt new.txt (rename)
© mv file.txt ~/Downloads/ (move to Downloads)
8. rm - Remove files/directories.
© rm file.txt (delete file)
° rm -r folder/ (delete folder recursively) 10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
eat — Display file content.
less
head
tail
grep
find
cat file.txt
- View file page by page.
less long_file.log (press q to quit)
~ Show first 10 lines of a file.
head -n 5 file.txt (show first 5 lines)
~ Show last 10 lines of a file.
tail -f log.txt (live updates for logs)
~ Search text in files.
grep “error” log.txt (find “error” in file)
~ Search for files/directories.
find /home -name "*.txt" (find all txt files)
Permissions & Ownership
15. chmod - Change file permissions.
chnod 755 script.sh (give execute permission)
16. chown - Change file owner.
chown user:group file.txt
Process Management
17. ps ~ List running processes.
ps aux (detailed list) 18. top / htop - Monitor system processes.
© top (live system stats, press q to quit)
19. kill - Terminate a process.
© kill -9 1234 (force kill PID 1234)
System & Disk Info
20. df - Check disk space usage.
© df -h (human-readable format)
21. du - Check file/directory size.
© du -sh folder/ (summary of folder size)
Compression & Archives
22. tar - Archive/extract files.
© tar -czvf archive.tar.gz folder/ (create . tar.gz)
© tar -xzvf archive. tar.gz (extract tar.gz)
23. zip / unzip - Compress/extract ZIP files.
© zip archive.zip file.txt
© unzip archive.zip
Networking
24. ssh - Connect to a remote server.
© ssh
[email protected]
25. sep ~ Securely copy files over SSH. © scp file.txt user@remote:/path/
26. wget / curl - Download files from the web.
© wget https: //example.com/file.zip
© curl -0 https://example.com/file.zip
27. ping - Test network connectivity.
© ping google.com
28. ifconfig / ip - Check network interfaces.
° ifconfig (older Linux)
© ip a (newer Linux)
Miscellaneous
29. history - View command history.
© history | grep “ssh” (find past SSH commands)
30, man - View command manual.
e man 1s (help for 1s command)
Bonus: Coml 1g Commands
+ Search & count errors in logs:
grep “error” /var/log/syslog | wo -1
+ Find and delete old logs:
find /var/log -name "*.log" -mtime +30 -delete
Let me know if you'd like more advanced examples! x”
