From Idea to Site A Project Guide to Creating

Better Landscapes 1st Edition Claire Thirlwall

download

https://textbookfull.com/product/from-idea-to-site-a-project-
guide-to-creating-better-landscapes-1st-edition-claire-
thirlwall-2/

Download more ebook instantly today - get yours now at textbookfull.com

We believe these products will be a great fit for you. Click
the link to download now, or visit textbookfull.com
to discover even more!

From Idea to Site A Project Guide to Creating Better

Landscapes 1st Edition Claire Thirlwall

https://textbookfull.com/product/from-idea-to-site-a-project-
guide-to-creating-better-landscapes-1st-edition-claire-
thirlwall-2/

Creating a Web Site Design and Build Your First Site

1st Edition Greg Rickaby

https://textbookfull.com/product/creating-a-web-site-design-and-
build-your-first-site-1st-edition-greg-rickaby/

Sketchup for Site Design : A Guide to Modeling Site

Plans, Terrain and Architecture Second Edition Daniel
Tal

https://textbookfull.com/product/sketchup-for-site-design-a-
guide-to-modeling-site-plans-terrain-and-architecture-second-
edition-daniel-tal/

Introduction to Biotech Entrepreneurship: From Idea to

Business: A European Perspective Florentina Matei

https://textbookfull.com/product/introduction-to-biotech-
entrepreneurship-from-idea-to-business-a-european-perspective-
florentina-matei/
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge
PMBOK Guide Project Management Institute

https://textbookfull.com/product/a-guide-to-the-project-
management-body-of-knowledge-pmbok-guide-project-management-
institute/

A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge

PMBOK Guide Project Management Institute

https://textbookfull.com/product/a-guide-to-the-project-
management-body-of-knowledge-pmbok-guide-project-management-
institute-2/

A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge

Project Management Institute

https://textbookfull.com/product/a-guide-to-the-project-
management-body-of-knowledge-project-management-institute/

Creating sounds from scratch : a practical guide to

music synthesis for producers and composers 1st Edition
Metcalfe

https://textbookfull.com/product/creating-sounds-from-scratch-a-
practical-guide-to-music-synthesis-for-producers-and-
composers-1st-edition-metcalfe/

An Introduction to Project Management Sixth Edition

With a Brief Guide to Microsoft Project 2016 Kathy
Schwalbe

https://textbookfull.com/product/an-introduction-to-project-
management-sixth-edition-with-a-brief-guide-to-microsoft-
project-2016-kathy-schwalbe/
 A project guide to creating
better landscapes

Claire Thirlwall
© RIBA Publishing, 2020

Published by RIBA Publishing, 66 Portland Place, London, W1B 1NT

ISBN 978-1-85946-843-2

The right of Claire Thirlwall to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance
with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 sections 77 and 78.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without prior permission of the copyright owner.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Commissioning Editor: Elizabeth Webster

Assistant Editor: Clare Holloway
Production: Richard Blackburn
Designed and typeset by Sara-Miranda Icaza
Printed and bound by Short Run Press Limited, Exeter
Cover image/Image credits: Photographer Timothy Soar

While every effort has been made to check the accuracy and quality of the information given in this
publication, neither the Author nor the Publisher accept any responsibility for the subsequent use of this
information, for any errors or omissions that it may contain, or for any misunderstandings arising from it.

www.ribapublishing.com
‘Land really is the best art.’

Andy Warhol
(America, 1985)
For Paul – my favourite landscape architect
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgements IX
Preface X
Introduction XI

Chapter One 1 Chapter Two 31 Chapter Three 69

DEFINE PLAN DESIGN

21 Case Study 1.1 51 Case Study 2.1

THE LIVING BUILDING MAGGIE’S CENTRES
CHALLENGE Architectural
and landscape briefs

61 Case Study 2.2

CLOUD POINT
Scans of historic Broads
drainage mills
Appendix 214
Further Reading 216
References 217
Image credits 224
Index 225

Chapter Four 87 Chapter Five 145 Chapter Six 183

THE DESIGN TEAM CONSTRUCT AND MANAGE MAINTAIN AND EVALUATE

129 Case Study 4.1 173 Case Study 5.1 207 Case Study 6.1
WHITEHALL, LONDON NEW LUDGATE CITY OF LYON
Terrorism and security City of London Sustainable landscape
programme

137 Case Study 4.2

MERTON BORDERS
Planting for a drier,
hoter future
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My thanks go to; Will Burchnall, Paul F, Professor Chad Kennedy, Steve Maslin, Hal Moggridge, Professor
James Hitchmough, the Maggie’s Centre media team, Graham Rook, Alan Turner and Ben Ward for allowing
Donncha O’Shea and colleagues at Gustafson me to use extracts of their work.
Porter + Bowman, and Howard Wood for so generously Jeremy Barrell, the Centre for the Protection of
providing the information and many of the images for National Infrastructure, Considerate Constructors,
the case studies. The case studies make the book – sorry Jackie Cross, David Jarvis Associates, Hani Hatami
there were quite so many questions. at Humanscale, Ilex Paysage + Urbanisme, the
Martin Brown (who persuaded me this was a good International Living Future Institute, the staf at the
idea), Dr Jenni Barret, Penny Burt, Jennifer Forakis, Landscape Institute archive and library, the Phipps
Paul Gibbs, Alexander Quartly, Anneli Thomson Center for Sustainable Landscapes, Talley Associates,
and Paul Wilkinson for advice, moral support, and Lucy Wiltshire and colleagues at Morgan Sindall
distracting me away from the computer when needed. Construction & Infrastructure Ltd and what3words
Stephen Alderton, Andrew Dobson, Kenny Duncan for so generously providing photographs.
and colleagues at Crest Nicholson, Rob Donald, Mark The Get It Done Group – Barrie Atkin, Chip
Farmer, Stewart Gilmour, Lynda Harris, Andrew Capelli, Gwyneth and Winifred de Cavia, Marlyn
Kinsey, Vanessa Jukes, Colin Moore, Tom Oulton, Sue Keating, Bridget Keller, Catherine King, Joyce
Palmer, Jake Robinson, Duncan Read, Keith Rowe, Kristjansson, Beth Perry and Stever Robbins for
Mike Shilton and Brit Warg (my Swedish translation being such wonderful cheerleaders and proving that
checker) and those on Twiter, Stackfow and LinkedIn collaboration doesn’t need to be face to face to work.
who answered my numerous and sometimes obscure Charmian Beedie, Richard Blackburn, Clare
questions with patience and enthusiasm. Holloway, Susannah Lear, Sian Parkhouse, Liz Webster
Elaine Cresswell, Henry Fenby-Taylor and Ian and everyone at RIBA Publishing for expertly and
Lanchbury for reviewing the initial proposal – your reassuringly geting this book from idea to
comments made an immense diference – and David publication.
Jarvis for reading the frst draf. My wonderful clients who allow me the privilege of
Annemarieke de Bruin, Michael Clinton, Anna working on their landscapes
Dekker, Catherine Eldred, Professor Paul Ekins, And my family – no, I won’t be selling the flm rights.

IX
 PREFACE

Given my background this book is writen from a

UK perspective but I hope that landscape architects in
every country will fnd relevance to their work. If your
country has solved any of the issues I raise, or in your
work you approach things from an entirely diferent
perspective, let me know. I want this book to inspire
discussion, for us to question the way we work and to
ultimately create even beter landscapes.
For some of the points I raise I don’t ofer solutions
– I‘ve included them as I want to highlight issues and
then allow you to draw your own conclusions.
My hope is that reading this book will allow you time
to think about your work – even if you disagree with
me on every point you will have taken time to consider
your work, why you do it and hopefully how you can
become an even beter landscape architect. If I achieve
just that, I will be happy.

Claire Thirlwall, Oxfordshire, 2019

X
 INTRODUCTION

Landscape architects work on the spaces between From Idea to Site explores working practice – can
buildings – it is likely that as many people engage with new technologies help us work more efectively, and
the work of landscape architects as that of architects, how can we show clients the full range of our skills?
yet the profession receives litle coverage in the media It is a guide rather than a reference book: it highlights
or the construction press, with a disparity in the values new ways of dealing with challenges in the profession,
assigned to architecture and landscape. hopefully helping landscape architects reach new
Whether due to a lack of understanding of the skills conclusions about their working practice, in turn
we ofer, or a lack of value placed on the results we can improving the quality of the design and management
achieve, some clients see the work of their landscape of external environments.
architect as a low priority. This book aims to counter The book uses lectures, podcasts, articles and books
this view, using case studies to illustrate the diversity as source material, as well as personal conversations and
and value of our work, such as how landscape design project experience. The events I have atended have been
can counter terrorist atacks, help sites adapt to climate the greatest source of inspiration, either from the speakers
change or move to a more sustainable, low-carbon style or in the post-event conversations, demonstrating the
of maintenance. It also looks at innovations that can value of taking time away from project work to look at
help improve the quality of the information we use to new ideas and make new discoveries.
make design decisions, such as cloud-point scans and For simplicity, the structure and terminology is
open data. based around projects working in the private sector
Rather than focus on the fnished landscape scheme, with multi-disciplinary teams, but the process is
with glossy photos that belie the work taken to achieve equally applicable to all landscape architecture projects,
the result, the book looks at the detail of the work including the public and charitable sectors.
required to take a landscape project from idea to site. I hope that you disagree with some of the points I
Using the RIBA Plan of Work as a framework, each make – I’d like this book to prompt discussion and to
work stage is explored from the perspective of the encourage us to question the way we work. There are
landscape architect, the client, the project team, the always improvements to be made and we should never
project and wider society. assume that we have all the answers.

XI
 Chapter One

DEFINE
 INTRODUCTION

Before a project begins, before any of the formal

works stages are considered or even before the frst
conversation with the potential client, decisions are
made that determine success. Some are outside the
control of the landscape architect, such as standards set
by legislation. However, many of the standards we work
to are up to us – our values, our skills and our aims for
the project. Identifying and defning these standards can
help us decide the projects we work on, the clients we
work with and the values we wish to uphold.
Some decisions or standards may be implicit, only
discussed if we are asked to work on a controversial
project. We might be certain that we would never work
on a project directly linked to an extreme political
party. But how far would we take that view – would we
work with their supporters? Would we choose suppliers
who donate to campaign funds? Would we have an
account with a bank that fnances them? Companies
might not be open about all their business practices,
so we need to decide what our own thresholds are, and
how much research we can realistically undertake.
Credit checks and other due diligence checks are part
of taking on a new client, but should we check their
conduct and allegiances?
This chapter explores some of the standards and
criteria we might work to and the guidance available Fig 1.1 Didcot Power Station the evening before demolition of
the three southern towers on 26 July 2014 – landscape architects
to help us make the best decisions from the outset of
work on large-scale projects that have a profound impact on the
a project. landscape; Frederick Gibberd for Central Electricity Generating
Board 1964
Fig 1.0 (Pages XII and 1) View from Beacon Hill Country Park
towards Ratcliffe-on-Sour Power Station, 2017, Woodhouse Eaves, Fig 1.2 Landscape study for Didcot Power Station (Didcot A); sketch
Leicestershire, UK plan by Frederick Gibberd 1964, Sutton Courtenay, Oxfordshire

2 CHAPTER ONE
 our beliefs, standards and ethics. In the longer term
PRIOR TO STAGE 0
working on projects that you don’t support is at the
STRATEGIC DEFINITION
very least unfulflling, meaning we lack enthusiasm,
motivation or creativity, or don’t treat the project as a
- Before a new project is instigated
priority. At worst it could be a risk to our reputation,
livelihood or even our health.2
STAGE 6 – HANDOVER AND CLOSE It may sound like an indulgence, far removed from
AND STAGE 7 – IN USE the immediate issues that we face with our projects.
However, knowing your own parameters – what you
- Use client feedback and lessons learnt from previous will and won’t accept – is an important step. At a most
projects to review standards and refine processes for
basic level it means that you won’t work on projects that
future projects
are odds with your own beliefs, a situation that rarely
Table 1.1 The elements of this workstage1 results in a successful project. As we progress through
our careers the type of landscape architect we are is
likely to evolve, and if our circumstances change we may
THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT have to review our approach entirely. Understanding the
type of landscape architect we are, and that we aspire to
What sort of be, is central to all elements of our work, and should be
landscape architect am I? considered at the outset of any project.
How ofen have you stopped and thought about Whilst writing this book I have asked other
what sort of landscape architect you are? Maybe landscape architects if there are projects they would
you’ve questioned your principles when faced with refuse to work on, or clients they would never consider.
a moral dilemma, such as a controversial project or a Some said they would work on any project, but when
challenging client, but how much time have you spent pushed it was clear they had limits that they had never
considering your approach to your work? considered. Others had specifc activities, such as
fracking or new housing, that they would not want to
Why does it matter? work on. Discussing personal views and how employers
Knowing our own standards and defning what sort of accommodate these has been fascinating.
landscape architect we are, and want to be, maters. It For sole practitioners the situation is perhaps
means we know what projects we are prepared to take simpler, as you only have your own opinion to consider,
on but also how we want to work and if there are areas but with greater potential consequence. In a large
in which we’d like to specialise. We might be able to practice the impact of declining the occasional project
work for short spells on projects that are at odds with on ethical grounds is likely to be minimal. However, for

DEFINE 3
 able to support your design decisions to your client and
outside parties. Running a public consultation event
or giving evidence at a public enquiry for a project
that you don’t fully agree with is an uncomfortable
experience. A project may be within the scope of our
code of conduct and have no ethical concerns, but still
not sit comfortably with our ideals. As a professionals
we don’t always deliver the project in the way that
we would have chosen, as our task is to carry out the
client’s wishes, which may not be the same as our
own. However, working on something that is very
far removed from our ideals is unlikely to lead to a
successful project outcome.
Fig 1.3 Great Western Park housing development – some
professionals choose not to work on new housing schemes on Defining our own standards
greenfield sites, various developers, 2019, Didcot, Oxfordshire
How can we develop our own personal set of standards,
and what guidance is available if we want to explore
a smaller practice where each job is a higher proportion this topic?
of income, turning down much-needed work can be a
difcult decision. Universal standards
It is a complex issue, and even a project that we are Each society has a set of standards that define what
happy with in principle may have elements that we are is acceptable conduct – serious standards are usually
uncomfortable with. Given the nature of our work and enforced by law, less serious ones determined by
the range of projects we can be involved in it would be social norms. Standards such as legislation define
a mistake to set hard and fast rules, as each situation the lowest acceptable standard – they define the
needs to be judged in context. Our codes of professional least that is expected of us. Standards defined by
conduct might give us some guidance, but these still social norms apply to business as well as personal
leave a great deal of latitude for a landscape architect to conduct and can differ from country to country, or
defne their own approach. even within different sectors of the same business,
Landscape architecture has so many facets that depending on context – compare the formality of a
there should be a rewarding option for most of those board meeting with an informal site visit.
who take up the profession. Working in a feld that you An interesting standard to explore is the United
enjoy means you are likely to come across as authentic, Nations Global Compact, created as part of the 2030

4 CHAPTER ONE
Agenda for Sustainable Development.3 The Compact, being less bad and to become truly regenerative’. The
supported by over 9,000 companies in 161 countries, standard is not intended as a mass-market certifcation
has 10 principles covering human rights, labour, – instead it aims to encourage innovation and advocacy
environment and anti-corruption. to set an example to the sector and show what is
possible. The standard can be applied to landscape and
Business standards infrastructure projects as well as buildings.4
We need to comply with the legal requirements of Sustainable SITES Initiative (SITES) – provides
running a business or organisation but there are other certifcation for projects with or without buildings,
factors that need to be considered, all of which can including national parks, streetscapes and homes.
impact on staf performance, fnancial viability, and The emphasis is on sustainable landscapes. Originally
the subsequent success of any project. These include set up in collaboration with the American Society of
payment terms, proft margin, fnancial risk, pay scales Landscape Architects (ASLA) the scheme is now run by
and employment terms, such as zero-hours contracts Green Building Certifcation Inc., which also manages
or unpaid overtime or internships. Less than desirable the LEED and WELL certifcation standards. Like LEED
standards are rife in construction, so it pays to be diligent. the standard has Certifed, Silver, Gold and Platinum
levels of certifcation.5
Construction sector standards
The construction sector has a number of recognised Personal standards
standards that can be applied to projects, including Our personal standards and beliefs set the tone of how
those worked on by landscape architects. Most we will work on a project from the outset. It is useful to
standards focus on the construction of buildings, with refect on the deep-seated atitudes that impact on our
the landscape element of the project playing a minimal work. Points to consider might include:
part in the criteria, but there are a few standards Working hours – Are we willing to work long hours
designed for landscape schemes, or that include a to complete the project? This decision may be outside
signifcant emphasis on our work. These include: our direct control, and we may be prepared to extend
Living Building Challenge – a standard for buildings, our working hours in exceptional circumstances but
infrastructure or landscape projects. Set up in 2006 are we (and should we) be prepared to work longer than
the standard includes ethical, community and our contracted hours to deliver our work? Research by
environmental elements. The Challenge, which sets the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health shows
ambitious aims, including the requirement to be net that long working hours can lead to increased risk of
positive in relation to water, energy and ecological cardiovascular disease, diabetes and increased risk
regeneration, is described as ‘a philosophy, certifcation of heavier alcohol use.6 Lack of sleep can impair our
and advocacy tool for projects to move beyond merely ability to read people’s emotions and make decisions.7

DEFINE 5
It also puts us at risk of accidents – in the UK driver Institute showed a gender imbalance in senior roles
fatigue was thought to be a contributory factor in with 20.4% of male respondents earning over £50,000
20% of all road accidents and up to 25% of all fatal and per year compared to 9.4% of female respondents.10
serious accidents. Tiredness is thought to have been
8
The reasons behind this disparity may be complex but
a contributing factor in the Challenger Space Shutle we need to consider the part discrimination plays in
disaster, the Chernobyl and Three Mile Island nuclear restricting the senior management opportunities for
incidents and the Exxon Valdez oil spill.9 Evidence female landscape architects.
suggests that longer working hours rarely result in Workplace culture – Landscape architecture practices
greater productivity and can lead to serious harm, might not follow the tech industry trend for quirky
particularly over a sustained period, but in many workplaces but as creative professionals the culture of
sectors long hours are seen as a commitment to our job our workplace can impact on our creativity. The main
and a mark of importance. Considering the personal factors in workplace creativity aren’t beanbags or table
cost of projects should be part of our review process football – these are more about making extreme working
– is the potential harm a valid price to pay? hours bearable by blurring the line between work and
Conduct – How do we expect our colleagues and our leisure.11 More important factors for our work are the
clients to behave? Are staf valued or are unreasonable level of autonomy given to solving problems, seting
demands made? Is bullying commonplace, or realistic and genuine deadlines, and accepting that
harassment accepted? Legislation may be in place that unsuccessful eforts are part of the creative process.
aims to tackle workplace harassment but it doesn't As well as our personal beliefs, how we perform at work
address workplace cultures that support bullying or is determined by our previous experiences, and the
prejudicial behaviour. judgements we have made based on those experiences.
Gender discrimination – Are we biased in how we Addressing and reviewing these personal judgements
recruit and promote staf? Again many countries have is outside the scope of this book, but some useful
legislation to prevent gender discrimination but the publications are listed in the Further Reading section at
issue persists. A 2017 survey by the UK Landscape the end of this book.

Fig 1.4 (Page 6) Sustainable SITES Initiative accredited landscape

scheme at the Perot Museum of Nature and Science – the project
was built on a brownfield site and the irrigation demands are met by
recapturing air conditioning condensation; landscape scheme
by Talley Associates 2013, Dallas, Texas

DEFINE 7
 DEMOLISHING GENDER INEQUALITY IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR

In December 2016 the Australian – of their gender and difference; Retention

Sex Discrimination Commissioner these reminders frustrate and - For women, it is important to
and University of New South exhaust women over time. There is a see other women in senior ranks
Wales released the findings of tolerance for sexism in construction and be placed with other women
their study into gender inequality – sexist comments, sexist graffiti, professionals on site.
in construction. The report, the asking women to do administrative - Stop rewarding and promoting
result of 2 years’ work including 61 work, and other practices that make excessive hours and ‘shaming’ those
interviews and work-shadowing 44 women feel they are intruding in a who don’t comply with excessive
construction professionals, showed male-dominated space. hours.
that both men and women fare - Progression – Undermining women’s - Introduce job sharing. Standardise
badly because of existing working capabilities: Men’s capabilities as work hours. Remove Saturday
practice. The construction industry is a construction professional are work. Monitor fatigue. Talk about it.
the most male-dominated sector in assumed; women’s capabilities are Enforce it.
Australia, with women representing frequently questioned, singled out - Demonstrate ‘no tolerance’ to
only 16% of the workforce and or discussed. Women need to better, sexism – sexist drawings, wording,
just 14% of professional and not equal men. Actions to address behaviour – in the workplace
managerial roles. The report found gender equality are viewed by men (including the site).
that initial enthusiasm for working in as providing women with an unfair - Endorse parental leave practices ‘on
construction professions decreases advantage. the ground’. Introduce the option for
with exposure to the workplace, The report recommended several staged return to work for parents.
resulting in women leaving the steps to help reduce inequality - Set up projects with gender diversity
sector 39% faster than men. Findings and to improve working practices in mind. Plan for flexibility, wellbeing
included the following points: in our sector: and parental leave.
- Recruitment – Male sponsorship: Recruitment Progression
Recruitment onto projects routinely - Make company and project - Make promotion processes and
operates through a practice of recruitment processes and criteria criteria more transparent.
male sponsorship and ‘picking your more transparent. - Change the narrative. Recognise,
team’. This undermines diversity of - Review the values that underpin recruit and celebrate agile and
talent and limits women’s access and ‘cultural fit’ to determine if they are diverse career pathways and career
opportunities in the industry. gendered and exclusionary. breaks.
- Retention – Exclusion: The - Initiate recruitment drives specific - Establish a formal sponsorship
exclusionary nature of the to women not from the traditional programme for women in low to
construction industry operates to pipeline and provide these recruits middle management.
remind women – subtlety and overtly with construction training.

8 CHAPTER ONE
THE FIRST FEMALE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

Fanny Rollo Wilkinson (1855–1951) is Society, an organisation founded to Fanny was an active member of the
credited as the first woman to train as bring beauty to the lives of the poor. women’s suffrage movement:
a landscape architect, graduating from Her projects included Vauxhall Park ‘I certainly do not let myself be
the Crystal Palace School of Landscape and Myatt’s Field in Hackney, London. underpaid as many women do. There
Gardening and Practical Horticulture In 1904 she became the first female are people who write to me because
in 1883. Fanny designed over 75 principal of Swanley Horticultural I am a woman, and think I will ask
public sites across London in her role College, the college from which less than a man. That I will never do.
as honorary landscape gardener to famous landscape architects Sylvia I know my profession and charge
the Metropolitan Public Gardens, Crowe and Brenda Colvin, the first accordingly, as all women should do.’
Boulevard and Playground Association female President of the UK Landscape
as well as her work with the Kyrle Institute, later graduated.

MENTAL HEALTH had more than double the risk of suicide than the
IN CONSTRUCTION male national average.12 13

There are some positive signs, with male suicide

The mental health statistics for the UK, and for the rates in the UK at their lowest level for 30 years.
construction sector in particular, are startling. Statistics However, a 2018 report by the Work Foundation
show that in the UK: cites diverse factors such as working in high-risk
- Men aged between 45 and 49 have the highest environments, low pay and job insecurity, working
suicide rate. away from home for extended periods, the ‘macho’
- Men are three times more likely to take their own image of construction, long commutes not allowing
lives than women. for adequate sleep or exercise, higher risk of engaging
Sector-specifc details reveal that: in risky health behaviours such as drug and alcohol
- The risk of suicide among low-skilled male abuse and a reluctance to engage with health services
labourers, particularly those working in as potential contributing factors. However, the report
construction roles, was almost three times higher concludes that the reasons for this increased suicide
than the male national average. risk are not fully understood.14
- For males working in skilled trades, the highest The report highlights several initiatives including
risk was among building finishing trades; the UK-based Mates in Mind. Established in 2016 and
particularly, plasterers, painters and decorators prompted by research, the campaigning organisation

DEFINE 9
 works to provide information for employers on support THE INTERNATIONAL
and guidance on mental health, mental illness and FEDERATION OF LANDSCAPE
mental wellbeing. The charity works in partnership ARCHITECTS
with existing organisations such as Mind, Samaritans
and Mental Health First Aid England. Founded in Cambridge in 1948 by UK
The main aims of the organisation are to: landscape architect Sir Geoffrey Jellicoe the

- raise awareness and understanding of mental health not-for-profit International Federation of

Landscape Architects (IFLA) represents 76
and mental ill-health
- help people to understand how, when and where to national associations, officially representing
25,000 landscape architects across the world.
get support
- the silence and stigma through promoting
break
The Federation was created in the same
era as the United Nations and the Universal
cultures of positive wellbeing throughout the industry. Declaration of Human Rights and was part
They run Mental Health First Aid training, the of a post-war movement that strived for a
www.matesinmind.org website with links and better future. Landscape architects were
resources, and social media campaigns including considered central to the rebuilding of war-
#GetConstructionTalking. damaged landscapes. The Federation works
The statistics throw up a wider issue: that working to promote the work of landscape architects
practices within our sector have serious and potentially as well as providing information for leaders
life-threatening implications. Low proft margins and on the role of landscape to meet challenges
tight timescales don’t just mean that employees and including water and food security, climate
change, migration, housing, conflict and the
sub-contractors are fnancially vulnerable, they also
depletion of resources.15
place a strain on the mental health of those with the
IFLA Europe has a Code of Ethics and
least say in their terms and conditions.
Professional Conduct that covers personal
If we are working with a group of people whose idea
attitudes, professional competencies,
of good behaviour is at odds with our own, making our professional relationships and the
working environment a challenging place to be, we are environment and is included in full in
unlikely to deliver our best work. the Appendix.16

10 CHAPTER ONE
Standards in landscape architecture investors, suppliers and the public, as well as ourselves.
In our work as landscape architects we have We need to consider users of sites, present and future.
responsibilities to a number of parties, in addition to With so many potential users it can be difcult to
our responsibility to our clients. We need to consider decide who is a priority, and there can be conficts
diverse issues such as the impact on the environment between diferent interests.
and the needs of those with an interest in our work. If Codes of conduct don’t ensure higher standards
implemented well our work could be in place for many of behaviour are always complied with, but they do
generations, so it is important that we aren’t pressured publicly set out the minimum standard that should
into actions that jeopardise the future potential for a site. be expected by a client from a professional. They also
help create a fairer environment when bidding for
International comparison work – if all landscape architects are bound by the
Standards for landscape architects may not translate same standards, such as undertaking the same level of
from region to region or country to country, and we continuing professional development (CPD) and not
should celebrate the diversity of approach, but there are allowing conficts of interests, there should be parity.
common elements that all landscape architects work to.
International
The content and scope of each code of conduct
CODE OF CONDUCT – OVERVIEW varies signifcantly from country to country, in part
depending on how recently they were writen but
As professionals we can assume we know what also on the professional priorities in that country. For
standards we work to. Our professional body may example:
require us to sign up to a code of conduct as a condition - The American Society of Landscape Architects has
of membership. These codes, such as the UK Code two sets of standards for members to adhere to – a
of Standards of Conduct and Practice for Landscape Code of Professional Ethics covering working practice
Professionals, set out specifc requirements such as and a separate Code of Environmental Ethics.18 19
fnancial conduct and professionalism. 17
- The Australian Institute of Landscape Architects
prohibits any payment of commission or other
UK code of conduct benefits outside of a professional fee.20
The UK Landscape Institute Code of Conduct ‘expects - Sveriges Arkitekter, the professional body for
members who are carrying out professional work architects, interior architects, landscape architects
to have regard to the interests of those who may be and spatial planners in Sweden, instructs members
reasonably expected to use or enjoy the products of to ‘be loyal to work colleagues, contribute to
their work’. This could include clients, employees, promoting an open and creative climate in the

DEFINE 11
 workplace and otherwise make a commitment to a Codes of conduct and legislation may be a basis
democratic approach’. 21
for professional standards but they are still only the
- The Institiúd Tírdhreacha na hÉireann, the Irish absolute minimum required of us, leaving scope for our
Landscape Institute, includes a clause stating that own interpretation of what professional values mean.
‘Members shall strive to accomplish the objectives Minimising company tax bills, paying low wages or using
of their work with the most efficient consumption zero-hours contracts are all legal but are seen by some as
of natural and manmade resources, including the unethical. Working as a professional requires us to defne
maximum achievable reductions in energy usage, our own set of standards, standards that will change and
waste and pollution.’22 adjust depending on context, and that are personal to us.

ETHICS IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

Some of the issues we can come across in our work are shown below:

Modern slavery/ Bribery and Unfair tender

Payment terms Toxic materials Funding sources
forced labour corruption practices

Accessibility Public/private
Diversity Working hours Profit margins Habitat species loss
and exclusion space

Offensive
Gated Misleading
Child labour Pay scales Human rights behaviour
communities marketing
in the workplace

Development Membership
Environmental Nurture young
Discrimination in protected of professional Fracking
responsibility talent v costs
landscapes bodies

Table 1.2 Issues to consider

12 CHAPTER ONE
THE CLIENT - communicates effectively, raising issues as they arise
and giving clear and timely decisions
The stage we are exploring doesn’t include a specifc - sets out and implements a clear line of instruction
client, but we can review the type of client we might and reporting, with clear roles for those linked to
work with, which is especially useful to consider when the project
targeting new areas of work. We might only work with - agrees contract terms, either with a formal contract
clients with fair payment terms, or who come to us by such as the Landscape Consultant’s Appointment,
personal recommendation. We might also set criteria or with bespoke terms tailored to that project. Not
based on a client’s standards and values, perhaps having an agreed method of dispute resolution, no-
declining clients whose poor reputation might afect our fault termination or even proof of appointment is a
own, or who openly support causes we don’t agree with. foolhardy way to run a project
- provides all information relevant to the site. In
What is a good client? the UK the client is legally required to divulge all
Le Corbusier said: ‘To accomplish good design you need information that relates to Health and Safety, such
a good client.’ Aside from the fundamental factors, such as site contamination.23
as signing a contract and paying invoices on time, there - pays on time – a profitable business can fail due to
are other traits typical of a good client. poor cashflow. Appropriate payment terms and a
Making any generalisation is never a good idea, but process for monitoring overdue payments can help,
typically a good landscape architecture client: but a client who always pays on time is the best
- values the skills of the professionals they appoint, insurance against poor cashflow. The March 2016
considering each profession to have an equal role Euler Hermes Quarterly Overdue Payments Report
and respecting expertise showed that construction companies registered
- recognises that paying for advice and expertise may more payment delays than any other sector, with a
increase design stages costs but reduces the risk of 26% year-on-year rise in 2015.24
changes or delays during construction
- understands that landscapes are dynamic – they Some clients, especially those with limited experience
change and develop over time, and they may look in the role, may need our help to become a good client.
their best hundreds of years after completion
- appreciates that landscape architecture is subject to
natural processes that can’t always be mitigated, such
as slow plant growth, low rainfall or plant disease
- contributes to the design process and isn’t afraid to
ask for the rationale behind design decisions

DEFINE 13
 CARILLION PAYMENT TERMS
IS 120 DAYS A FAIR STANDARD?

When the UK construction and services to pay suppliers within a maximum line of credit for Carillion, which it used
company Carillion collapsed on 15 number of days, and to avoid any systematically to shore up its fragile
January 2018, thousands of jobs practices that adversely affect the balance sheet, without a care for the
were put at risk and hundreds of supply chain.28
balance sheets of its suppliers.’30
millions of pounds of public contracts The scheme was a form of supply As the company faced collapse
left unfinished.25 In spring 2017 the chain financing, with banks covering Carillion considered a proposal to
company had been signed off as a the early payment for a fee. Though extend payment terms to 126 days
going concern by professional services entirely legal, and a practice endorsed as an untapped ‘cash generative
company KPMG but at the point of by the government at the time, the opportunity’.31
collapse the company held just £29 practice placed the risk with the In the months since the collapse
million in cash and at least £5 billion supplier, demonstrating the asymmetry of the company further issues
of debt. This imbalance had been of power that an unequal supply chain have become known. A report by
supported by extended payment relationship can support. The payment Oxfordshire County Council, a UK
terms for their supply chain of 30,000 was in reality an unsecured loan local authority whose remit includes
companies – in March 2013 the firm between the bank and the supplier, so schools and roads, revealed missing
had implemented an early payment when Carillion collapsed the banks health and safety manuals and
facility that required suppliers to went to the suppliers to recover the building control certification as well as
accept 120 day payment terms.26 With money.29 unresolved planning conditions and
some public-sector projects making According to the report by the UK unsatisfactory fire strategies.32 As a
a substantial part-payment up front, Government select committee tasked Construction News article 10 months
Carillion could use this new cash to with investigating the collapse: after the collapse commented:
pay existing debtors, but the process ‘Carillion relied on its suppliers to ‘The audit poses the question: would
relied on continuing to win new provide materials, services and support these issues ever have been discovered
contracts. across its contracts, but treated them if the council hadn’t been forced to
Payment terms set out in UK with contempt. Late payments, the look into the practices of one of its
government contracts are 30 days, but routine quibbling of invoices, and major service providers?
the complex early payment facility set extended delays across reporting How many other corners were cut
up by Carillion only allowed payment periods were company policy. Carillion that are only now being discovered,
in under 120 days if the supplier was a signatory of the Government’s with those responsible hoping the
accepted a sliding scale of charges Prompt Payment Code, but its standard problems would never see the light
depending on how early they wished payment terms were an extraordinary of day?
to be paid.27 Carillion was a signatory 120 days. Suppliers could be paid in It should not need things to go
to the Prompt Payment Code which 45 days, but had to take a cut for the tragically wrong in construction for
requires signatories to undertake privilege. This arrangement opened a these problems to be unearthed.’33

14
THE PROJECT dangerous by your government, perhaps to carry
out a humanitarian project? Work such as landscape
We probably have an instinctive response to projects, character or visual impact assessment can sometimes
knowing which potential projects would be too small require large amounts of driving, especially if the
to allow any proft, or too time-consuming to ft landscape has few roads, and the nature of our work
with our existing workload. As with other decisions ofen means that using public transport is not an
the extremes are easy to assess – it is the grey option. Location and time of year can mean a project
area between the extremes that is harder to make isn’t viable – limited hours of daylight and a remote
judgements about. location could mean that a job requires the extra cost
Working through some of the project parameters of an overnight stay, when in the summer it could be
and deciding a set of criteria against which to select completed in one day.
projects can help rule out unsuitable projects and Expertise – What are our areas of expertise? Do we
decide which areas of landscape architecture you have a specialism that we want to focus on, such as
want to focus on. habitat recreation or housing, or are there gaps in our
Some criteria to consider include: expertise we need to address? Are there types of project
Value – What is the lowest value scheme you will work we would always refer to another landscape architect?
on? Or the highest? High-value schemes are not always Reputation – How will this project infuence our
complex and high values shouldn’t be a deterrent even professional reputation? Might a certain type of
for smaller practices. However, higher contract values project deter some potential future clients due to
will require higher insurance. Understanding the costs the kind of project, or, conversely, does it ofer the
to set up a new project can help calculate a maximum opportunity to enhance our reputation, raise our
and minimum contract value. There can always be profle or improve our skills in a particular area?
exceptions, such as a small project for a community Workstage – What is the latest point we are prepared
group, but the decision to take on pro bono work must to join a project? Being called in to discharge planning
be based on a full understanding of the potential conditions allows limited scope to infuence a project,
implications. but it may be a chance to work with a new client in
Location – How much travel time is realistic for a the hope that they appoint at an earlier stage once
project? A project might be a great opportunity but if they understand the value of our work. I don’t feel
it involves excessive travel it could be hard to manage that landscape architects can be appointed too early
and impact adversely on your personal life. What are – being involved at a strategic stage means that visual
acceptable demands on staf? Will the location make impact, structure planting, access layouts and any
meeting start times unrealistic? Is the site safe for supporting infrastructure can all be considered before
staf to visit? Would you work in areas considered irreversible decisions have been made. The stages

DEFINE 15
 HOPE VALLEY CEMENT WORKS, DERBYSHIRE, UK

Deciding which projects to take on has to be balanced against the Peak constituency. It is interesting that he
can create moral dilemmas, especially national need for that resource – is referred to as a landscape artist:
when the site is in a protected post-war reconstruction created huge ‘The first example to which I want
landscape such as a national park. demands for building materials. to refer is the permission which he
In the 1940s landscape architect The works, then known as Earle’s granted after a public inquiry for a
Sir Geoffrey Jellicoe worked on Cement Works, were discussed in great extension of the existing cement
the Hope Valley Cement Works, a 1949 in the UK Parliament. Consent works in the Hope Valley. I appreciate
major industrial site in the heart of had been given for a large extension fully what can be said in favour of
the Peak District National Park and to the site, and the wider issue of what is there being done. I know
still in operation today. Working on mineral extraction and the role of the that Earle’s Cement Works have not
such a visually intrusive scheme in proposed national parks in the control been indifferent to considerations
such a sensitive landscape may seem of this process was discussed. Despite of amenity. Quite a long time ago
an unusual decision for a practice the objections to the visual and physical they engaged Mr. G. A. Jellicoe,
to take, but mineral resources are impacts of the Works Jellicoe’s role one of the most distinguished of our
often found in protected landscapes, was praised by Hugh Molson MP, then landscape artists, to see what could
meaning that the landscape impact Member of Parliament for the High be done to make reparation and to
cover up the scars which have been
inflicted upon the Hope Valley, and
the harm that has already been done
to the amenities by their industrial
development. I was very glad to open
an exhibition in the village of Hope
showing in a small plan the scheme
which had been prepared by Mr.
Jellicoe and which Earle’s Cement
Works had undertaken to put into
effect.’34

Fig 1.5 Landscape as existing plan –

extract from report ‘Hope Works Derbyshire
– A Progress Report on a Landscape
Plan’,1979; produced by Geoffrey Jellicoe
for Blue Circle Industries 1993, Castleton,
Peak District National Park, Derbyshire

16
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
 The Parking Lot Cemetery Karen Kruse Photos by the
Author 1. c ■"ucked away in a comer of a suburban strip mall
parking lot at Kirchoff and Plum Grove Roads in Rolling Meadows,
Illinois, is tiny Salem Cemetery, contains only 14 headstones. That's
right, these final resting places sit behind the Jiffy Lube, with the 7-
11 and Pittsburg Paint stores only steps away. The cemetery land,
raised a couple of feet higher than the level of the parking area, is
easy to access. Interestingly, no fence surrounds this sacred spot.
The cemetery occupies a small corner, approximately 40 by 100 feet,
of this busy suburban intersection. Rolling Meadow Springfield Salem
Cemetery, Rolling Meadows, Illinois. The entire Salem Cemetery.
Notice the strip mall in the background. Plum Grove Rd. is on the
west side (to the left in photo), with Kirchoff on the south (behind
photographer). Salem Cemetery was originally part of Salem
Evangelical Church, built on land donated by Frederick Thies about
1862. The Thies family was instrumental in establishing the small
cemetery, located next to the church, which held its services in
German. In the 1890s, a lightning strike burned down the church,
but a new one was built on the same spot. The Salem Church
separated in 1912 and established a new church location in the
Village of Palatine at Plum Grove Road and Lincoln Street, enabling it
to better serve its aging population. The old church foundation and
basement at this location were filled in. Sophia Nordmeier, daughter
of Frederick Thies (owner of the original farm property) and widow
of William Nordmeier, sold the cemetery to Salem Evangelical Church
for $5.00. At one time, on the Thies farmland to the south across
Kirchoff Road, there were more tombstones surrounded by a fence,
but there is no record of what happened to them or the bodies
beneath. This land subdivided in 1926, then Kirchoff was widened.
Today, a Citgo gas station sits on that corner. Frederick Thies
monument. Members of the Thies family. Descendents of Frederick
Thies, the original landowner. AGS QUARTERLY / VOL. 32, NO. 4 /
FALL 2008
 Sophia Nordmeier, daughter of property owner Frederick
Thies, sold the cemetery to Salem Evangelical Church for $5. The
original congregation disbanded in 1955 and the church building in
Palatine was sold to the Lutheran church. At that time the cemetery
went to the Illinois Conference of the Evangelical United Brethren
Church. The strip mall shopping area sprang up around it in 1970. In
1974, Palatine Township received custody of the obscure cemetery
and continues to maintain it. In 1977, the cemetery was annexed to
the city of Rolling Meadows, and the living relatives of those buried
there retain individual plot ownership. Members of the inter-related
Thies, Nordmeier and Weseman families are buried in Salem. Earl
Weseman, whose parents, Ernst and Ida are interred on the
grounds, maintained the cemetery for many years, having grown up
on the farm across the street. Eventually he was hired by the
township as a caretaker, but Earl accepted only gas money for his
efforts until he passed away in 1982. I did not find a tombstone for
him, only his parents. Approach from the parking lot side on the
north of the cemetery. There is a pronounced rise into the cemetery.
Plum Grove Road, is to the west, on the right-hand side.
RMSTWESElVlAK S MA.V2-, ISBQ 1 Kj Al=R. 11, ISlQ I ■•
 The Association for Gravestone Studies XXXII National
Conference and Meeting June 23 - 28, 2009 Union College College
Park Hall 470 Nott Street Schenectady, New York Our 2009
Conference Logo the Veeder monument. Vale Cemetery,
Schenectady, NY Please read the following instructions carefully. All
attendees must pre-register. Registradons must be received no later
than June 5, 2009. Registrations received after that date will not be
able to stay in College Park Hall but may still register for workshops
and participation sessions until June 12, 2009. After June 12,
registrations for workshops will be accepted on an availability basis.
A list of local hotels will be available for those who wish to stay off
campus. General instrucdons: Attendees may register for the full
conference, Tuesday 3 PM through Sunday 10 AM, or per day, with
or without a dorm room. The full conference includes
accommodation, all meals, choice of workshops and participation
sessions and choice of a bus tour. Those who register per day may
choose the days they wish to attend. Those who register for the
Saturday bus tours only will pay a higher price to include the Forbes
Award Banquet. If you want to order a conference logo tee shirt,
ladies or men's, tote bag or cap, please include that amount with
your payment. The order form is on the last page of the registradon
form. You will receive a confirmation by mail once your registration
is processed. If you want to reserve a Sales or Exhibit table, please
complete the information on the last page. Please mail the
completed form with full payment to: Association for Gravestone
Studies 278 Main Street, Suite 207 Greenfield, MA 01301 Please
direct all questions regarding the conference to: Marianne
Greenfield, Conference Chair (607) 746-6337, marianne. graveart @
gmail.com Beth Santore, Conference Registrar (614) 949-6027,
graveaddiction @ gmail.com Please do not contact the AGS office
regarding conference information. 10 AGS QUARTERLY / VOL. 32,
NO. 4 / FALL 2008
 Name Registration Information: Name on name tag Mailing
Address street Home Phone City State Zip Cell Phone Work Phone
Emergency contact name . day phone night phone Arrival Day and
Time . AGS member? 1st AGS conference? Do you have a
contribution for the Silent Auction? Do you have any dietary needs?
Item: Do you plan to share a room/with whom? The room rate is the
same price for single and double occupancy rooms. All rooms are on
the same floor. There are two elevators for guest use. The dorm
rooms are a short walk from the classrooms. All activities, except the
bus tours and workshops, are under the same roof. The registration
desk, cafeteria, lecture rooms and banquet room are on the first
floor. The dorm rooms, classrooms, Sales and Silent Auction Room
are on the second floor. There is ample parking near the front
entrance. Airport Transport: The Albany International Airport
Capitoland Taxi stand is located just outside the baggage claim area.
Capitoland Taxi offers late model, clean, full size Ford Crown
Victorias with uniformed drivers. All Capitoland Taxis will be
equipped with meters to provide travelers with a fair and accurate
account of their ride. Capitoland also offers wheelchair cab service
from the airport. Departing taxis leave the airport from the
designated taxi lane. Capitoland Taxi Airport Dispatch: 5 1 8-242-
4222. Airport to Union College $30. Conference Fees The registration
desk will open and room check-in will begin at 3 PM on Tuesday,
June 23, 2009. Check-in before that time is not possible. The
registration desk will be open daily from 8 AM until 7 PM. The
registration desk will close at 5 PM Saturday, June 27. The full
conference includes: Rooms: Single or Double dorm room with
private bathroom and heat/AC control. Because each room has a
private bathroom, couples can share a room. All dorm rooms are on
the same floor. Meals: Breakfast, lunch and supper in the cafeteria
beginning with supper on Tuesday, June 23 and ending with
breakfast on Sunday, June 28. A box lunch is provided for the bus
tour. Receptions and Banquet: Welcome Reception on Wednesday,
June 24, 5 - 5:30 PM - cash bar with beer, wine and soda, crackers
and cheese. Oakley Award Reception - Saturday, June 27, 5-5:30 PM
- cash bar with beer, wine and soda, crackers and cheese. Forbes
Award Banquet - 5:30 - 7 PM Saturday, June 27 - buffet dinner with
choice of chicken or pasta entree, fresh seasonal vegetables, garden
salad, roasted potatoes, rolls and butter, dessert, and beverage.
Activities: all lectures and the keynote speaker. Chuck D'Imperio;
choice of participation sessions and workshops; choice of Saturday
bus tour; Late Night with Johnny O. AGS QUARTERLY / VOL. 32, NO.
4 / FALL 2008 11
 Full Conference Fees: Tuesday supper through Sunday
breakfast, per person, registration received: before May 18, 2009:
Members - $525 Non Members - $575 after May 18, before June 5,
2009: Members - $550 Non Members - $600 Registrations received
after June 5 may sign up for daily activities but will have to make
sleeping arrangements off campus. No registrations for dorm
accommodation will be accepted if received after June 5, 2009.
Please consider an AGS membership now - it will reduce your
conference cost. Student (w/student ID) ($20) Senior ($40)
Individual ($50) Family ($60) Institution ($100) Partial Conference
fees - Per Day: I. Dorm room, meals, daily activities/bus tour, per
person, per day: if received by May 1, 2009: Members - $115, add
$30 for Forbes Award Banquet Saturday Non Members - $125, add
$30 for Forbes Award Banquet Saturday if received after May 1 and
before June 5, 2009 Members - $140, add $30 for Forbes Award
Banquet on Saturday Non Members - $150, add $30 for Forbes
Award Banquet on Saturday Partial conference registration forms
which include overnight accommodation must be received no later
than June 5, 2009. II. No dorm room. Meals and daily activities, per
person, per day: If received by May 1, 2009: Members - $75, add
$30 for Forbes Award Banquet on Saturday Non Members - $90, add
$30 for Forbes Award Banquet on Saturday If received after May 1
and before June 5, 2009: Members - $85, add $30 for Forbes Award
Banquet on Saturday Non Members - $95, add $30 for Forbes Award
Banquet on Saturday Workshops - please indicate your choices: 1 .
Conservation - Jon Appell, Conference Conservation Chair A.
Advanced - Vale Cemetery - 2 all day sessions 1. Thursday, June 25 -
9 AM- 3 PM 2. Friday, June 26 - 9 AM - 3 PM B. Basic - Vale
Cemetery - 2 half day sessions 1. Thurs., June 25 - 9 AM - 12 Noon
2. Thurs., June 25 - 1:15 PM - 4 PM C. Basic - Albany Rural
Cemetery max 15 people - one all day session 1. Friday, June 26 - 9
AM - 3 PM 2. Photography - 2 half day sessions A. Digital
Photography & Computer Follow Up Frank Calidonna, Leader 1 .
Thurs., June 25-9 AM - 12 Noon (in cemetery), and 1:30-2:30
(classroom) B. Point & Shoot Photography - Jeff Richman, Leader 1.
Friday, June 26 - 9 AM - 12 Noon 3. Stone Can>ing - 2 half day
sessions - tools provided, bring own safety glasses A. Basic carving -
Karin Sprague, Leader - max. 10 people 1. Thurs., June 25 - 9 AM -
12 Noon 2. Thurs., June 25 - 1:15 PM - 4 PM 4. Foil Impressions - 2
half day sessions A. Basic - Beth Santore, Leader - will use cast
forms max. 15 people 1. Thurs., June 25 - 9 AM - 12 Noon B.
Advanced - Judi Trainor, Leader - max. 10 people Class will use
healthy gravestones. Participants must have completed the basic
workshop before taking the advanced class. 1. Thursday, June 25 -
1:15 - 4 PM 5. Stone Rubbing - 2 half day sessions A. Basic - Sabrina
Selfridge, Leader - max. 15 people 1. Friday, June 26 - 9 AM - 12
Noon 12 AGS QUARTERLY / VOL. 32, NO. 4 / FALL 2008
 Workshops, continued from page 12 7. Car Pool tour to a
Jewish cemetery, Joshua Segal, Tour Guide Stone Rubbing B.
Advanced - Sabrina Selfridge, Leader - max. 15 people "^^''^ "o^
able to visit a Jewish cemetery on the Sabbath, so Rabbi Segal will
lead this tour on Friday afternoon: Participants must complete the
basic workshop before signing up for the advanced. 1-15-4 PM 1.
Friday, June 26- 1:15 -4 PM ' ' Bus Tours - Saturday, June 27 -
choose one of the three tours. Each tour has a different level of
activity. 1.) "A" Tour - 8:45 AM - 3:30 PM 9:15 AM - 11:30 AM - Saint
Agnes Cemetery - Molly Nichol, Tour Guide Molly will lead a 2 hour
walking tour of St. Agnes, a Catholic Cemetery. The bus will leave at
1 1 :45 AM for a 2 minute drive (5 minute walk) to the pond at
Albany Rural Cemetery. We can eat on the bus or on the grass. 1 PM
- 3 PM - Albany Rural Cemetery - choose one a. 2 hour walking tour
of Albany Rural - Peter Hess, Tour Guide b. 2 hour hiking tour
through the glacial ravines, with burials - Bill Bruce, Tour Guide 2.)
"O" Tour - 8:45 AM - 3:30 PM 9:15 AM - 12 Noon - Oakwood
Cemetery - Tour Guide to be announced. The Chapel and Crematory
will be viewed first, then a one and a half hour walking tour through
the cemetery. 11:45 AM - the bus will leave for the Knickerbacher
Mansion restoration project in Schaghticoke, NY. We can eat lunch
on the bus or under a tent with picnic tables. During lunch Joe
Ferrannini, President of the Knickerbacher Mansion Historical Society,
will lead small groups through the mansion. 1:30 PM - the bus will
leave for Elmwood Cemetery. We'll have one and a half hours to
walk through the cemetery with quite a few tall white bronze
monuments with portraits done in relief. 3.) "V" Tour - 8:45 AM - 3
PM 9:30 AM - tour will take the Union College 24 passenger van to
meet tour guide, Peter Hess, at the Chapel at Albany Rural
Cemetery, public restrooms available. The tour will board the Albany
AquaDucks Trolley for a 2 hour riding tour through the cemetery
known as the "Hudson 400". The tour will return on the college van
to have box lunches at Union College. 1:15 PM - After lunch the
Union College van will take the group to the Mabee Farm Museum
and Cemetery for a one and a half hour self guided tour. Buses for
all tours will leave at 3 PM to return to Union College. AGS
QUARTERLY / VOL. 32, NO. 4 / FALL 2008 13
 Tee shirts, tote bags, caps All conference logo items will be
black with turquoise design. Tee shirts: Small @ $15 = $ Men's or
Ladies Medium @ $15 = $ Men's or Ladies Men's or Ladies Men's or
Ladies Men's only .Large @ $15 = $_ _X Large @ $15 = $_ _XX
Large @ $20 = $_ _3X Large @ $25 = $ _4X Large @ $25 = $ .6X
Large @ $ 25 = $_ _Men's only _Mens' only Mens' only Tote bags:
tote bag @ $15 = Caps: one size fits most cap @ $15 = Sales and
Exhibit Tables Sales tables @ $15 each = $ Exhibit tables @ $10
each = $_ Silent Auction and Sales will be in the same room. The
room will be open at specific hours and locked when closed. Full
conference: $. Partial conference: Wednesday w/dorm room $_
Thursday w/dorm room $_ Friday w/dorm room $_ Saturday w/dorm
room $_ TOTALS _ people = $ w/o dorm room $_ w/o dorm room
$_ w/o dorm room $_ w/o dorm room $ Additional $30 for Forbes
Award Banquet, per person $ Partial conference total: $ x people =
$_ Membership Level $ Tee shirt, tote bag and cap totals: Sales and
exhibit table totals: $_ $_ New Renewal TOTAL $ Please make
checks payable to the Association for Gravestone Studies in U.S.
Dollars. The AGS office will remove the credit card information from
this registration form for your protection. Credit card type number
exp. date name on card signature billing address. Street Citv State
Zip 14 AGS QUARTERLY / VOL. 32, NO. 4 / FALL 2008
 Old Tombstone Tells a Sad Story of a Murder Elijah Sikes
Carved Gravestones in Trumbull County, Ohio Marjorie Waterfield
Photos by the Author irlimbull County i \ * Columbus ^/ Francis
Maria Buel's Original Tombstone. Walking through a quaint old
cemetery in Trumbull County, Ohio, one would not expect to find
details of a tragic murder case, especially not one which happened
in 1832. But there it was. The tombstone had been carved by my
4th great grandfather, Elijah Sikes. He was a well-known carver from
New England before migrating to Ohio in 1823. There was the
theater curtain, the willow tree, the rosette and the urn. IN MEMORY
OF The young beautiful & innocent Frances Maria Buel who was
butchered by her stepfather Ira W. Gardner August 8, 1832 In the 16
year of her age. [In smaller script] Death chilled this fair fountain
'ere sorrow had stained it. Twas frozen in all the pure light of its
course. But she sleeps 'till the sunshine of heaven unchained. To
water that Eden where first was its source. When rising again with
bright seraphs attended May she join the blest throng Forever on
high. When the vile thieves and murders must be excluded And
where pleasure abounds unmixed with a sigh. The gravestone has
insured this story has not been forgotten. This is not the original
tombstone carved by Sikes. Because of the delicate and
deteriorating condition of the 176 year old stone, and the fact it had
been broken by vandals some years ago, the county has moved the
original stone into the Gustavus Township Town Hall for safe
keeping. It is on display with other memorabilia of the early
township. The Trustees had a duplicate stone made and set in the
cemetery. The case was sad. The beautiful young girl was stabbed
with a butcher knife on August 8, 1832 by her own stepfather after
resisting his advances. The murderer, found guilty by a Supreme
Court jury, became the first and only person ever hung in Trumbull
County, Ohio. The hanging took place November 1, 1833, in the
Warren, Ohio, public square. It was operatic; bands played music
and thousands of folks gathered for sightings of the event. Gardner
himself even sang the hymn, "Oh, Pity Lord. Oh, Lord Forgive" to the
crowd! What happened to Gardner's body after the hanging? He was
taken to an unknown location and buried to avoid mutilation of his
corpse. There was no beautifully carved stone with poetry
immortalizing him. The remaining family eventually disappeared
from the area. However, before they moved, the young girl's family
ervlisted the talents of the only artistic gravestone carver in the area
at that time, Elijah Sikes, to revere the memory of poor Frances
Maria Buel. His carving has done that for almost two centuries. The
cemetery is located on Gardner Barkley Road, Township Road 284, in
Gustavus Township, Trumbull County, Ohio. The Township Hall
displaying the original stone is nearby. Of the other beautifully
carved tombstones by Sikes in Trumbull County's older cemeteries,
this is the only one which tells of a sad murder 176 years ago.
Reproduction of original stone. AGS QUARTERLY / VOL. 32, NO. 4 /
FALL 2008 15
 AGS ANNUAL MEETING AND CONFERENCE 2008 Amherst,
Massachusetts Ti c ■"he 31st Annual Meeting and Conference of the
Association for Gravestone Studies was held at Hampshire College in
Annherst, Massachusetts, June 17-22, 2008. CoChairs BOB
DRINKWATER and FRED OAKLEY coordinated an excellent program
featuring a pre-conference tour, hands-on workshops, participation
sessions, Friday bus tours, lectures, the Forbes Award Banquet and
the Armual Meeting. Wednesday 2008 Conference Logo: detail from
headstone of Jonathan Ingram, West Cemetery, Amherst Photo by
Beth Santore The Foil Impressions and Rubbing Workshop were held
in the Old Hadley Cemetery JUDI TRAINOR and BETH SANTORE
were the instructors for the Foil Impressions workshop, and
SABRINA SELFRIDGE with the assistance of her daughter, TIFFANY
SELFRIDGE, and ROBERTA HALPORN were leaders of the Rubbing
Workshop. Friday The tltree motor coach tours were: Early-bird
conferees boarded the pre-conference bus to visit burying grounds
in Deerfield, Northfield and Bernardston and the Memorial Hall
Museum and Historic Deerfield. The tour guides were CLAIRE
CARLSON, MARIE FERRE and BOB DRINKWATER. Wednesday
evening, participants in the Conservation Workshop attended an
orientation session led by JON APPELL, C.R. JONES and FRED
OAKLEY. Thursday On Thursday, conferees had the opportunity to
participate in hands-on workshops on conservation, foil impressions,
rubbing and photography. The Gravestone Conservation Workshop
was held in South Amherst Cemetery, chaired by JONATHAN APPELL.
Small work groups were led by C.R. JONES, CHARLIE MARCHANT,
BOB POSSON, KAI NALENZ, FRED OAKLEY, HOWARD WELLMAN and
FRANCIS MILLER. The Photography Workshop was held in Amherst's
Wildwood Cemetery, was led by FRANK CALIDONNA. The East Side
Tour, led by CHARLIE MARCHANT, included Old Hadley Cemetery in
Hadley, Massachusetts, where our tour guide was SANDY PEROT;
Evergreen Cemetery and the Old South Hadley Burial Ground in
South Hadley, Massachusetts, with the aid of a self-guided tour. At
Springfield Cemetery in Springfield, Massachusetts, our tour was
ably led by AL and BETSY MCKEE. The West Side Tour, led by BOB
DRINKWATER, visited two cemeteries in Northampton,
Massachusetts: Bridge Street Cemetery, with BOB DRINKWATER as
guide, and St. Mary's Cemetery, where our tour guide was CYNTHIA
TOOLIN. We visited Park Street Cemetery, in West Springfield,
Massachusetts and Elmwood Cemetery in Holyoke, Massachusetts.
Our guide for both of these was RUSTY CLARK. BRENDA MALLOY led
the Quabbin Tour of cemeteries in New Salem, Petersham and
Templeton Massachusetts and the Quabbin Park Cemetery in
Belchertown, Massachusetts. TA MARA CONDE was our guide in New
Salem. Foil Impressions and Rubbing Workshops Old Hadley
Cemetery Photos by Beth Santore 16 AGS QUARTERLY / VOL. 32,
NO. 4 / FALL 2008
 Albany Road Cemetery, Deerfield Photo by Beth Santore
Saturday On Saturday conferees attended Participation Sessions, the
Oakley Award Reception, the Forbes Award Banquet and Annual
Meeting, followed by lectures. Sunday Sunday featured three more
lectures and lunch. Lectures Thursday, Friday, Saturday evenings
and Sunday morning, the following people spoke, listed in
alphabetical order with their topics. ERNEST ABEL — The Life and
Death of a Cemetery (Beth El, the first Jewish cemetery in
Michigan). Abel discussed the history of the first Jewish cemetery in
Michigan, Beth El, from the founding of the Jewish cormnunity in
Detroit and its transition from orthodox to reform Judaism and how
that transition was reflected in its cemetery. Various stones were
shown that reflect the reform attitude to markers. Information on
the stones can be used to track the growth and decline of
cemeteries in any community. RUSTY CLARK — The Gravestones of
West Springfield's John Ely. This paper examined the work of John
Ely of West Springfield (d. 1815). He carved stones for forty years
and his work shows an interesting evolution. His son "John the
Spendthrift" also carved stones until his untimely death. BOB
DRINKWATER — A Pioneer Valley Gravestone Primer. The Pioneer
Valley consists of Hampshire, Franklin and Hampden Counties. The
Connecticut River bisects these three Massachusetts counties.
European colonization began in the 1630s. By the early 1700s, a
string of settlements extended northward along Conservation
Workshop Photo by Bob Posson Amherst Mural and Emily Dickinson's
gravestone. West Cemetery Photos by Bruce Elliott the river from
Springfield to Northfield. Subsequently, colonists moved into the
uplands east and west of the valley. Within the Connecticut River
valley, from Northampton south to Long Island Sound, sandstone
was used for gravestones from early colonial times, well into the
nineteenth century. North of Northampton, after 1770, gravestones
were cut from local slate, and in the hills to the east and west local
gneiss and schist were used. West of the valley, in Berkshire County,
most of the early stones were cut from local marble. Throughout the
region, as in other areas of the northeastern United States, marble
gradually gained preference over local materials in the first half of
the nineteenth century. During the same period, neoclassical forms
and imagery succeeded the folk and baroque-derived forms and
imagery prevalent during the previous century. BRUCE ELLIOTT —
Domestic or Imported? Gravestones of Prince Edward Island. Prince
Edward Island failed to develop a local carving tradition because its
market was penetrated early by Pictou, Nova Scotia's sandstone
quarries and stonecutters. Ironically, it was fashionable metropolitan
taste associated with imported white marble that eventually broke
the Pictou monopoly and provided opportunities for entrepreneurs to
establish marble works on the island. JIM FREEMAN — Garibaldi,
Mussolini and an Ambiguous Monument In Rome. In 1941, the
fascist dictator Benito Mussolini opened a AGS QUARTERLY / VOL.
32, NO. 4 / FALL 2008 17
 Top Right photos: Old Hadley Cemetery Photos by Sandy
Perot Left Top: Evergreen Cemetery, South Hadley Left Bottom:
Springfield Cemetery Photos by Bob Posson beautiful monument to
the memory of Guiseppe Garibaldi and the heroes who died
defending Rome during the French siege of 1849. Placed on the
Janiculum Hill, south of the Vatican, the open-sided white marble
ossuary communicates two opposing messages. Guided by
democratic ideals that claimed citizens should be free to choose their
own leaders and their own religion. Garibaldi and his
mf/Ze/thousand patriots entered Rome, held open elections, and
chased away the Pope. Garibaldi's cannpaign to transform Italy into
a united, secular, and free country roused the anger of despots
throughout Europe. A French army invaded in the spring of 1849,
determined to restore privilege to the Vatican and to foreign
autocrats. Amazingly, the freedom fighters withstood the
professional army through June. Many died, but their sacrifices made
possible the emergence of a single, egalitarian nation a decade later.
With supreme cynicism, Mussolini, who enjoyed cordial relations with
the Vatican and with military elites, attempted to kidnap the glamor
of this battle. By erecting the stunning ossuary, he implied that he
incarnated the vigor of Garibaldi. The monument provides a
significant parallel to Mussolini's clouded, antihistorical vision by
mixing features of Augustan, Victorian and fascist architecture.
LAUREL K. GABEL — Myths, Misinformation, and Alternative Truths.
What do Mother Goose, prostitutes. Civil War memorials and pirates
have in common? They represent some of the more popular myths,
misinformation and alternative truths associated with gravemarkers
and cemeteries. H.L. Mencken said it best: "For every complex
problem, there is a solution that is simple, neat, and — wrong." This
presentation separated some of what's true, what's false, and what
remains unknown. JOY GIGUERE — "'The Dead Shall he Raised'"
The Egyptianization of The Rural Cemetery Movement. Beginning
with the establishment of Mount Auburn Cemetery in 1831 in
Cambridge, Massachusetts, the rural cemetery movement in the
United States served to modernize American burial and
commemorative practices, as well as reflect a new era of aesthetics
marked by heightened romantic sensibilities. This paper examined
why the Egyptian Revival, specifically as it appeared in the rural
cemetery landscape, was indicative of the modern industrial values
and desires of middle- and upper-class Americans. Rather than
merely reflecting an interest in past societies, architectural revivalism
indicated an effort made by nineteenth century Americans to
emulate the achievements of ancient civilization. KARA MORROW —
Continuity and Change: African Traditions in the Gulf Coast's Most
Threatened Communities. While memorial gardens have often
homogenized the modern urban landscape into a great American
soup, the industry, creativity, and cultural standards of
AfricanAmerican populations are often demonstrated in out-ofthe-
way corners of the deep South. Africanisms and distinctly African
aesthetics have been identified or commented on by many scholars
and are rarely omitted from books and articles. Handmade
gravestones, personal items associated with the dead, shells, clocks,
tile-work and an aesthetic appreciation of accumulation, once so
popular in folk cemeteries, are still richly executed in urban
cemeteries and rural church yards. Springfield Cemetery Photo by
Bob Posson 18 AGS QUARTERLY / VOL. 32, NO. 4 / FALL 2008
 Following field research begun in 2002 into the visual
culture of folk cemeteries of New Orleans and the Gulf Coast before
the devastation of Hurricane Katrina, Morrow found that the upkeep
of older graves and the continued internment of loved ones in these
historic cemeteries created the opportunity for living folk artists,
visitors, and historians to visually recollect cultural values and
document historical consciousness. This paper documented the
visual culture in these cemeteries and explored the changes and
continuities observable after the exodus of many of their patrons.
SANDY PEROT — Henry Geyer's Sharpest Tool: Boston Stonecutters
and Newspaper Advertising 1740-1800. On May 5, 1768 the Boston
News-Letter contained twenty notices advertising various goods and
services. Henry Christian Geyer, who sold gravestones and
architectural stonework, knew that a successful business required
him to provide quality work in a timely manner. He was born c. 1727
and worked in the Boston area from 1759-1785. This paper
considered the published words of Geyer as they relate to the
gravestones he produced and sold. His use of adverhsing sheds new
light on the consumer nature of gravestones. LYNN RAINVILLE —
Burial Practices Among Enslaved Individuals in Central Virginia.
Rainville discussed antebellum burial practices in enslaved
communities. Before the Civil War, enslaved African- Americans had
little choice about the location of their burial grounds but they did
exercise control over their gravestone carvings and floral and
arboreal plantings. These mortuary landscapes provide a window
into past family networks, gender relations and religious beliefs. A
second thenne of the talk was how to create on-line databases that
can be used by descendent communities and scholars. Two of the
sites Lynn has created are
www.virginia.edu/woodson/projects/aacaac and http: /
/douglass.vedh. Virginia. edu/jfbell. The Jacob Womer
gravejjj^^^lBfh^' }^SSSSM post, the work of Joseph mHII^H
Nash, a local stonecutter. j^^^^^H It is thought to have been
^^^SaLt:^d| ^^^^H used to mark a burial ^^^^^H until a more
substantial '^^ssinHB—i^ ggim^^g stone might be purchased.
3^^H^r^ 1^^ J9 Old Hadley Cemetery. Photo by Sandy Perot
i^J^M^] |pN ..j/^'^} WENDY J. REARDON — The Tombs of the
Popes: They Don't Make Them Like They Used to... or Do They?
Reardon discussed the evolution of the papal tomb, from the simple
tombs of the earliest popes to the three-tiered tombs of the middle
ages, to the gaudy Baroque, and back to the simple tombs of the
last several popes. She also examined the relationship between the
papal tomb (planned by the popes themselves) and the current
status of the papacy at the particular time, i.e. the rise in power of
the papacy in relation to the size of the tomb. JOSHUA SEGAL — The
Use of Yiddish on Jewish Tombstones. As Jews traveled throughout
the world, they became loyal citizens of the countries where they
settled, while retaining a language that could best be described as
an admixture of Hebrew with the local language. The best known of
these language mixtures are Judeo-Spanish, known as Ladino or
Espafiol; and Judeo-German, better known as Yiddish. Segal
examined the use of Yiddish in a "folksy" or plaintiff context, usually
with other languages, as it appears on less than one percent of all
Jewish gravestones. Keynote Address ALAN C. SWEDLUND, Professor
Emeritus, University of Massachusetts — "The Finest in the County!"
Memorializing Death in Nineteenth Century Massachusetts.
Photography Workshop Photo by Beth Santore Park Street Cemetery,
West Springfield Photo by Nancy Adgent Springfield Cemetery Photo
by Bob Possoti AGS QUARTERLY / VOL. 32, NO. 4 / FALL 2008 19
 M Old Hadley Cemetery - The image realized. One doesn't
often see a photograph of a gravestone become the gravestone.
Photo by Bruce Elliott Using a life-course approach to look at death
in different stages of the life cycle, Swedlund discussed the most
common causes of death to children, adults and the elderly.
Examples from childhood were illustrated by corresponding
gravestones, followed by observations on the value of children and
the range of expression that parents, friends and family
demonstrated during the nineteenth century. ANNE-MARIE
WHITAKER — Australia s 1798 Irish Memorial. In 1898, a group of
Irish people in Sydney conceived a plan to build a monument to
Ireland's rebellion of 1798. The result was an elaborate construction
of white marble surmounted by a carved high cross rising thirty feet
above a huge base. The memorial has six bronze plaques depicting
scenes of the rebellion and its heroes, mosaics of harps, shamrocks,
and round towers, sculptures of Irish wolfhounds, and elaborate
designs from the Book of Kells. The names of prominent figures from
the 1798 uprising are included, and later the names of leaders of the
1916 Easter Rebellion were added. In 1994, a plaque was installed
listing ten hunger strikers who died in the HBlocks of Long Kesh in
1981. The memorial is on a picturesque site overlooking the Pacific
Ocean in Sydney's Waverly Cemetery. It is also a genuine grave for
the 'Wicklow Chieftain' Michael Dwyer and his wife Mary. Whitaker
outlined the historical reasons for the project, described the
memorial, and discussed the restorations, embellishments and
commemorations which have continued for over 100 years since its
completion. Saturday Participation Sessions Our Participation
Sessions were coordinated by Frank Calidonna. Presenters and their
topics were as follows: NANCY ADGENT — "Unearthing Resources:
Waking Up Cemetery Tours." Whether your cemetery has regular or
occasional tours, uses guides or in persona Conservation Workshop
Photo by Bruce Elliott actors, gives an overview or focuses on
specific themes, or targets the general public or certain audiences,
this session will highlight resources to help bring your tours to life.
Using case studies from Tennessee and New York, the session
showed selected markers and explained how infrequently used
resources could enhance the visitor's experience. Topics included
women, African-Americans, soldiers, landscapes, architecture, the
rich and famous, fraternal organizations, labor and economic
development. Research sources ranged from manuscript repositories
to the Internet, from government records to personal narratives and
from published secondary sources to original documents. FRANK
CALIDONNA — "Proper archival storage of cemetery data and
photographs using computers." This session was about archival
storage. Serious researchers and casual members of AGS are
constantly gathering gravestone and cemetery data. This information
base takes many forms such as written forms, questionnaires,
tables, raw numbers, photographs, rubbings, video, audio and digital
data. We collect all of this to enable students of gravestone studies
to analyze and form conclusions, to enable those who come after us
to do the same and to preserve information for both present and
future research. MARIKO KUROSAWA — "An American Popular
Funeral Poem and its Impact on Japanese Society." A popular
American poem, "Do Not Stand at My Grave and Weep," was
translated into Japanese and made into a song, "A Thousand
Winds," that became a big hit in Japan in 2007. The song also
created controversy in Buddhist circles because of its impact on their
cemeteries. Japanese attitudes toward death and cemeteries,
highlighted by the sentiments in this poem, were discussed, as well
as the poem's influence on Christianity and American culture.
SIOBHAN LAVELLE — "Care and Conserv^ation of Cemeteries in
New South Wales, Australia." A member of 20 AGS QUARTERLY /
VOL. 32, NO. 4 / FALL 2008
 the Cemeteries Committee of the National Trust of Australia
(NSW), Siobhan is involved in an ongoing survey of the 3,000
cemeteries and lone graves in NSW. Siobhan provided advice for
conservation and repair works to cemeteries and cemetery
monuments in sites listed on the NSW State Heritage Register as
part of her work in the Heritage Branch. ^r^ JEFF RICHMAN — "Civil
War veterans in your cemetery: How to find them and what to do
with them." Jeff Richman is the historian at Green-Wood Cemetery in
Brooklyn, New York. He is the author of Brooklyji's Green-Wood
Cemetery: New York's Buried Treasure and Civil War Veterans at
Brooklyn's GreenWood Cemetery, In Their Own Words. For the past
six years, Jeff has led hundreds of volunteers in Green-Wood's Civil
War Project, identifying 4,000 Civil War veterans at GreenWood,
writing a biography for each and obtaining 1,500 Veterans
Administration gravestones for those in unmarked graves. RUTH
SHAPLEIGH BROWN — "Old Burying Grounds Basics." This session
focused on interpreting an old cemetery — where are the
boundaries? The stones face which way? Where are the unmarked
graves? And how many changes have already affected this place of
history? One must learn to appreciate what's already been lost
before making plans to preserve what's left. The program also
included topics such as low-tech conservation, archeology,
symbolism and Connecticut carvers. This session was intended for
our first timers, but a few old time friends came in as well. It was
great sharing and getting their views. All comments from old and
new members were positive and encouraging. KARIN SPRAGUE —
""How memorials are designed at Karin Sprague's gravestone
carving studio." Karin St. Mary's Cemetery Photo by Nancy Adgent
creates beautiful gravestones carved in the old style. She discussed
and, with the help of a DVD, showed how she designs memorials in
her Rhode Island studio. Sprague uses mallet, chisel, slate and a
whole lot of heart to artfully carve one-of-a-kind gravestones.
JONATHAN TUCKER, Amherst Planning Director; LYNDA FAYE,
Historic Preservation Planner — "'Rehabilitating West Cemetery,
Amherst, Massachusetts." Today, West Cemetery in Amherst,
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

textbookfull.com