Cinema Terms Dictionary

Depth of Field

It is the distance between the nearest in-focus object to the camera and the farthest in-focus object. Citizen Kane (Gordon Willis),
Battleship Potemkin. The distance limits from which an object appears clearly visible in the camera during the time it remains there. Area
The depth is related to the focal length of the lens used, its aperture, and the point of focus. What is focal length?
the shorter it is, the more closed the diaphragm is and the farther the focal point is, the deeper the depth of field
is excessive.

Intermission (Entr’acte):

The 10-minute break between two acts in the cinema; in theater, opera, and ballet, the intermission between two acts.
it is said.

Film Time:

Physical time is one-dimensional. It moves forward and progresses along a single line. But in cinema
Time is different. It is a variable time. The director and screenwriter can manipulate this time as they wish.
can be used.

Film Movement:

The movement in the film consists of two parts: the actors in front of the stationary camera
the movement of the body and the movement of the camera.

Magic Lantern

The first projection device in history, the ancestor of today's slide projectors. Athanasius Kircher
has done.

Psychological Time:

A five-minute time dialogue in the cinema, due to the use of slow and long shots.
creates a perception of time longer than five minutes in the viewer.

Cinematic Universe:

Cinema is the art of providing spatial and temporal context. Cinema has its own unique space and time.
has opportunities that do not exist in any other art to create. For example, Orson Welles'
As he did in the film Citizen Kane (1941), a person's long life in a short synthesis.
can reflect.

Perspective in Cinema:

Perspective, 'the way an object represented at a certain level actually appears and is in reality.'
can be defined as a technique of being displayed as if it were three-dimensional.
Camera Movements:

Horizontal rotation (Pan): the receiver's turning to the right or left.

Vertical tilt: the receiver tilting downwards or upwards.
Dolly shot: the camera moves without changing its position on a vehicle.
moving in directions (forward, backward, sideways, or circularly)
Crane shot: movement of the camera above the ground surface with special equipment (horizontal
or vertically)
The shooting with the camera: the camera is carried by the camera operator. The obtained image
it can be shaky and tumultuous (it is also used to reflect a subjective viewpoint)

Dolly (The dolly moves side to side.) The body of the camera, not the lens, moves.

Pan Movement (Turning Left and Right)

Tilt Movement (Turning Up-Down)

Traveling (Sliding) Movement: Truck (Forward Backward Movement)

It is obtained on a vehicle that moves like a dolly or cart. The camera is sharper.
helps in capturing an image. For example, the camera is moved from a distant location to a closer one. Or
moves away from a nearby object. In the vertical scroll, the camera rises on a platform and
It decreases. It can observe a person going up or down a staircase.

Pedestal (Up and Down movement)

Ark (Circular Motion)

Zoom (Optical zoom: The camera getting very close to and moving away from the subject being shot)
movement)

Jimmy Jib:

A mechanical device resembling a crane, in the shape of a scale, where the camera is mounted. Especially
It is used in television shoots.

The Functions of Framing and Camera Movements:

Point of view shot (POV): (In a broad sense) anything in the image being captured
position. What we see is determined by the viewpoint. (In relation to the receiver) in the film.
Framing corresponding to the viewpoint of one of the characters.

The frame, in a general sense, offers a perspective towards the world or certain characters.
The fact that it is fixed or moving changes our perception of the world within this frame.

Light (Lighting):

To ensure the level of natural lighting of a scene (outdoor, indoor; dark,

aydınlık, loşluk; sabah, öğle, akşam, gece; dışarı, içeri; tünel, mahzen, orman, deniz kıyısı gibi
in the presentation of the scenes.
Enlightenment is also used as a dramatic element: The objective effect of lighting is the thing's
it emerges with the change in its appearance; the same object depending on the type of illumination (that is, the angle of light incidence
It takes on different forms depending on the direction. The subjective effect of lighting is a certain brightness.
It is the feeling that awakens in us above the degree. Objects that we would not care about in daylight.
It can take on a form that scares us in the dark.

Mise-en-scène: It is a French term. It means to put on stage. For film.

it has a broader meaning; almost everything within the composition of the shot,
including the composition itself, it specifies. Framing, the camera and
the movement of characters, lighting, set arrangement and visual environment, even sound.

Scene

With tools such as time, space, event, theme-motif, content, concept, or character
It is a unit that involves a combined, singular, and continuous dramatic action. It is usually related to each other.
It consists of a series of shots.

Sequence:
It is formed by the combination of scenes that are related to each other. They do not contain continuity. Events
Even if it occurs in different times and places, it is interconnected.

Scenario (Script-Screenplay):

The character's behaviors, words, and often camera movements are indicated.
written in a special page layout divided into sections and forms the basis of a movie
During filming, changes to the script are a common occurrence.

Treatment
A detailed synopsis with an improved narrative and the original form of the words written.

Synopsis:

A synopsis is the first stage of a film script; it is the text that expresses what will be told in the film.
It summarizes the plot of the movie in a few pages. Additionally, it is about the introduction of an unfinished film to the audience.
This summary is used in the advertisement, it is a draft that markets the film.

Storyboard (Draft):

A drawing showing how certain sequences or the entire film will look when shot.
or a draft consisting of photographs.

Set (Set):

The interior or exterior location where a film or television program is shot. From the appearance of a set.
The production designer or art director is responsible.

Dekor (Scenery)

It is created to reflect the atmosphere of the film. The cinema decorations are extremely appropriate to reality.
It should be. The art director's entire effort is to ensure that there is no deficiency or excess in the audience.
It aims to create a decor that accurately reflects the reality without evoking any emotions.
The human element is extremely important in theater. However, on the screen, a drama cannot exist without actors.
It can be variable. A door that slams, a leaf in the wind, waves crashing on the shore create a dramatic effect.
can enhance. Some major films use the human element merely as an accessory, like figurations, or as
"He uses the true protagonist as a counter to nature." Andre Bazin

Casting

Selecting actors for a production. In big-budget films, there is usually an actor manager.
(casting director), there is also a person responsible for extras.

Accessory (Props):

It refers to any kind of material used in a specific scene of the film.

Shot-Plan (Shot):

The part captured in a single shot (take) without a [Link] shooting is in the production phase in cinema.
and is used in different meanings in the narrative:
In the production stage: It is the duration until the camera starts and stops working.
In the editing phase; the footage up to the editing that connects the two sections (image: any
It is called a shot made with a camera or a sequence.

During the production phase, shoots are referred to by various names according to the use of the camera:

Master Shot: A single shot recorded continuously.

Establishing (long) shot: Achieved using a wide-angle camera. The scene's

It is used to show a large portion.

Full Shot (Boy plan): It is a shot where humans and objects are shown in their entirety.

Medium Shot: (It is referred to as a medium shot or take)

Close-up: Near or detail shot

Extreme Close-up: Very close shot.

Continuity

The event in the development of the film progresses smoothly from shot to shot. Script supervisor
Supervisor observes the scenes during the shoot, dialogue, movement, set arrangement
no inconsistencies or gaps in dressing, accessories, and costumes
he/she/it is healthy.

Pre Production
It is the preparation stage before the shootings begin. Script writing, budget preparation, location
Research, costume design, and the setup of sets are included in this process.

Post Production
The stage it enters after the recording phase of sound and image. Besides sound and image, subtitles,
capturing an image on the camera using a program or hardware and editing it
the act of transferring to a (computer) environment. Can transfer analog video to a editable digital environment.
Color correction and effect applications are also included in this stage.

Editing

A film's pieces and sound track can tell a story logically and coherently.
to put in a ranking. The steps are as follows: Rough cut: selected
the first logical arrangement of the parts; fine cut: worked on in more detail
version; final cut: the final form according to which the negative will be edited.

Timeline:

Various editing programs where we overlay image and audio channels, optionally
A working area that specifies time as square, seconds or time code.

Cut

A sudden transition from one shot to another without effects. It is the most commonly used type of transition.

Director’s Cut: In the finished copy, the images and sounds are as the director intended.
It is a fiction.

A Movie
A big-budget film featuring major stars, commercially the first
films listed by degree.

B Movie
A low-budget film shot in a short period of time, lacking star actors.

Telecine

The process of transferring a film to magnetic tape.

Boom (Bum):

To be able to monitor the event rationally and continuously, a camera or microphone at the end.
the metal long arm with weight balance that it is placed in.

Tripod: A stand with three adjustable legs that supports the camera.

Voice Over:
Dialogue and narration in which the speaking person is not visible in the image.
PARTICIPANTS IN FILM PRODUCTION:

Director

Primarily responsible for all creative aspects of a film, theater, and television show.
person. Generally hired by the producer, but some directors produce themselves.
they do it themselves.

Screenwriter

The person who writes the film story, treatment, and screenplay for cinema and television films.

Producer:

The producer's role is to find a project and develop it, to find a screenwriter or writers.
to rent and write the script, to hire the director and actors, to secure the funding.
to plan the production. They can also participate in the film's distribution process. Their personal projects
Some directors and actors who carry out the project also take on their own production.

Camera Crew

Görüntü yönetmeni, kamera operatörü, birinci kamera asistanı, ikinci kamera asistanı
It consists of a tape filler.

Cameraman-Director of Photography-Cinematographer

Responsible for the lighting setup of the film and working with the director on camera movement and image.
organizer

Camera Operator:

Camera crew member who operates the camera by receiving commands from the director of photography.
Is not responsible for the arrangement of lighting or the style of camera movements.
Keeping the event within the frame, following the unfolding event, the camera movements are intentional
is responsible for making it feel like it has been done.

First Assistant Director

It is the link between the director and the production manager. In some small productions, the production
He also directs. During the production, from the extras, the progress of the production, everyone
and everything being in the right place at the right time, the order and discipline on set
is responsible for the protection. When filming is about to begin, they give the command 'Silence on set'.
and signals the cameraman to start the camera.

Boom Operator: A sound crew member who uses a boom microphone.

Gaffer

The chief electrician who carries out the lighting of a set under the direction of the cinematographer.
Before or during the shoot, he determines the locations of the lights to be placed by his crew.

Art Director
Responsible for the construction and arrangement of interior and exterior sets and locations for a film.
person.
Costume Designer

A person who designs and draws the costumes of actors in a production. Both the overall atmosphere of the film,
It also works by taking into account the interpretation of the characters.

Continuity Writer (Script Supervisor-Continuity Clerk):

In the shoots, dialogues, gestures, movements, costumes, makeup, used lenses, etc.
keeping detailed notes on these variations from plan to plan and scene to scene
A person responsible for preventing display and ensuring continuity.

Dialogue Coach (Dialogue Coach-Dialogue Director):

for the players to pronounce the words they will say correctly or to learn a dialect
Team member hired to assist.

Set Designer

Construction of a set according to the description and drawing of the art director or production designer.
the person who plans.