The Musical Composition
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ScribdTranslationsThe Musical Composition
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ScribdTranslationsThe musical composition
It is a creative process that primarily involves the sense of hearing.
Musical creation
The elements of musical expression: pitch, timbre, intensity, and duration, play a fundamental role.
for creation. A composition is characterized by containing at least one of these elements:
melody, rhythm, harmony, and counterpoint.
A musical creator (composer) generates their work according to certain rules, or by evading them.
completely, essentially subjected to their creativity. This is the case for popular composers who,
without academic knowledge of music, they create their work.
Means of musical composition
The means of musical composition are linked to a technical process that includes the
instrumentation (orchestration), harmony and counterpoint.
Melody
It is conceived as a succession of sounds with equal or different characteristics in terms of duration.
and height.
Orchestration or instrumentation
It is the technical handling of the instruments that the composer uses to express themselves.
Harmony
It is considered the scientific aspect of music. It consists of the combination of sounds, creating
different tensions in music (consonances and dissonances).
Counterpoint
It is the simultaneous sound presence of two or more melodic lines, which gives it a character
polyphonic.
Escape
It consists of imitative work based on a given musical theme.
The sound and the acoustics
Sound is a physical phenomenon caused by the vibrations of a sound source. It is called sound.
also to the auditory sensation that occurs when an object vibrates.
Acoustics is the part of physics that studies the production, propagation, control, reception, and hearing.
of sounds. This name is also used to refer to the qualities of a physical space
determined to favor the production and propagation of sound.
Eco
It is the acoustic effect produced by the reflection of sound once its first exposure is finished.
Frequency
Frequency is called the number of completed vibrations in a given time, that is, to the
speed of vibration of the sound wave. The higher the frequency, the sound is higher; the lower
frequency, more grave. It is a vibration intended to produce sound, the determined frequency
height, the amplitude of the wave, the intensity, and the shape of the generated wave (the timbre).
Noise
It is a sound of indeterminate pitch produced by non-isocronic vibrations, that is, that do not follow
no pattern of repetition.
The rhythm and the body
Rhythm is the musical element that results from the arrangement of durations over time; for which
Thus, time, as already mentioned, conditions the rhythm. The word rhythm comes from the Latin rhythmus: flow.
rhythm is found by striking our own body or any sound element, or it is expressed in
through voice, whether spoken or sung.
Musical instruments
A musical instrument is an object or device consisting of a set of arranged pieces that
It is used to produce musical sounds, and it is used for the purpose of making music; without
Embargo, any medium capable of reproducing sounds can be considered as an instrument.
musical.
The science that studies the history and technique of musical instruments is called
organology, and constitutes a branch of musicology. Modern organology focuses its study on the
instruments considered in themselves and related to the cultural environment in which they are used.
Classification of musical instruments:
The classification of musicologists Erich Von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs, from 1914, expanded and revised
subsequently, it is the most accepted. According to them, the instruments are divided into four categories:
aerophones, chordophones, idiophones, and membranophones; later, electrophones were added, which
group the instruments whose sound is produced or amplified by means of electronics.
Aerophones: these are instruments that use air as a sound source. This is produced
when a column of air vibrates when blown or when receiving pressure from the lips (flutes, guaranas,
trumpets, ocarinas, clarinets and trombones.
Cordophones: in them, the sound is produced when a tense string vibrates, which is activated
by percussion, tapping, or strumming, or by being rubbed with a bow. They are usually subdivided into three
categories, according to the mode of execution: strummed, plucked with fingers or with the help of a
plectrum (four, harp, guitar, bandola, mandolin, etc.); rubbing with the bow (violin, viola, cello and
double bass); or struck with felt hammers (piano).
Idioophones: these are instruments made from naturally sonorous materials.
sound is produced when their bodies vibrate through rubbing or when they are struck, plucked,
shaken, scraped, clashed, etc. (sticks, maracas, rattles, guiros, chequeres, quitiplas, sticks)
of rain, castanets, etc.).
Membranophones: they are those that produce sound when a membrane is struck and rubbed.
tension, generally made of animal leather, stretched over its corresponding opening. Basically, they are
the drums. There are single-headed ones, like the bongos, congas, chimbangles, the drum
mine, the turro, etc.; or of double membrane, like the culo e’ puya drums, the tamboritas d fulías or the
bata drums.
Electrophones: sound is produced and modified in them through electric currents. They are usually
divide into two groups: electro-mechanical instruments (electrically amplified and without a casing
resonance, like the guitar and the electric bass); and radio-electric (keyboards, organs, synthesizers,
etc.).
The voice: it is the emission of sounds, sung or spoken, through the mouth. Human voices
they can be classified into white - children's (treble mezzo-soprano, contralto) or female (soprano,
mezzo-soprano, contralto) - and dark - of man (countertenor, tenor, baritone, bass) - the production of
The exact vocal sound is called intonation.
The listener: a fundamental part of presenting a musical piece is the so-called audience.
assistant or auditor. It is the listener, with their presence, who validates the music and to whom, in good part,
The musical discourse is directed. This allows one to enjoy or reject what they hear.
Here we have some recommendations for the audience:
Punctuality in attending theaters or concert halls
2. Occupy the assigned position as soon as possible
3. Make the necessary silence at the moment the music starts and during its development.
