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Leaching Workshop

SOLID - LIQUID EXTRACTION

"True education consists of bringing out the best in oneself. What other book
Can one study better than that of Humanity?".

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi - Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)

1. Calculate the compositions of the systems indicated below:

500 kg of a mixture with the following weight composition: 20% water, 30% salt, and 50%
In the arena, 80 kg of water evaporate.
b) 100 kg of a mixture composed by weight: 50% salt, 10% water, and 40%
sand, added to 100 kg of another that contains 20% salt, 70% water, and 10% of
arena. By evaporation, 50 kg of water are separated and 15 kg of salt are added.
c) From 500 kg of a mixture containing 50% salt, 20% sand, and 30% water, 300 kg is separated.
a mixture of 60% salt, 25% sand, and 15% water.

2. From a fish meal that contains 25% by weight of oil and 75% of Inert materials, it has
to separate the oil by extraction with a solvent in a three-phase extraction system
steps in direct current. The system receives as input (R01000 kg of flour and in
In each stage, 400 kg of solvent is supplied. Calculate the percentage of oil recovered.
if the amount of solution that accompanies the inert substances of the refining is 0.40 kg/kg of inert.

3. Some oil sands that contain 20% by weight of oil are processed in a system.
multi-stage extraction, countercurrent with gasoline, to separate the oil.
The extract formed by oil and naphtha has a composition of 36% by weight of
oil. The refining consists of sand accompanied by the solution retained in the
The amount of sand in the refining constitutes 70% by weight of the refining. Calculate
the number of theoretical stages required if the system receives an input of 25000 kg/day
from oil sands and 15000 kg/day of naphtha is used as an extracting agent (EN+1 )

4. A dry solid contains 10% by weight of a water-soluble substance that is extracted with
pure water in a countercurrent extraction system. The refined product from the
the last stage dries completely, obtaining a solid product that contains 0.15% in
weight of soluble substance. The process is carried out using a ratio
solvent/feeding equals 1.8. It has been found experimentally that the solvent
(D) retained by the solid is independent of the concentration of the solution and equal to 1.80
kg of water/kg of inert.

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Calculate:

a) The concentration of the solution retained by the inert solid that comes out as refined in the
last stage. (XRN)
b) The concentration of the solution that comes out as extract in the first stage (YE1).
c) The number of theoretical stages required.

5. In a countercurrent extraction process, 1000 kg/h of beach sand are treated.

una composición 12% de sal, 85% de Inerte y 3% de agua; empleando 2000 kg/h de agua.
The amount of water held by the inert solid is 0.5 kg of water/kg of sand. Calculate the
necessary number of stages for the separated sand, once dry, to contain only
0.2% salt.

6. In a multiple contact countercurrent extraction system, 1000 kg/h of

cod liver. The raw material contains 32% by weight of oil, which must be extracted
using 2000 kg/h of Ethyl Ether (contaminated with 2% by weight of oil). The
The amount of separated extract will be 1800 kg/h, and its composition will be 18% by weight of oil.
The refined product will have a composition of 3% oil, 40.33% ether, and the rest solid.
inert.
Calculate the coordinates of the pole.

7. A mineral ofCopper(I) sulfate4is subjected to leaching with water in a continuous process of

countercurrent extraction. The composition of the mineral is: 10%CuSO45% of
water and 85% of inert gangue. The refined product separated in the last stage must not contain more
of 1.5% ofCuSO4initially, in the form of solution retained in the inert gangue. In the
Operating conditions have found that the retained solution is 1 kg/kg of inerts.

R0 the number of stages and the concentration of

For a feed rate of 200 kg/h ( ), Calculate
the separate solution(YE):1

a) Using 400 kg/h of water.

b) Using 800 kg/h of water.

8. A dry solid containing 0.30 kg of solute/kg of inert is subjected to extraction in

multiple stages in countercurrent using an aqueous solution as the extracting agent
which contains 0.2% by weight of solute. The solvent retained by the inert solid is
constant at all stages and equal to 1.5 kg of water/kg of inert. The refining that leaves
the system contains 0.05 kg of solute / 5 kg of inert.

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Leaching Workshop

Calculate:

a) The number of theoretical stages required, if the extract has a composition of 5% in

weight of solute.
E´
b) The minimum necessary relationship
N 1

R0´ min
9. A paraffin paper that contains 20% by weight of paraffin and 80% of inerts is treated with
kerosene (with 0.10% paraffin) in a multi-stage extraction process in
countercurrent. The paraffin passes into the extract at a rate of 4 kg of paraffin per 100 kg of
kerosene. The refined consists of inert material with 2 kg of paraffin per 100 kg
of inert and the retained solution that is equivalent to 2 kg of kerosene per kilogram of inert.

Calculate the number of theoretical stages required for the extraction if 1000 kg/day is processed.
paraffin paper and the retained solution is independent of the concentration of paraffin
on paper.

[Link] a multi-stage countercurrent extraction system, 60 must be treated.

tons/day of a copper ore whose composition, after subjecting it to roasting,
it is the following:

CuSO4 8%
Water 4%
Inert Ganga 88%

As an extraction agent, a quantity of water is used such that the concentration of the solution
separated from 12% inCuSO4and it must contain 98% of theCuSO4what goes into the
power supply. The amount of solvent (Water) retained by the inert solid in the
operating conditions are 1.6 kg of water/kg of inert.

Calculate:

a) Amount of water needed

b) Coordinates of the pole
c) Number of theoretical stages.

[Link] liver oil must be extracted in a continuous extraction apparatus.

countercurrent, using ethyl ether with 3% oil as solvent. To the system of
Extraction involves 500 kg/h of livers that contain 25% by weight of oil.
solvent-free). If the amount of solvent used is 400 kg/h, and the composition of

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Leaching Workshop

refined separated as bottom flow is 1% by weight of oil (on a free base in

solvent), calculate.

Percentage of oil recovered in the extract

b) Number of theoretical stages.

The amount of solution retained by the livers, determined experimentally, is reported.

in the following table:

kg solution
X
kg of liver free of oil

0.00 0.190

0.10 0.23

0.20 0.26

0.30 0.31

0.40 0.37

0.50 0.45

0.60 0.55

0.70 0.67

0.72 0.74

12.A multi-stage extraction installation must be projected to operate in

countercurrent to process 500 kg/h of a powdered product with a composition of 20%
oil weight, 3% by weight of benzene and 77% inert material. A solvent is used
benzene with 2% by weight of oil, and in the extract, 90% of the oil must be separated.
content in the diet (R0).

If 400 kg of solvent is used, calculate:

a) The concentration of the extract

b) The concentration of the retained solution
c) The amount of solution that is separated with the solids
d) The amount of extract

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e) The number of theoretical stages

From the experiences conducted in the laboratory under analogous conditions, it has been found
that the amount of liquid retained by the solids depends on the concentration of the following
mode:

Concentration
Retained solution

kg of oil/kg of
kg solution/kg solid
solution

0,0 0.40

0.1 0.41

0.2 0.42

0.3 0.43

0.4 0.45

0.5 0.47

0.6 0.49

0.7 0.52

13.A fish meal contains oil that must be extracted with benzene operating at
multiple stages in direct current.

To the extraction system, which consists of three stages, 1000 kg/h of feed containing enters.
40% oil; the amount of benzene used at each stage is 750 kg/h.

Calculate:

a) The overall composition of the Extract.

b) The concentration of the refined product from the last stage.
c) The percentage of oil recovered

Experimentally, it has been found that the solution retained by the inert solid is
function of the composition of the solution, according to the following data:

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Leaching Workshop

Kg of oil/kg of solution kg solution/kg of inert

0,0 0.500

0,1 0.505

0.2 0.515

0.3 0.530

0.4 0.550

0.5 0.571

0.6 0.595

0.7 0.620

[Link] a countercurrent extractor battery, a material enters as feed that ...

contains 15% by weight of solute, 3% by weight of water, and the rest is inert. It must be
recover 94% of the solute, using water as the extracting agent, and the concentration of the
The separated extract must be 20% by weight of the solute. Calculate the number of stages.
necessary theories if the amount of solution retained by the solids is independent of the
concentration is equal to 0.6 kg of solution per kilogram of inert.

15.A mineral that contains 12% by weight of a soluble salt, 6% by weight of water and matter.
inert is subjected to a countercurrent extraction process, using water as
Solvent. The system receives 500 kg/h of ore and 400 kg/h of agent as feed.
extractor. Calculate the percentage of solute recovered if the amount of solution retained in
The refining is constant and equal to 0.4 kg/kg of inert.

[Link] phenol used in the manufacture of a plastic resin used in the production of cards
Mothers, it is necessary to recover in order to meet the zero emissions requirements (ZERI).

It is proposed to use a countercurrent extraction battery. The system is supplied with 1000.
kg/h of a plastic resin impregnated with Phenol and MEK. This resin has a composition of 50%
in solution-free resin weight, 48% Phenol and 2% MEK. During extraction, part of
the resin is destroyed and is carried away in the current of the lightweight components (Extracts), at a rate of
0.065 kg of resin/kg of solution.

Environmental regulations require that the final refining flow (R N) cannot contain more than
1.5% by weight of Phenol, referred to the total mass of the stream.

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As a solvent, a stream of MEK is used, with a composition of 99.5% MEK and 0.5% of
Phenol. Due to costs, 2.7 times the minimum solvent should be used.

Calculate

a) Number of theoretical stages required.

% of Phenol recovered
EN´ 1
c) Relationship
R0´
R´N
d) Relationship RN / E1
E1´

X 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.70 0.90

N 0.70 0.60 0.518 0.446 0.385 0.330 0.250 0.180

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