Procedure For Calculating Firm Power
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ScribdTranslationsProcedure For Calculating Firm Power
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ScribdTranslationsMETHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING FIRM POWER
First of all, it is advisable to review the definition of firm power that appears in the regulations.
current electric
It corresponds to the power contribution that each generating unit is capable of making to the
sufficiency of the system, as well as the contribution it can make to service security. Everything
this during peak hours of the system.
From the previous definition, we note that the term firm power includes two technical concepts.
different and independent that are:
• Sufficiency: Which consists of the ability of an electrical system to have capacity
generation to supply their consumption, guaranteed with a certain level of probability.
• Security: Understood as the capacity of generating units to respond to
contingencies, measured in terms of departure time and its load increment rate.
The final firm power is calculated from the preliminary firm power, which is weighted.
by a unique factor that corresponds to the quotient between the maximum hourly demand of the system and the
sum of all the preliminary firm capacities. All the plants, regardless of their size or
technology is weighed by the same factor.
Where:
To calculate the preliminary firm power, three different calculations must be performed. One is the calculation
of the firm capacity of sufficiency and the other two are the firm capacity due to start times
and the firm capacity due to the charging rates, which are weighted by 0.8, 0.1, and 0.1
respectively.
On the other hand, the calculation of each of these components of firm power requires
the initial power values, unavailability rates, and load taking as well as their time of
departure.
The period considered for the calculation of firm power is the hours of highest probability.
of pressure drop, which are:
• SING: Period of the day between 6:00 PM and 11:00 PM (as long as the schedule is in effect)
in winter) and between 19:00 and 24:00 hrs (while daylight saving time is in effect) every day of
every month of the year, except for Sundays, holidays, and Saturdays following a Friday
holiday or before holiday Mondays.
• Between 10:00 AM and 1:00 PM and from 6:00 PM to 11:00 PM during the period between
on May 1st and September 30th, not considering Saturdays, Sundays, or holidays.
INITIAL POWER CALCULATION MGNC
For unconventional generation sources that are not PMGD, both are considered
sufficiency and security attributes for calculating its firm power.
For the plants declared as PMGD, according to ruling No. 5 of the panel of experts from the year
2007, they are not considered to provide firm security capacity, so only their
firm capacity of sufficiency (its contributions of firm safety capacity are considered 0).
The following describes the procedure for calculating the initial power for each
central
Wind Generators
A procedure similar to that used for run-of-river hydroelectric power plants is carried out.
calculate the hourly average of the power delivered during the hours of highest probability of loss
of load, considering that the available energy is that of the year with the lowest energy statistics
Generated. The above means that for the first year of statistics, this same one is considered.
as the one with the least wind availability.
Mini Hydraulic Generators
The same is done as for conventional run-of-river hydropower plants. The average is calculated.
schedule of the power delivered during the times with the highest probability of load loss,
considering the inflows of the driest year in the statistics.
Biomass and Geothermal Generators
This type of power plant receives the same treatment as conventional thermal power plants.
where its initial power is calculated as the average power of the 5 hours of highest power
that they have recorded in the actual operation, in those times when the central was
dispatched at maximum capacity. In case the plant has not been dispatched in the period
From the study, the value calculated in the last definitive firm power study is considered.
EXAMPLE CALCULATION OF FIRM POWER
WIND FARM CENTRAL CASES (Source: Final Firm Power Report 2010 CDEC-SIC)
To perform this calculation, the initial powers have been calculated as described in the
previous section. The plants considered for this calculation were Canela, Canela II, Totoral,
Monte Redondo and Lebu.
The statistics with the energy generated during the hours of highest probability of loss
The load for the plants is shown below:
Central Energy 2008 [GWh]
Cinnamon 13.5 14.7 12.0
Cinnamon 2 - - 55.9
Totoral - - 36.3
Redondo Mountain - - 32.2
Lebu - 2.5 2.7
The minimum energy value in the statistics, which determines the year, has been highlighted in blue.
to be used for the calculation of the initial power for each plant. With the previous values, it is carried out
the calculation of the initial power for the plants.
Central Initial power
[MW]
Cinnamon 3.5
Cinnamon II 16.3
Totoral 10.6
Monte Redondo 9.4
Lebu 0.8
With the value of the initial power along with the unavailability rates, startup times, and rate of
load intake of the plants, the final firm power calculation can be made, as
it can be seen in the following table.
Central Pot. Nom. Pot. Initial Pfsuf Pftp Pftc Pfprel Dm/SPFP Pfdef % of Pot. Nom.
Cinnamon 18.15 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 0.60 2.09 11.52
Cinnamon II 60.00 16.30 16.00 16,20 15.80 16.00 0.60 9.56 15.93
Totoral 46.00 10.60 10.50 10.50 10.30 10.48 0.60 6.26 13.61
Monte Redondo 38,00 9,40 9,30 9,40 9,20 9,30 0,60 5,56 14,62
The previous calculations have used the following data:
• The maximum demand of the system in 2010 was 5631.1MW.
• The sum of the preliminary firm powers was 9425.6 MW
Therefore, the unique factor remains:
From the results, it can be noted that the sufficiency powers (Pfsuf), the starting time powers
(Pftp) and load take-off (Pftc) usually have values close to that of the initial power. In the case
From the firm sufficiency capacity, the initial capacity is reduced by the own consumption of the
central as well is taken into account its unavailability rate. In the case of the factors of
security, the CNE defines some factors (to multiply the initial power) that are taken into account
the departure times (in hours)
The firm powers related to the security of the Lebu Wind Farm are null due to
What is a PMGD (Currently, the Lebu Wind Farm has five turbines, 60 meters
with a total power of 3.54 MW, connected to the Interconnected System
Central (SIC) through the Santa Rosa electrical substation,
MINI HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
For this example, the Río Trueno, Puclaro, and Lircay plants will be chosen. The first two are
PMGD, while Lircay is a MGNC.
Below is a table with the final calculations for the firm power. It is necessary to
mention that the "Río Trueno" (PMGD) plant began injecting contributions to the SIC on the day 06 of
June 2010, so its firm capacity sufficiency (calculated as the hourly average of
the injections at peak times for the driest hydrology) are reduced by 24%, compared to the
maximum possible.
Central Pot. Nom. Pot. Initial Pfsuf Pftp Pftc Pfprel Dm/SPFP Pfdef % of Pot. Nom.
Lircay 18.00 10,10 10.00 10.00 10.10 10.01 0.60 5.98 33.22
Puclaro 5.50 5.50 5.30 0.00 0.00 4.24 0.60 2.53 46.06
Río Trueno 5,60 2,50 1,90 0,00 0,00 1,52 0,60 0,91 16,22
FIRM POWER PAYMENT
According to D.S. No. 244, articles 41 and 54, both the net energy price and the net price of
applicable power to the injections made by the PMG and PMGD (when applicable)
will correspond to the nodal prices of the nearest trunk substation (that is, the one that is at the
minimum electrical distance from the injection point to the respective bus bar according to the
established in decree 320, which states that the minimum electrical distance is defined by the CNE.
Below are the energy and power knot prices for October 2010.
CENTRALINTERCONNECTEDSYSTEM(CIS)
FINALREPORTOCTOBER2010
PENALTYFACTORSANDNODEPRICES
Knot TENSION PENALTYFACTORS Knot Prices
kV POWER ENERGY POWER Energy
$/kW/month $/kWh
[Link] 220 1.0837 1,1297 4,964.22 44,721
PINTORACE 220 1.0762 1,1135 4,929.87 44,080
CARDONES 220 1.0172 1.0606 4,659.60 41,986
MAITENCILLO 220 0.9690 1.0091 4,438.80 39,947
Sugarloaf 220 1.0391 1.0727 4,759.92 42,465
THEVILLOS 220 1.0129 1.0317 4,639.90 40,842
QUILLOTA 220 0.9682 1,0000 4,435.14 39,587
POLPAICO 220 10,000 1.0151 4,580.81 40,185
LAMP 220 1.0532 1.0153 4,824.51 40,193
NAVIAHILL 220 1.0490 1.0638 4,805.27 42,113
CHENA 220 1.0408 1.0567 4,767.71 41,832
ALTOJAHUEL 220 1.0294 1.0479 4,715.49 41,483
PAINE 154 1.0465 1.0687 4,793.82 42,307
Rancagua 154 1.0478 1.0594 4,799.77 41,938
CortesPoint 154 1.0410 1.0678 4,768.62 42,271
TILCOCO 154 1.0413 1,0552 4,770.00 41,772
SANFERNANDO 154 0.9506 0.9517 4,354.52 37,675
TENO 154 0.9355 0.9453 4.285,35 37,422
ITAHUE 154 0.9181 0.9306 4,205.64 36,840
ANCOA 220 0.9238 0.9104 4,231.75 36,040
CHARRUA 220 0.8504 0.9062 3,895.52 35,874
TEMUCO 220 0.8561 0.9247 3,921.63 36,606
THEPLUMTREES 220 0.8547 0.9288 3,915.22 36,768
VALDIVIA 220 0.8574 0.9416 3,927.59 37,275
WHITECLAY 220 0.8415 0.9351 3,854.75 37,018
PORTMONTT 220 0.8477 0.9421 3,883.15 37,295
