IMULACRO STATE EXAM FOR ADMISSION

TO HIGHER EDUCATION

Write here:____________ the underlined number that

appears on the right side of your answer sheet. Enter at:
[Link] click on ONLINE RESULTS,
then in Students schools type the number and you will be able to
check your results online.

SECOND 300000322
SESSION CHECK THAT THIS NUMBER
APPEAR ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET

In the following table, you will find the tests that you are going to
to solve, the number of questions and the available time
to answer them

SocailndCvici2 22 questions
Mathematics2 24 questions
NaturalSciences2 27 questions
English 45 questions
4:30 hours

You have received a booklet that you can scribble on and make any necessary marks since at
You can keep it in the end. Also, you receive an answer sheet to respond to the
questions from the booklet filling in the circles with a number 2 black lead pencil, when you finish
you must submit it to be graded. Before starting the test, you must verify that the sheet of
answers have your name and the number of the booklet, then follow the given instructions
by the person in charge of directing the test.
 SOCIAL AND CITIZEN

United Nations Organization A. to the Cold War

B. to the world wars
In the mid-1940s, was born C. the Jewish Holocaust
the United Nations Organization D. to the space race
(UN). This organization has the purpose of
functions, among others, to maintain peace 4. One of the measures that can be
apply the UN in case of
and international security, investigate one or several countries threaten the
any situation that could cause international security is
an international conflict, formulate plans
to regulate the armament of countries, A. impose an economic blockade
to impose economic or other sanctions about them
type, that do not necessarily involve the B. declare war on them to avoid
use of force, to prevent or stop conflicts
an aggression, etc. C. support the strongest so that
win
Answer questions 1 to 4. D. confiscate the weapons of both
based on the previous information. countries

Protection mechanisms
1. Based on what is said in the text
we can affirm that the UN emerged The Constitution of 1991 granted to the
once finished the citizens of Colombia with a set
of mechanisms that serve them to
A. World War I the defense of their rights, be they
B. Cold War individuals or collectives. They are
C. Second World War call me protection mechanisms and some
D. Great War the most important are: the action of
guardianship, which is used as a last resort
2. From the above we can say that the to protect fundamental rights
like health and life; popular action,
UN primarily uses media
what is a preventive measure that
protect collective rights in case
A. bellicose that they are threatened, violated
B. peaceful the injured parties; the habeas corpus, which
C. economic protect the right to freedom in case
D. persuasive that a person be imprisoned without
legal justification; habeas data, which
3. Another purpose of the UN protects the right to privacy of the
yes, besides preventing them from occurring people protecting the information that
international conflicts, which do not companies or institutions have about
similar events happen again they.

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Answer questions 5 to 9. 8. When the vulnerabilities have been exploited

based on the previous information. rights of a community

the action cannot be used
5. To enroll in the university, popular to protect your
rights because
Juan needs information about his
notes in school, but in this one it A. that mechanism only works
they deny claiming that it is information to protect rights
what belongs to the institution. For individuals
obtain the information you need, B. the action of tutela should be used
Juan can make use of the mechanism to protect all rights
of protection that is called C. this mechanism is used
mainly of way
preventive
A. body of evidence
D. each citizen must take charge
B. tutee action to protect your own rights
C. popular action
D. habeas data 9. A citizen was captured by
the police at the moment when
6. The main purpose of existence I was robbing someone on the street. To
of the protection mechanisms of to be imprisoned, the citizen
the rights are intends to make use of habeas
body to achieve freedom.
In this case, the mechanism of
A. return the power to the citizens the protection referred to does not
of political participation that have it can be used because
lost
B. prevent authorities from abusing A. the reason for the capture was
of their rights by mistreating the legally documented
citizens B. the citizen was caught
C. ensure that citizens can while committing a crime
C. habeas corpus protects the
to exercise their rights without
right to privacy
restriction D. the captured citizen is
D. preventing people from overdoing it in completely innocent
elusive constitutional rights

7. If a citizen is denied assistance Participation mechanisms

in a hospital or they do not deliver them The mechanisms of participation are
medications you need to treat a very important for the citizens
serious illness, the mechanism that Colombians because through
can be used to have it respected they guarantee us that we can have
the right to health is part in political decisions that
they can affect us, such as
the election of our representatives
A. the action of compliance
before the government or the reforms
B. the action of tutela policies that they propose. For
C. the data through these mechanisms as well
D. habeas corpus it is guaranteed that citizens

SIM - 300000322 3
may be elected to political positions, in 12. The main difference between the
which can help their community. referendum and the popular consultation
Some of the participation mechanisms
most important are: the vote, through which is that
the citizen can choose and be chosen for
different public positions; the plebiscite, which A. with the referendum one can
is summoned by the president so that the approve or reject a law
the town speaks out on a topic of interest and with the popular consultation
general; the referendum, in which citizens power can be taken away from him/her
approve or reject a law or other texts with
president when he does not fulfill
political or legal effects; the popular consultation,
in which citizens give their opinion about B. in the first one the citizenship is
matters of general interest, whether national, pronunciation in front of a topic of
departmental or municipal; the council general interest and in the second
open, where issues are discussed is approved or rejected a
interest for the local community; the revocation
of the mandate, in which the citizens assume bill project
completed the term that has been conferred upon a C. the first is done for
governor or mayor for non-compliance with their approve or reject a law
government program. and the second so that the
citizenship expresses itself in front
Answer questions 10 to 14
on a topic of general interest
taking into account the above information.
D. the first can be used
10. The most important purpose of the by any citizen and the
participation mechanisms can be second can only be placed
summarize as the possibility that they have in practice for the elderly
citizens of age
A. vote for your rulers
B. overthrow the president
C. to be corrupt freely Andrés was mayor of his
D. to choose and to be chosen municipality for several
months, but due to the fact that not
11. The participation mechanisms are
fulfilled many of the
very important for citizens
Colombians why proposals made during
your campaign, the citizenship
A. through them it is guaranteed that he decided that he should not continue
we can have a say in the decisions governing. The mechanism
policies that may affect us of participation that the
B. with them we can choose our
governors to remove them from power if not citizens must use in
benefiting our personal interests this case is
C. if they did not exist, we would have no one to
will govern and the democracy of the country will A. the open council
would be very negatively affected B. the recall of the mandate
D. through these we can be
C. the referendum
chosen for the political positions that
they enrich our families D. the vote

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14. Of the following mechanisms, the [Link] example of self-determination
what defines the basic meaning of the from the towns we see it when
citizen participation is
A. In each country, the laws are applied.
A. the recall of the mandate according to the convenience of third parties
B. the plebiscite B. the indigenous people must submit
C. the vote to the laws of the Constitution of
D. the popular consultation 1991
C. an ethnic group that is different
otherwise it achieves its independence
Self-determination of peoples D. citizens vote to elect
their political representatives
The right to self-determination is
The relations between the United States
the right that peoples have to
and the third world countries do not go in
decide on your own ways of
against self-determination of the
government, its economic and social development
towns.
and cultural, and to organize freely without
external interference and in accordance with the
17. The previous statement is
principle of equality. Taking into account
that Colombia is a pluriethnic country and A. correct, because the U.S. always
multicultural, this right can be applied respect the political decisions of
to the indigenous peoples as long as the underdeveloped countries and in
do not harm the Constitution. development pathways
B. incorrect, because for the
Answer the questions from 15 to the third world countries achieve
17 taking into account the information high levels of development is
previous it is necessary to intervene them
C. correct, because for the interests
15. In the case of a community from the U.S. is not important
indigenous person intends to apply to one the intervention in countries with
a punishment for its members that poor economies
endanger their health or their life, D. incorrect, because the policies of
this behavior would not be part of the The U.S. includes the intervention
self-determination of peoples directly in internal affairs of
because many countries

A. the Constitution of 1991 created the Civil rights

indigenous reserves, where they
they have the power to judge Historically, the 'movement for
B. that measure would go against the civil rights" referred to the
Constitution of 1991, which efforts to achieve a true
equality for African Americans
protect the right to life
in all facets of society.
C. the most important right is
Currently, the term civil rights
the work, which has to be it is also used to describe the
protected by the authorities progress of equality for all
D. the safeguards are autonomous, it people, regardless of their
What does it mean that no one can raza
entering them without permission or other features. The rights

SIM - 300000322 5
civilians are distinguished from freedoms A. all the students have
civilians in which the first point to the right to participate in events
equal treatment of people, while school sports
the second are rights and freedoms of B. people must be treated
broader character, granted by a with equality regardless of their
Constitution. religious beliefs
C. As the best actor, it is his due.
18. The goal they were pursuing to star in the play regardless of
movements that advocated for the what religion does it belong to
civil rights can be related D. the Constitution of 1991 protects the
with a period in history in cultural rights of minorities
many countries of the world in the ethnic groups of the country
which segregated the population
Afro-descendant, denying them all
the rights. In the particular case OPEN QUESTIONS
in South Africa this period was called
Answer the following
questions on your sheet of
A. holocaust
answers, with clear handwriting
B. apartheid and without stepping out of the box
C. discrimination
provided for that.
D. Zionism

19. An example of violation of the 21. Once the Second is finished

civil rights is when World War, the countries
winners, led by the
A. a person is fired from their United States, decided to create
work for having poor performance a new State that would serve as
B. a group of job applicants gateway to the Near East and its
compete for first place resources. By the way, the proportion
C. a woman is paid less in a of Jewish and Arab inhabitants in
company only for being a woman the territory of Palestine began to
D. the faithful of a religion must drastically change and the conflict
to pay a tithe to his church among these groups gained strength
until becoming one of the
[Link] belongs to a religion more durable and unequal in the
world.
different from the Catholic and despite
He is a good actor, they do not allow him.
To the creation of which State
Does it refer to the previous paragraph?
participate in the setup that the
the theater group of your school is 22. The plebiscite is one of the
organizing about the validity of some mechanisms of participation
saints because, according to the director, to
most important citizen for the
not being Catholic is not qualified possibilities that it gives to the citizenship
to represent one of these to make meaningful decisions
characters. In the previous case, it for the common interest. For what
they are violating the rights a plebiscite was called in the
civilians of Diego because recent history of Colombia?

SIM - 300000322 6
 MATHEMATICS2
FORMULAS THAT MAY BE USEFUL FOR DEVELOPMENT
OF THIS MATH TEST

Logab = nLogab
Vcylinder= pr2h
Log b
Logab=
Log a

1 2
Pcircumference=2πr Vcone = πr h
3

Acircle=πr2 4 3
Vsphere = πr
3

Atriangle = b . h
2 Pythagorean theorem

θ Youθ Cosθ Tanθ x2+ y2= z2

30° 1/2 √3 /2 √3 /3
45° √2 /2 /2 root1of 2
Square
cos2θ +sen2θ =1
60° √3 /2 1/2 √3

A final math exam has its questions distributed according to percentages.

specific to the topics to be evaluated. The total number of questions in the exam is 40 and the
distribution is shown below

Theme Number of questions Percentage

Basic operations and
20 A
special in integers
Algebraic expressions B 20%

Factorization C 25 %

Factorization D E

SIM - 300000322 7
23. The letters B and E are 25.
respectively Of the following expressions, the
what describes the volume of water
A. 10 and 15% what fits in the cylindrical tank is
B. 8 and 5%
C. 10 and 35% 10x3
A.
3
D. 8 and 15%
1
B. x(3x2+ 3 )

(2pr3x)*
C.
3
r
x
D. 3x3+ 3
a
r Answer the questions from 26 onwards.
the 28 according to the following
b information.

To calculate the monthly consumption

24. The expression what relate of water from a home the company that
correctly the radius of the provides public services of the
semicircle with a and b is the city proposes the following steps:

A. r =p √a 2 - b2 • Find out the amount of water

that comes out of the tap. Take a
1
container that has marks (by
B. r=
2
√a2+ b2 example, a 10-liter bucket) and
place it under the open key at the
maximum for 30 seconds.
C. r = 2 √a 2 + b2 • Measure how much water was collected y
multiply it by 2. The result is the
flow rate in liters per minute.
1 • Multiply this result by the
r = 2 √p(a + b )
2 2
D.
time (minutes) you take in
carry out each activity.
• Record your consumption in a table and
To fill a cylindrical tank with water at the end, make the sum.
• Multiply the result I give you.
3 and 1/3 containers were used in shape by 30 and you will get your consumption
of a cube whose edge measures X
monthly.

26. The units of measurement for flow

they can be

A. meters per second

B. liters per second cubed
C. liters per minute
x
D. meters per cubic minute

SIM - 300000322 8
Carlos calculated his water consumption in a day and noted it down in the following
table
Hygiene Cleaning of Washing of Washing of
Activity Bathroom Sanitary Cooking and Drinking
personal the house dishes clothes
Water consumption (L) 24 33 31 47 28 19 18

Percentage (%) 12 16.5 15.5 23.5 14 9.5 9

27. From the values that Carlos wrote in the percentage row, it can be said that
A. represents the total water expenditure in relation to water expenditure on cleaning of a
person
B. represents the proportion of total daily water consumption expenditure in relation to
water consumption of each activity
C. represents the proportion of water expenditure of each activity with respect to the total
water consumption per day
D. it represents the proportion of water expenditure for each day compared to the total of
water consumption for a month

28. To contribute to the care of natural resources, Carlos intends to reduce

25% of your monthly water consumption. If it meets its purpose, after
In 30 days, the savings in liters is
A. 1012.5
B. 2025
C. 1500
D. 1121.5

15 m
h
47°

29. In the figure, to determine the height of the antenna, the function must be applied.

A. sine, because it relates the measure of the angle, the side opposite to it, and the hypotenuse
B. cosine, because it relates the measure of the angle, the adjacent side to it and the
hypotenuse
C. tangent, because it relates the measure of the angle, the opposite side to it, and the side
adjacent
D. secant, because it relates the measure of the angle, the opposite side, and the angle
complementary

SIM - 300000322 9
Natalia is following a diet that provides her with 1500 calories a day. One of her
lunches are composed as follows.

QUANTITY
FOOD
(in grams)
Vegetable soup 150
Baked turbot 100
Potato 80
Orange 200
Pan 30

Natalia builds a chart to represent the proportion of each food in relation to

total weight of the prepared lunch.

Soup of
Pan, 30 vegetables, 150

Solefish at
Orange, 200
oven, 100

Potato, 80

30. The proposed chart is NOT correct because

A. the values shown represent the percentage and she wants to represent them
grams of each food
B. a data table cannot be graphed in a circular form
C. the values should be displayed as fractions and respect the size of the
proportions
D. In a pie chart, portions cannot be shown for total grams.

Martín has started a new semester at university and besides programming his
classes decide to establish their study habits by defining the activities they will do in
the day, as follows:

In the mornings, he/she reads or does assignments; in the afternoons, he/she researches, plays sports, or works.
part-time; at night he goes out with friends or goes out with his girlfriend.

300000322 10
31. The diagram that represents the possible combinations of the activities that
what Martín can do in a day is

read
to read
Tomorrow
resolve tasks solving tasks
to investigate
to investigate
Morning Afternoon Evening to do sports
A. B.
Afternoon to play sports
work part-time
work part time
hang out with friends
going out with friends going out with a girlfriend
Night
going out with a girlfriend

to read read
Tomorrow Tomorrow
solve tasks resolve tasks

to investigate to investigate

C. Afternoon to play sports D. Afternoon to play sports

work part time work part-time

hang out with friends going out with friends

Night Night
going out with a girlfriend going out with a girlfriend

In the setup of a platform for a public event, the steps want to be decorated.
with an entrance mat. The decoration is required throughout the surface of the
steps excluding the one that rests on the ground and the one that rests on the platform.

20ccm
m

20ccm
m

20ccm
m

50cm

SIM - 300000322 11
32. The decorator asks for 10,000 cm2of 34. If Manuel wishes to place the order
fabric. This amount of material numbers in sets, the scheme
it's correct
A. it is not enough because there would be missing

approximately 1,000 cm2 R

B. is sufficient because son Z Q
exactly 10,000 cm2 A. 5 I
-1 2
C. it's not enough because there would be missing 1 -3 2.3
√4 √7
approximately 4,700 cm2 N 9
2
D. is sufficient y would remain
approximately 700 cm2
R
Observe the following figure and determine the
veracity of the following statements. Z Q
-3
I
B. 1 5
2.3
√4
-1 2 √7
β N 9
2
γ
φ
α R
I. ɤ =β+ᶲ Z 9
Q
II. the complement of β is (90° - α) -3 2 I
C. 1
III. ᶲ is a supplement of ( ɤ + α + β) -1 2.3 √7
4
N 5
2
33. From the above, it can be said that

A. I is true and II and III are false R

B. I, II and III are true
C. I, II, and III are false Z 9
Q
-3 2 I
D. II is true and I and III are false D. 1 2.3 -1
√7 √4

Answer questions 34 and 35 of

N 5
2
agreement with the following information.

Manuel has the following group of [Link] can be found in the section of
different numbers that he cut out from a book geometry a symbol that seems to you
of mathematics: very interesting, this corresponds to the
numberpi(3.14159…); if you add it
5 to the scheme that was previously
2 organized, the subset to which
-1 would belong then
9 2.3
√4 2 A. 4 elements
1 B. 3 elements
√7
-3 C. 2 elements
D. 1 element

SIM - 300000322 12
The following table shows the number of plants and some species of animals that
they live in the 5 countries with the highest biodiversity in the world: Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia,
China and Mexico.
Brazil 53,000
Colombia 41.000
PLANTS Indonesia 35,000
China 28,000
Mexico 26,000
Colombia 733
Brazil 517
Amphibians Ecuador 407
Mexico 284
China 274
Australia 755
Mexico 717
REPTILES Colombia 524
Indonesia 511
Brazil 468
Colombia 1865
Peru 1703
BIRDS Brazil 1622
Ecuador 1559
Indonesia 1531
Brazil 523
Indonesia 515
MAMMALS Mexico 502
China 499
Colombia 471

Towindow of: [Link]

36. Regarding mammals, the average of these per country is

A. 498
B. 502
C. 516
D. 522

37. Regarding the total number of plants, there are approximately in Colombia

A. 20%
B. 22%
C. 25%
D. 27%

SIM - 300000322 13
Observe the following sequence of figures:

?
38. The figure that should be placed in the box marked with the question mark is

A. B.

C. D.

COMPOSITION OF WOOD

The following table shows the approximate percentage distribution of materials that
they constitute a common piece of wood:

Material Percentage
Carbon 50%
Oxygen 42%
Hydrogen 6%
Others 2%

SIM - 300000322 14
From the information in the table, it can be stated that the relationship existing in a piece
of wood between

A. the oxygen and carbon is from 21 to 25

B. hydrogen and carbon is from 6 to 25
C. the carbon and oxygen is from 50 to 6
D. the hydrogen and oxygen is from 6 to 50

Diego takes the temperature (T) in his city for a few hours of the day and records it.
information in the following graph:

T(t)
35º

30º

25º

20 degrees t
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

According to the graph, the function T(t) is increasing.

A. in all his domain

B. in the interval (2, 4)
C. in the interval (1, 3)
D. in the interval (3, 7)

Claudia is organizing an event for her company. She needs to locate her guests.
on tables with capacity for 8 people. The number of guests at the event is shown
in the following table:

Clients 368
Businessmen 146
Employees 270

41. A procedure with which Claudia can find the minimum number of tables.
what is needed to locate all the guests is

A. (368x146x270)/8
B. (368+146+270)x8
C. 368x146x270
D. (368+146+270)/8

SIM - 300000322 15
 ... the new car of the Argentine player has an approximate price
15,090 euros, little compared to his 50,000 euros weekly salary...

42. When Pedro reads the previous text in a newspaper, he claims that said player could
buy weekly, with your salary, 3 cars like the one mentioned. The
Peter's assertion is

A. true, because multiplying 50,000 euros by 3 results in 15,000

Euros which is the approximate value of each car
B. false, because it would be missing approximately 5,000 euros
C. true, because multiplying 15,090 euros by 3 results in
approximately 45,000 euros, which is less than what he earns weekly
D. false, because the approximate cost of the 3 cars is less than what he earns
weekly

The graph represents the profit (g) per delivery by a messenger as a function of distance.
(d), in kilometers, that must be traveled to deliver the merchandise.

Profit
12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Distance
-2000

The courier states that the profit of a shipment depends on the distance, according to the
next equation:
g=24d 2-1200d

43. Is the equation proposed by the messenger correct for relating distance and
the profit?

A. Yes, because the distance traveled is directly proportional to the gain.

B. No, because the equation represents a parabola that opens upwards.
C. Yes, because the profit is constant regardless of the distance traveled.
D. No, because the profit cannot have negative values.

SIM - 300000322 16
44. Lucia and Tobias are looking at a map of the town to find the location of their houses.
and B) and from school (C). If they know that the distance between their houses is 10 km, from
Of the following maps, which shows a possible location for these three places?

A. B.

B C
8 km 8 km

C A
6 km 6 km
A B

C. D.

B C
5 km 5 km

C A
5 km 5 km
A B

According to the following information, answer questions 45 and 46.

A square-based pyramid has a horizontal bridge constructed on one of its faces.

The pyramid and some of its dimensions are shown below:

The length of the bridge is

A. 30 km
B. 12 km
C. 6 km
30 km
30 km D. 4 km

46. If the height of the pyramid is approximately

30 km, its approximate volume in kilometers is
20 km
12 km
12 km
A. 10.800
B. 4.320
C. 1.440
D. 360

SIM - 300000322 17
 NATURAL SCIENCES
FORMULAS THAT CAN BE USEFUL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS TEST

Classical mechanics Total mechanical energyET= Ek+ Eg+ Ee

Kinematics
Impulse I = F (tF
x = vit + 1 at2
2
Amount of motion P = mv
VFVI
a=
t

+
VF2= VI 22ax
Wave events

Uniform circular motion

Average distance
Acceleration

x= ( )
VI+ VF
2
• t a c = =v w2R = 4πRf =
R
2 2 4p2R
T2
(If it is free fall, a=g= 10m/s2)
2pR
v = wR= = 2πR • f
T
Dynamic θ 2p
w = t = t = 2πf
F = ma Second law of Newton
w = mg Weight 1 1
T= f=
Ff= µ N Friction force
f T
µI Coefficient of friction Simple harmonic motion
Fand= - Kx Elastic force
τo =Fd senθ Torque the moment x = A sin (wt) v = - A w cos (wt)
a = -Aw2sen (wt)
Work W = Fx
√ mk (A - x )
W = (F cos q) x 2 2
√k
T = 2π V=
Power P= W
t k
w = √m
Energy
1 1
Kineticsk= mv2 ETKA2 FR= -Kx
2 2
Gravitational potentialEg= mgh T=2π FR= mg sin(q)
1
Elastic potential Ee = Kx2
2

Ec. of Charles V1T2= V2T1

General economics V1P1T2= V2P2T1
State economy PV = nRT
Dalton's Law PT= P1+P2+P3+...Pn
Equations Mass
Mol = Molecular weight
Ideal gases
Boyle's Law V1P1= V2P2 Dilution ec. V1M1= V2M2
Ec. Gay-Lussac P1T2= P2T1 K = °C + 273

SIM - 300000322 18
 The enzymes

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze all biochemical reactions and are
formed by repeated units called amino acids (AA). In humans
There are 20 different amino acids that can be found in proteins, which present
a basic form shared by all (an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and
a hydrogen) and an exclusive part of each amino acid (radical) which is the part that gives it
gives distinctive characteristics to each of them. Besides their importance as
Biological catalysts have many medical and commercial uses.

A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction.

chemistry and by decreasing this energy, the speed of the reaction increases.
Most reactions in living systems are reversible, meaning that in them
the chemical equilibrium is established. Therefore, enzymes accelerate the formation of
chemical equilibrium, but do not affect the final concentrations of the equilibrium.

According to their complexity, enzymes are classified as:

A polypeptide chain
Simple

Two polypeptide chains

Enzymes
protein part Apoenzyme
Conjugated u
Formed by Coenzyme Some vitamins such as
holoenzymes the B complex
non-protein part o
Fe2+, Mg2+,
Cofactor Cu2+, K+,
Na+, Zn2+

Cofactor: Metallic ion that enhances the general catalytic activity of the enzyme; if not
they are present, the enzyme does not act. These metal ions are called activators.

Coenzymes: Coenzymes are low molecular weight organic compounds that are
they require, for example, for adequate cellular respiration.

Factors that affect enzymatic activity

Substrate concentration.- The higher the concentration of the substrate, at a concentration

The maximum speed is obtained from the enzyme. After this is reached
speed, an increase in substrate concentration has no effect on the speed
of the reaction.

Enzyme concentration.- As long as there is substrate available, an increase

In the concentration of the enzyme, the enzymatic speed increases up to a certain limit.

SIM - 300000322 19
Temperature.- An increase of 10 °C doubles the reaction rate, up to a certain point.
limits. Heat is a factor that denatures proteins, therefore if the temperature
If it rises too much, the enzyme loses its activity.

pH. - The optimal pH for enzymatic activity is 7, except for stomach enzymes.
whose optimal pH is acidic.

Presence of cofactors.- Many enzymes depend on cofactors, whether

activators or coenzymes to function properly. For enzymes that have
cofactors, the concentration of the cofactor must be equal to or greater than the concentration of
the enzyme to achieve maximum catalytic activity.

Taken from: <The provided text is a URL and not translatable content.>

47. The exaggerated increase in temperature to exceed the limit is

A. good because it increases the reaction speed of enzymes

B. bad because the enzyme loses stability and denatures
C. good because it allows enzymes to gain stability and function
D. bad because it prevents the enzyme from binding to the substrate

[Link] are

A. proteins that catalyze all biochemical reactions

B. inorganic molecules that slow down chemical reactions
C. set of carbohydrates with high energy content
D. a type of saturated fatty acid soluble in aqueous medium

pH and enzyme activity

Cholinesterase
Chemotrypsin

6 8 10 4 6 8 10
pH pH

Pepsin Papain

2 4 6 4 6 8
pH pH

SIM - 300000322 20
49. According to the graph, we can conclude that the enzyme that performs best
in acidic media it is the

A. chymotrypsin
B. cholinesterase
C. pepsin
D. papain

50. If in an experiment an enzyme that requires a cofactor is used but at

the experimenter forgets to add it, it is possible that

A. The experiment did not work because the cofactors are important and necessary.
for the functioning of the enzyme
B. the experiment works much better because the cofactor inhibits the reactions
enzymatic interactions between the substrate and the enzyme
C. the experiment did not work because the cofactors cause the activation energy
improve the functioning of the enzyme
D. the experiment works much better because the cofactor decreases the energy of
activation for the enzyme to function better

An amino acid profile was created for two proteins using liquid chromatography.
high resolution. The profiles of each protein are shown in the following image where
each peak represents a percentage of a particular amino acid and the position of
Amino acid is specific for each one.
PROTEIN ONE
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20

0.00

PROTEIN OF
2.40

2.00
1.60

1.20
0.80

0.40

0.00
2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 7,00 8,00 9,00 10,00 11,00 12,00 13,00
Minutes

Taken from: <The provided text is a URL and does not contain translatable content.>

SIM - 300000322 21
51. According to the information from the graph, we can conclude that

A. serine amino acid is not present in any of the samples

B. Protein one has a higher amount of proline than protein two.
C. Protein two has a higher amount of lysine than protein one.
D. the two samples have the same amount of cysteine

Taken from: <[Link]

[Link]

Fat-soluble vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in lipids (commonly called fats).

These vitamins are normally absorbed by lipoproteins known as
chylomicrons that travel through the lymphatic system of the small intestine and in the
circulation of blood in our body. These fat-soluble vitamins, especially
Vitamins A and E are stored in the tissues of our body.

Once they have been stored in the tissues of our body, the fat-soluble vitamins
they tend to remain in them. This means that if a person takes too much
The amount of a fat-soluble vitamin will remain present in your body over time.
of time potentially leading to a condition known as
hypervitaminosis, which literally means an excess of vitamins in the body.

Deficiency in this type of vitamin can be caused by poor absorption, interaction

with some medication or low consumption.

SIM - 300000322 22
 Water-soluble vitamins

Unlike fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins dissolve in

water and not in lipids or fats. Because of this, water-soluble vitamins are eliminated
through urine. Since its elimination is very frequent, we need to take
water-soluble vitamins commonly found in our diet.

The groups of vitamins that are water-soluble are the B complex and vitamin C.

Water-soluble vitamins are easily destroyed or removed during preparation.

of food and also in its storage. Proper storage of
Food and its proper preparation can minimize the loss of this type of
vitamins. To reduce the loss of water-soluble vitamins that occurs during storage
foods, refrigerate them if you are not going to consume them fresh and keep them away from light
solar.

When cooking vegetables, you can use the cooking water to prepare soups, as it
Most of the water-soluble vitamins remain in the water that is left after boiling.
the vegetables.

Taken from: <Cannot access the content of the provided URL.>

We can find vitamins more easily in

A. fish and eggs

B. pasta and potatoes
C. vegetables and greens
D. water and soft drinks

53. Vitamin C is a vitamin

A. hydrosoluble because it dissolves easily in water

B. liposoluble because it dissolves in lipids and fats
C. water-soluble because it dissolves in lipids and fats
D. liposoluble because it dissolves easily in water

54. According to the information provided, it is possible to deduce that more are lost.
easily the vitamins

A. water-soluble like vitamins D and K

B. liposoluble like the B complex vitamins
C. water-soluble like the B-complex vitamins
D. fat-soluble like vitamins D and K

SIM - 300000322 23
Based on the following statement, answer questions 55 and 56.

Free body diagrams are sketches or representations that illustrate the

forces acting on a body; some of these forces are:

• Weight (w): The force with which the earth attracts an object.

• Tension (T): it is the force transmitted through a rope, a cable, spring,

among others.

• Friction (Fr): when there is relative motion of one surface with respect to another
it always opposes the direction of the movement.

• Normal (N): when a body rests or is supported on a surface, this

force is perpendicular to the surface.

A block A of mass rests on a block B of mass 2m, and a force is applied

a force F on block B as shown in the figure.

A
F B

55. The free body diagram A is

N N

T
A. T B.

Fr Fr W
W

N N

T
C. T D.

Fr
Fr W
W

SIM - 300000322 24
56. It is correct to state about the friction forces between the blocks that

A. block A experiences a frictional force double that experienced by the

block B
B. it is the same for both blocks
C. block B experiences a frictional force double that experienced by the
block A
D. the frictional force between blocks A and B depends on F

57. There are 3 spheres connected by 3 equal strings.

1
physical characteristics but different lengths as shown
m the figure; of the tensions in the strings it is correct to state that the
2 tension in the string
m
A. 3 is greater than in the other strings because it is the longest.
3 B. 1 depends only on the weight of a sphere
m C. 2 is greater at its bottom than at its top
D. 1 is equal to the weight of the 3 spheres and is independent of their length

Torque is a rotational effect caused by a force acting through a lever.

the lever arm and is represented by T = force x lever arm.

A girl wants to loosen a hard nut as shown in the figure, to make it easier.
work do you recommend

A. lengthen the key

B. lengthen the rope
C. shorten the key
D. shorten the rope

Based on the following statement, answer questions 59 and 60.

Properties of matter

Not all matter is the same, as it has particular characteristics that help us to
identify it and manipulate it; some of these properties are:

- Intensive: they are properties that do not depend on the amount of matter or
substance that is taken.

SIM - 300000322 25
- Extensive properties are those that do depend on the amount of matter.
let's take to analyze.

- Density: it is defined as the ratio between the mass and volume of a substance.
and it is denoted ρ = m .
v
From the density of a substance, we can affirm that it is a property.

A. extensive
B. intensive
C. chemistry
D. electric

60. If the gravitational acceleration of the Moon is approximately 1/6 that of the
Earth, of the density of an object on the Moon compared to its density on the
it is correct to affirm that

A. on the Moon is 6 times greater than on Earth

B. It is the same on the Moon and the Earth
C. on Earth is 6 times greater than on the Moon
D. it is the difference between the weight of the object on Earth and on the Moon

Simple scheme of oxidation-reduction reaction

Reduction

A B The rusted B reduced

Oxidation

61. According to the previous scheme, the main characteristic of oxidation reactions is
reduction is the exchange of electrons between chemical species, since
A. both substances share electrons to balance the total charge of the
reaction
B. one substance gains electrons and the other is responsible for attracting an electron from a
external agent
C. one substance loses electrons and the other gains them in a proportional manner
D. both substances exchange electrons and protons when in a neutral form

SIM - 300000322 26
Answer questions 62 and 63 according to the following information.
The following image shows the process that substances go through
they intervene in a redox reaction, taking into account that on the left side
From scheme A and B, they participate as reactants and on the right side as products.

e— Oxidation
A A
e— Compound A
Agent loses electrons Rusty
reducer

Reduction e—
B Compound B B
gain electrons e—
Agent Reduced
oxidant

Oxidation states

An example of a redox reaction is the following: (+1)(+5)(-2) (+1)(-1) (0) (+2)(-2) (+1)(-2)
HNO3+ HBr Br2+ NO + H2O

62. In the previous chemical equation, the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent
respectively are

A. HBr and HNO3

B. Br2and NO
C. HNO3y HBr
D. NO and Br2

63. The substance HNO3the reduced substance of the reaction is considered because

A. Br gains electrons when changing its oxidation state from -1 to 0 from reactants to
products
B. N gains electrons when going from an oxidation state of +5 to +2 from reactants to
products
C. the O gains electrons by doubling its amount of atoms when moving from reactants to
products
D. H loses electrons as its number of atoms decreases when going from reactants to
products

Answer questions 64 to 68 based on the following text.

There are several types of chemical reactions, including synthesis reactions,

those of decomposition, those of combustion, the exothermic ones and the endothermic ones. These
reactions are defined as follows:

Synthesis: 2 or more simple elements or compounds that combine to form a

more complex compound.

300000322 27
Decomposition: A compound breaks down into elements or simpler compounds.
simple. In this type of reaction, a single reactant is converted into several products.
Combustion: They are characterized by the presence of oxygen among their reactants and generally
produce CO2y H2O.

Exothermic: When a reaction occurs and heat is released in the form of energy.

Endothermic: For the reaction to occur, it needs heat in the form of energy.

Questions 64 and 65.

CaO is one of the most widely used substances in the metallurgical industry. The following
the reaction shows how it occurs:
CaCO3→ CaO + CO2
64. According to the initial text, the previous reaction is considered to be

A. synthesis
B. decomposition
C. combustion
D. oxidation-reduction

The following statements about the previous equation are given:

I. The chemical functions of the substances from left to right in the reaction are
respectively salt oxysalt, basic oxide, and acidic oxide.
II. Within this reaction, there is a compound called calcium carbonate.

65. From these statements, it is concluded that

A. I is false and II is true

B. both are false
C. both are true
D. I is true and II is false

Questions 66 to 68.

Most deodorants and antiperspirants contain aluminum in the form of chlorides.

An example of your reaction is the following:

HCl(ac)+ Al(OH)3(s)→ AlCl3(ac)+ H2O(l)+ energy

66. The stoichiometric coefficients that balance the previous equation,

respectively are

A. 3, 1, 1, 3
B. 3, 2, 1, 6
C. 2, 1, 3, 4
D. 1, 4, 2, 3

SIM - 300000322 28
[Link] to the initial text, the previous equation is of the exothermic type because

A. To occur, the reaction needs to be infused with heat.

B. the reactants change oxidation state when transitioning to the products
C. The 4 hydrogens combine with one oxygen to form water.
D. the reaction releases heat in the form of energy

68. One of the typical products of combustion reactions is H2O. Although

the previous chemical equation has water as a product, it is not considered of
combustion because
A. one of the reactants must be oxygen
B. the presence of chlorine does not cause combustion
C. combustion reactions do not release heat
D. There can be no solid or liquid reagents.
Superconductivity

It is a phenomenon that allows electrical current to flow with no resistance or loss.

of energy in the form of heat. This phenomenon occurs in materials with temperatures
close to absolute zero (0 K). Some applications of superconductivity are:

- The magnetic resonances used to detect weak fields

electromagnetic waves generated by the brain.
- The development of microprocessors to increase the speed of computers.
69. The physical principle of superconductivity is the conservation of
A. dough
B. temperature
C. energy
D. current
70. The following statements are available
I. The magnitude of the brain's magnetic fields increases as their
temperature.
II. Heat and electrical conductivity are proportional quantities.
A. I and II are true
B. I is true and II is false
C. I and II are false
D. I is false and II is true
71. The lines of knowledge that are directly benefited by the
superconductivity are

I. electronics II. literature III. medicine IV. anthropology

A. I and II
B. II and IV
C. I and III
D. II and III

SIM - 300000322 29
 OPEN QUESTIONS

Answer the following questions on your answer sheet, with clear handwriting and
without leaving the provided box.

Sweets, oil, butter Calcium, vitamin D,

and fats (small amount) vitamin B-12

Milk, yogurt, and cheese Meat, chicken, eggs,

nuts
Nutrients are substances
(2 to 3 servings)
(2 to 3 servings) that are found in the
Vegetables foods that we consume
Fruit
(3 to 5 servings) daily. These must be
(2 to 4 servings)
consumed in proportions
Bread and Rice and pasta determined to avoid their
cereals
deficit or excess.

Water

72. According to the above, what are the foods that cannot be consumed?
in excess?

O2 water vapor light / heat

H2O
reaction
CH4 combustion
methane
CO2 H 2O
carbon dioxide

73. There are many reactions that can be of several types at the same time, one
of those cases is the chemical equation that is graphed in the previous image, whose
classification is considered of

SIM - 300000322 30
 ENGLISH
IDENTIFICATION OF PLACES

74. 76.

NOTICE VOTE
NO SWIMMING OR HERE
TRESPASSING WHEN
POOL IS CLOSED [Link] an airplane
POLICE TAKE NOTICE [Link] a night club
C. in a polling place
[Link] • 800-952-1457 •S-7796

[Link] a swimming pool 77.

[Link] a river
[Link] a water fall WARNING
75. HOT OIL
! DANGER A. in a city hall
B. in a police station
C. in a kitchen of a restaurant

78.
WARNING

SMOKING
Alligators
Present CAN KILL YOU.
In a river [Link] a box of cigarettes
[Link] a cinema [Link] a tuna can
C. in a library C. on an electrical appliance

SIM - 300000322 31
 VOCABULARY 86. How are you finding your room?

79. A small planetary body in orbit around A. It's too small.

the Sun, larger than a meteoroid but B. I found it in the bathroom.
smaller than a planet. C. Very pleased.
80. A small particle of rock or dust
87. Who is the new sales manager?
that burns away in the Earth ’s
atmosphere.
A. In Venezuela.
81. A celestial body orbiting a star that [Link] Since last year.
massive enough to be rounded by its C. Alejandro's wife.
own gravity.
What time did the plane land?
82. A gigantic ball of ice and rock that
orbits the Sun in a highly eccentric A. At seven.
orbit.
B. Seven times.
A giant ball of hot gas that creates C. The seventh time.
and emits its own radiation through
nuclear fusion. INCOMPLETE TEXTS

What are carnivorous plants?

[Link]
[Link]
Carnivorous plants are predatory
[Link]
flowering plants that__89__animals
[Link]
in order to derive nutrition from 90
[Link]
bodies. They share three attributes that
[Link]
operate together and separate
[Link]
from other plants.
[Link]
Carnivorous plants:

Capture and kill prey.

CONVERSATIONS
a mechanism to facilitate
digestion of the prey.
Did you go to the conference last?
3. Derive a significant benefit from
week?
nutrients assimilated from the prey.
A. In Barranquilla.
B. It lasted three days. To put it in more human terms,
C. carnivorous plants eat things like
I couldn’t make it.
insects, spiders, crustaceans and other
Would you excuse me a moment? small soil and water-living invertebrates
and protozoans, lizards, mice, rats, and
A. After the meeting. other small vertebrates. Carnivorous
B. Yes, sure. plants pull this trick using
C. Nice to meet you. specialized leaves that__94__as

SIM - 300000322 32
traps. Many traps lure prey with bright colors, extra-floral nectaries, guide hairs,
and/or leaf extensions. Once caught and killed, the prey is digested by the plant and/or
partner organisms. The plant then absorbs the nutrients made available from the corpse.
Most carnivorous plants will grow without consuming prey but they grow much faster and
reproduce much__96__with nutrients derived from their prey.

ToFrom: [Link]

89. 91. 93. 95.

A. create A. them A. off A. lure
B. kill B. us B. over B. reject
C. discover C. him C. for C. repulse

90. 92. 94. 96.

A. its A. Had A. acts A. good
B. their B. Has B. act B. best
C. his C. Have C. acted C. better

TEXT COMPREHENSION

Paleontology

People have been very interested in fossil bones for a very long time. The ancient Chinese
thought fossil bones were the bones of magical dragons. The fossil bones were ground
up and used as medicine. There are many stories that have come from people trying to
explain why bones became stuck in rock. Perhaps the story of Medusa, a creature so
ugly she could turn people to stone just by looking at them, comes from ancient Greeks
looking at fossil bones stuck in rock. Perhaps the legends of giants come from people
finding giant sized bones.

Some of the earliest attempts of using fossils in a scientific way come from China and
Ancient Greece. The Chinese naturalist, Shen Kou, used bamboo fossils to show climate.
changes. He found fossilized bamboo in places that, at his time, were too dry for bamboo
to live. An even earlier Greek philosopher, Xenophanes, found fossilized sea shells on dry
land, concluding that the dry land must have been covered by water at some time.

Towindow of: [Link]

97. Ancient Chinese and Greeks associated fossil bones with

A. aliens.
B. mythical creatures.
C. foreign cultures.

SIM - 300000322 33
98. It is likely that the idea of giants in the popular folklore comes from

A. the discovery of huge bones.

B. the imagination of people in ancient societies.
C. religious beliefs.

99. How did Shen Kou demonstrate climate changes in his time?

A. He noticed bamboo fossils in dry places where bamboo could not survive.
B. By unearthing bamboo stalks in wetlands.
C. He found fossilized bamboo in places suitable for the plant development.

The finding of sea shells on dry land made Xenophanes conclude that:

A. Animals with sea shells managed to survive on dry land.

B. Something carried the sea shells from the sea to the dry land.
C. Water bodies existed there a long time ago.

101. The fossil bones were

A. burned and the ashes were kept in urns

B. used as decor in necklaces
C. ground up and used as medicine

102. In which countries was there a first scientific approach regarding fossils?

A. China and Ancient Greece

B. Japan and Russia
C. North Korea and South Korea

103. Shen Kou and Xenophanes were respectively

A. an economist and an anthropologist

B. a naturalist and a philosopher
C. a paleontologist and an archaeologist

Antioquia

Antioquia is Colombia’s most populated state and one of the most important economic
centers of the country. The state has approximately 6.5 million inhabitants of which more
than half live in the metropolitan area of the state capital Medellín. Antioquia is Colombia’s
second largest economy due to a long history of international economic activity due to its
production of coffee and flowers, both among the country’s top export products. The city
of Medellín stimulated this economic development in the first half of the 20th century when
converting itself to a major exporter of textiles. Antioquia has a number of Colombia’s most
prominent tourist attractions and is home to several cultures and indigenous peoples.

SIM - 300000322 34
Archaeologists have found evidence that the region now called Antioquia was first inhabited.
by humans around 13,000 BC in the northern region and 8,000 BC in the mountainous
south of the state. The region traditionally was inhabited by tribes belonging to the Caribe
and Chibcha peoples. At the time of the Spanish conquest of Colombia in the 16th
century, particularly the Chibcha people gained notoriety for their alleged homosexual
and cannibal practices.

Tosource from: [Link]

104. What type of text is this?

A. Narrative
B. Argumentative
C. Expository
D. Directive

105. From the text we can infer that in Medellín there are about

A. more than 3.25 million people.

B. less than 3 million people.
C. 12 million people.
D. 6.5 million people.

106. Which products from Antioquia can a foreigner probably buy in another country?

A. potatoes, manioc roots, and beans.

B. coal, natural gas, and salt.
C. emeralds, diamonds, and gold.
D. textiles, flowers, and coffee.

107. The word "mountainous" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

A. even
B. highland
C. wild
D. flat

108. Which tribes inhabited the region now called Antioquia?

A. Olmec and Maya

B. Caribe and Chibcha
C. Arawak and Caribe
D. Chibchan and Aztec

SIM - 300000322 35
 INCOMPLETE TEXTS One of their gods was Quetzalcoatl, the
‘ Feathered Serpent ’ and they had other
Double-Headed Serpent serpent gods 117. Snakes shed
their skins each year, perhaps suggesting
rebirth and change to the Aztecs. Also
a snake slithers with 118 between
ground, water and forest trees - just as a
God might move between earth, water and
sky.

Towindow of: [Link]

primaryhistory/worldhistory/double_headed_serpent/

109. 114.

In [Link]
This snake with two heads is 43 cm long
[Link] [Link]
from nose to nose, and was worn__109__
[Link] [Link]
the chest, probably by an important
[Link] [Link]
person during a religious ceremony. It
was between 1400 and 1500 by
110. 115.
the people we call Aztecs, but who called
Mexica (say 'Meh-shee-ka').
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
The double-headed snake looks as if it’s [Link] [Link]
made of stone, but is actually made of
[Link] [Link]
wood covered with mosaic - small pieces
of coloured stone. This mosaic is made 111. 116.
turquoise (a bluish mineral)
stuck on the wooden base with tree-resin [Link] [Link]
gum. Oyster shell was used for the red [Link] [Link]
around the snakes ’ heads, and conch [Link] [Link]
shell for__113__white teeth. The eye [Link] [Link]
sockets still have traces of beeswax,
showing where the snakes’ eyes, possibly 112. 117.
made from gold-colored iron pyrites,
were stuck in. The snakes' heads have [Link] [Link]
mosaic both sides. The back of the coiling [Link] [Link]
body is undecorated, though originally it [Link] [Link]
was probably gold. [Link] [Link]
People are often scared of snakes, even 113. 118.
though most of the reptiles are
harmless. To many ancient peoples, the [Link] [Link]
snake was a symbol of magical power, [Link] Easier
mysterious and deadly. To the Aztecs, [Link] [Link]
snakes were important in art and religion. [Link] [Link]

SIM - 300000322 36