Literary periodsThese are the different periods in which it has developed.

literature throughout the history of humanity.

1. Preclassic period: (19th century BC > 8th century BC) Traditionally, this period is considered
mythical time, that is, man tries to explain the origin of the universe, of the world
and of man through the intervention of supernatural beings. They are recognized as
characteristics of this period expressed in literature, the concern
of man by nature, the explanation of natural phenomena, the relationship between
man and God, the origin of peoples, the moral norms for behavior
of man and the conservation of the traditions, uses, and customs of these peoples. In
During this period, myths, legends, fables, and some works that would later emerge are born.
shapes what we today call epics and epic songs. The literary development of this
this period occurs mainly in the countries of the East: China, India, and in the Middle East,
especially Egypt and Judea.

2. Classical era: (8th century B.C. ---> 3rd century A.D.) corresponds to the development of the
Greek and Latin cultures. During this period, there is a concern to try to explain
a rational way to man, the world, and the universe, well-defined characteristics that
they can be synthesized as follows: likewise, the literary expression corresponds to the
refined use of the predominant languages; hence the literature produced by the culture
classic acquires some
Balance between form and content, that is, between expression and message, use
awareness of literary resources, concern for the separation or classification of the
different types of works, the description of human prototypes, the narration of events
heroic that reflects the duty and being of the people that originate them. In this period, literature
achieves a high degree of development, especially in Greece where two of the most appear
great epics of universal literature: 'The Iliad' and 'The Odyssey' epic works that
they blend legendary, mythical, unreal facts about the origins of the Greek people that
Thanks to modern research, it has been possible to verify in some way (by
example: the real existence of Troy, site where according to the epic the events unfold
narrated facts.
3. Medieval period (late 3rd century to 14th century) after the fall of
Western Roman Empire, the Christianity of the West is consolidated and all the
cultural manifestations correspond to the religious ideals inherent to Christianity:
the transience of life, the contemplation of God, customs coherent with morality
religious, generally a theocentric view that encompasses all human activities.
For the above reason, most literary manifestations propose the ideal
religious. However, the popular and the cultured mix, which will create a curious symbiosis.
between paganism and religion. During this period, literature manifests itself in two ways
different: A cultured literature to which the conservation of ancient texts is owed,
performed by clerics and corresponds to the so-called 'Mester de clerecía'; and another, performed
by the people based on oral tradition, customs, myths, legends that we know
like 'Mester de juglaría' in which popular imagination and creativity are experienced.
It is important to note that during this period, the vernacular languages are formed in Europe.
As a product of literary development, the epic songs appear.

4. Renaissance period (14th and 15th centuries) new ideas that developed slowly over
end of the medieval period as well as new geographical discoveries gave rise to the
called the Renaissance in which the theocentric vision of the Middle Ages is replaced by the
anthropocentric characteristic of that period. A movement called appears
Humanism that broadened the vision of man and the world. During this period, all flourished.
the arts, it is enough to name painting, architecture and of course literature. The
Greco-Roman models are emulated and renewed especially in poetry and in
narrative; the advent of the modern novel is being prepared. Belonging to this period
the great epic poems that recount the feats of heroes and the deeds of the
great explorers, for example "The Lusiads" which has as its theme the expedition
from Vasco da Gama. Figures that seem to be considered within this period
disparate like Francesco Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli, Leonardo da
Vinci, William Shakespeare among others. In poetry, important contributions are made such as the
sonnet and the meters introduced by Petrarch.

5. Baroque period (16th and 17th centuries) baroque art is fundamentally characterized by
due to the excess of adornment, the use of literary figures, the convoluted forms and in
some cases of hermeticism in the language. Although the baroque existed throughout Europe and
it fundamentally developed as religious art like cathedrals, it is also found
in literature, especially Spanish literature where two major branches are configured: the
conceptism and culteranism, which we will talk about later. Likewise,
the figure of Miguel de Cervantes and his work "The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha" appears
Mancha, considered as the first modern novel.
6. Neoclassical period (late 17th century and part of the 18th century) neoclassicism is
based on the imitation of classical models. However, the era is
dominated by Reason. This makes possible the pedagogical ideal of literature: to teach to
through her. Genres such as fable and essay flourish; balance is maintained
between the content and the form of expression. Furthermore,
the adventure novel appears, classic French theater develops, and the
ideas of the Enlightenment, the Illustration, and the Encyclopedia that will later give rise to the
Romanticism.

7. Romantic period (late 18th century and 19th century). Literary Romanticism encompasses
the period between approximately 1790 and 1830, although in America
extended until the end of the century due to its late emergence because of the wars
independence. The emergence of this literary school is largely due to its dissemination
of the ideas of the Enlightenment, the Enlightenment and the Encyclopedia that had preceded the
French Revolution. The romantic spirit exalts subjectivism, the predominance of the
feelings about reason, the breaking of norms. For the romantics, the literary work
it did not necessarily have to be in accordance with reality; but to concretize the
mood states of the writer. At that moment, the content, the message is more important than
the form. The author evades reality and takes refuge in his own 'self'; this does not stop him
to have a critical attitude towards society.

8. Modernist period (late 19th century and early 20th century) The literary period
modernism is linked to the pursuit of formal perfection, therefore it evades the
reality refers to fantastic worlds, princesses, remote landscapes. From that
conception, the so-called 'art for art's sake' emerges. In modernism, form prevails.
about the content. Despite the fleeting nature of time, modernism is considered a
literary school. The development of modernism especially occurred in poetry.

Postmodernist or avant-garde era (From the second decade of the 20th century until
our days) This period is marked by the intense development of technique and the
production methods inherited from the second half of the 19th century and those typical of
technological development of the early 20th century: the automobile, photography, the phonograph, the
armament, etc. The development of socialist ideas, the emergence of psychoanalysis, the
world wars, the new theories about language expressed in different
intellectual currents such as that put forward by Ferdinand de Saussure, according to which the
Words are mere signs with which we express reality and that do not coincide with
the essence of objects, but are placed arbitrarily by each culture, made
possible new forms of artistic expression that incorporated the new
discoveries and conflicts in various movements, collectively called
vanguardism
INTRODUCTION

What are literary periods? They are the different periods in which
how literature has developed throughout history of the
humanity. Throughout time, there have been various eras.
literary and each of them has different characteristics, they have
there have existed nine types of literary periods, which are: The period
preclásica, clásica, medieval, renacentista, barroca, neoclásica,
romantic, modernist and the post-modern or avant-garde period,
They all have a purpose, increasingly more knowledge.
Everything begins in the Preclassic period, in this time man tries
to explain the origin of the universe, the world, and man himself to
through supernatural beings, the literary development of this era
mainly resides in China, India, and the Middle East,
especially Egypt and Judea. During this period, myths are born, the
legends, the fables, and some works that would later shape what
that we today call epics and epic songs

subsequently comes the Classical period, which occurs in the 7th century BC.
3rd century AD, during this time there was a concern about trying to
find the logical origin of man, the world, and the universe: thus
the literary expression corresponds to the refined use of the
predominant languages; therefore, the literature produced by culture
classical acquires some
Balance between form and content, that is, between expression and the
message, conscious use of literary resources, concern for
the separation or classification of the different types of works,
description of human prototypes, the narration of heroic deeds
that reflect the duty of the people that originate them

Then comes the medieval period, during which literary writings

they were more focused on the religious, it is something complex that encompasses
from the sacred to the profane, a cause of the great
the spatial and temporal amplitude of this period makes it difficult to talk about
medieval literature in general terms without falling into
simplifications the works related to theology were the type of
dominant literature during the medieval age theclearcatholicit was the
intellectual center of society in this era, which is why its
literary production was, by far, the most productive. There was a
book titled TheGolden LegendofSantiago of the Vorágine
it reached such popularity that, in its time, it was probably read
more often than theBible.
1. Renaissance period The Renaissance literature is part of a
more general movement of theRenaissancewhat experiences theculture
westernin the15th centuryyXVI, although its first
manifestations can be observed in theItalyof the
centuriesXIIIyXIVIt is characterized by recovery.humanistof
theclassical literaturegrecolatinase spreads with great strength thanks to the
invention of theprinting presstowards1450.New ones are also developed
genders (such as theessay) and metric models (among which stands out
thesonnetas a strophic form and theeleven-syllableas a type of verse.

This is also the Baroque era, which is characterized by the evolution of

the ideas and thematic and formal aspects of theRenaissance. Al
Initially, the term 'baroque' was used more for the arts
plastics, it is in the1820sWhen does one start talking about Baroque?
literary, although its period of influence is located between the 16th centuries
and XVII giving the idea that the movement affected not only the forms
plastic arts, but also to literary forms. Even more importantly,
to assume the existence of a literary baroque means to assume the baroque
as an ideological movement, not only formal and see its
deep relationship with the Counter-Reformation. However, this led to
some much further, denying their relationship with the Renaissance and
presenting it as a confronting movement, which it is not either
true.

Neoclassical era, Neoclassicism occurs in Europe in the 18th century

France's literary process had evolved from the spirit
broad Renaissance, to a purified and narrow conception of art,
seeking balance and a moral purpose, based on reason France
Unlike Spain, it was going through a period of great development.
politician under the reign of Louis XIV. Spain, on the other hand, had
to face the harsh experience of the end of the Habsburgs (Kings)
Some of its characteristics are:
1. The work must have an educational-moral purpose, that is to say, its aim is the
teaching.
2. Lyrical works should present more universal themes and leave the
merely subjective, intimate, and emotional.
3. Reason must govern neoclassical literature.
4. Refined language, banishing familiar or picturesque terms,
unsuitable for poetry. At the same time, purity and clarity are sought.
language, and the simplicity in style.
Romantic Era. The literature of Romanticism was a movement
literary movement that began in the late 18th century (around 1770) in Germany,
that spread and was cultivated throughout Europe until the late 19th century and
which continues to exert its influence to this day. This
the movement opposed the expansive industrial capitalism and the
Enlightened Rationalism. Among its main characteristics are
they find the constant presence of pre-industrial themes such as the
nature, Greco-Roman and medieval myths. It also
characterized by the constant search for originality as a
way to counter the professionalization of the artist and the
conversion of the work of art into a commodity, given that the
professional writers made use of writing techniques
generic, effective in the market.
Among the most prominent romantic authors are:Johann
Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Friedrich Gottlieb
Klopstock, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, William
WordsworthyEdgar Allan Poe

Modernist era, the term modernism refers to a movement

literary that developed between the years 1880-1920,
fundamentally in the field ofpoetry, that was characterized
for an ambiguous creative rebellion, a narcissistic refinement and
aristocratic, theculturalismcosmopolitanand a deep
aesthetic renewal of language and meter. In certain aspects
its echo is perceived in movements and in subsequent currents. In
The roots of Modernism have a deep disagreement with the
bourgeois civilization. In certain senses, it is about a
heir current of thePost-Romanticismdecimononic, to which it gives
a kind of outlet, and in the other arts this aesthetics is
plasma in the forms of theart
new(en BelgiumyFrance), Modern
StyleEngland), Secession(enAustria), Art NouveauAlema
niayNordic countries), LibertyStates
United), FloralItaly), Modernism
artistic(inSpainandHispano-America).
The main features of modernism are:

The rejection of everyday reality, before which the writer can

fleeing through time (evoking past and better times) or in the
space (many of the poems are set in exotic places)
and distant).

An aristocratic attitude and certainpreciousnessin the style, like this

like the pursuit of formal perfection (inspired by
parnasiana) which is appreciated not without a certain individualism.

Alternation between melancholy tone and vitality.

The search for beauty is achieved through very images.

plastics and approach to the arts, of an adjective with
predominance of color and with images related to all the
senses, as well as with the musicality produced by the abuse of
thealliteration, the marked rhythms and the use of
thesynaesthesia(influences of symbolism).

Both fidelity to the great classical verses and the

variations on metric molds, using verses
medieval like theAlejandrino, thedodecasyllableand thedodecasyllable;
with contributions of new variants to thesonnet.

The use of themythologyand thesensualism.

A lexical renewal with use

ofHelenism, cultismsyGallicisms, that I wasn't looking for so much
precision like the prestige or rarity of the word.

The innovative desire that aspired to the perfection appreciated in the

European literature.

The adaptation of themetricCastilian to Latin. Rubén Darío

renew the metric with verses of nine, twelve, or fourteen syllables,
that seemed to be forgotten.

The cult of formal perfection, with serene and balanced poetry.

Postmodernismpostmodernistemerges in the period
immediately following theWorld War II(after
1945), being the utmost attempt to overcome the project
modernist, a project that failed in its attempt to renew from a
radically shaped the forms of art established up to that moment,
that is, traditional or formal forms. As for
literary postmodernism, and even being a discipline that is hardly
definable, it is simultaneously a negation and an affirmation of the
modernist paradigm. We say this because while
he wants to know the implicit ideas in modernist literature, it does not have
repairs to continue with the experimentation regarding structure
narrative initiated by modernist writers.
Characteristics: The fictional nature of fiction highlights its character.
fiction of literature, where the real has no place.

CONCLUSION

We could conclude that each era is of great importance.

for literature, each of the literary periods has as
finally contributing knowledge and in each one the way is being refined
to express knowledge and messages.