Demo Questions for the Medical Image Processing

1.​ Explain the physical principles behind MRI image formation and how they differ from CT
imaging. How do these differences affect the types of tissues and pathologies that can
be visualized with each modality? Include a discussion of the advantages and limitations
of each technique.
2.​ Describe the process of image segmentation in medical imaging and compare three
different algorithmic approaches: region growing, active contours (snakes), and
watershed segmentation. Provide specific examples of clinical applications where each
method would be most appropriate.
3.​ Analyze the role of image registration in medical imaging workflows. Explain the
difference between rigid, affine, and deformable registration techniques, and discuss
scenarios where each type would be most appropriate. What metrics are commonly
used to evaluate registration quality?
4.​ Detail the process of constructing a 3D volume from a series of 2D medical image slices.
What challenges arise during this process, and how can they be addressed? Include a
discussion of interpolation methods and their impact on the final reconstructed volume.
5.​ Explain how the DICOM standard facilitates medical image storage, retrieval, and
exchange. What metadata is typically included in DICOM files, and why is this
information critical for clinical use? Discuss any limitations of the DICOM standard and
how they might be addressed.
6.​ Compare and contrast spatial domain filtering and frequency domain filtering techniques
for medical image enhancement. Provide examples of specific filters in each domain and
explain when each approach would be most beneficial for different medical imaging
tasks.
7.​ Describe the principles of Computed Tomography (CT) image reconstruction from
projection data. Compare filtered backprojection with iterative reconstruction methods,
discussing the advantages and limitations of each approach. How do these different
reconstruction methods affect image quality and radiation dose?
8.​ Explain the concept of image texture analysis in medical imaging. Detail three different
methods for extracting texture features and discuss how these features can be used for
tissue characterization and disease classification. Provide specific clinical examples.
9.​ Discuss the challenges associated with handling noise in medical images. Compare
different denoising techniques including Gaussian filtering, anisotropic diffusion, and
 wavelet-based methods. How do you evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques
while ensuring preservation of clinically relevant details?
10.​Explain the role of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in medical image
segmentation. Detail the architecture and function of U-Net and compare it with
traditional segmentation methods. What unique challenges arise when applying deep
learning to medical image segmentation tasks?
11.​Describe the process of feature extraction in medical image analysis. Compare
handcrafted features with those automatically learned by deep learning networks.
Provide examples of specific features that might be relevant for different diagnostic
tasks.
12.​Discuss the ethical and regulatory considerations in developing and deploying AI
systems for medical image analysis. How do issues such as data privacy, algorithm
transparency, and clinical validation impact the implementation of these technologies in
healthcare settings?
13.​Explain the principles of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and how it differs from
conventional MRI. How is the diffusion tensor calculated from raw data, and what
information can be derived from it? Discuss the clinical applications of DTI, particularly in
neuroimaging.
14.​Detail the process of quantitative analysis in medical imaging. Explain how imaging
biomarkers are identified, validated, and used in clinical practice. Provide three
examples of quantitative biomarkers derived from different imaging modalities and
discuss their clinical significance.
15.​Compare different performance metrics used to evaluate medical image segmentation
algorithms (e.g., Dice coefficient, Jaccard index, Hausdorff distance). When would you
choose one metric over another? How do these metrics relate to clinical utility?
16.​Explain the concept of transfer learning in the context of medical image analysis. What
are the advantages and potential pitfalls of using pre-trained networks for medical
applications? Provide examples of successful transfer learning applications in medical
imaging.
17.​Discuss the challenges in medical image analysis related to dataset biases and class
imbalance. What techniques can be employed to address these issues? How do these
challenges impact the generalizability of algorithms to diverse patient populations?
18.​Detail the process of multimodal image fusion in medical imaging. Explain different
fusion methodologies and discuss how combining information from multiple imaging
 modalities (such as PET-CT or MRI-PET) enhances diagnostic accuracy. What
computational challenges arise in multimodal fusion?
19.​Explain the principles and clinical applications of perfusion imaging. Compare different
techniques for measuring tissue perfusion across imaging modalities (CT, MRI,
ultrasound). How are quantitative perfusion parameters calculated, and what do they
indicate about tissue function?
20.​Describe the role of medical image processing in precision medicine. How can advanced
image analysis techniques contribute to personalized diagnosis, treatment planning, and
outcome prediction? Provide specific examples from oncology, neurology, or cardiology
applications.