IO EXCEPTION MUST BE CATCHED
Opened streams must be closed in the finaly bloc
Byte & Character Stream :
Commun methods : read/write/close
read returns int & write receives int
Byte Stream : FileInputStream/ FileOutputStream (String path)
o Limited to one byte character
Character Streams : FileReader/FileWriter (String path)
o Limited to two bytes character
BufferedStream :
Byte & Character Stream are unbuffered I/O, This means each read or write request is
handled directly by the underlying OS. This can make a program much less efficient, since
each such request often triggers disk access, network activity, or some other operation that
is relatively expensive.
Buffered input streams read data from a memory area known as a buffer; the native input
API is called only when the buffer is empty. Similarly, buffered output streams write data to a
buffer, and the native output API is called only when the buffer is full.
BufferedInputStream receives a FileInputStream construct as parameter (idem for Writer)
BufferedReader receives a FileReader constructor as parameter (idem for Writer)
It often makes sense to write out a buffer at critical points, without waiting for it to fill. This is
known as flushing the buffer, we can flush a buffer using the method flush or in some case
there is a autoflush in some buffered class, specified by an optional constructor argument.
When autoflush is enabled, certain key events cause the buffer to be flushed
Scanner :
receives buffered Stream, it’s useful for breaking down formatted input into tokens and
translating individual tokens according to their data type.
methods :
o hasNext() or hasNextTYPE()
o next or nextTYPE() ;
o useLocale([Link]) and useDelimiter(regex)
Formated output :
Methods [Link](string,args...) (it’s simillar to C’s printf except that we use %n to
return to line instead of \n.
o In the Java programming language, the \n escape always generates the linefeed
character (\u000A). Don't use \n unless you specifically want a linefeed character. To
get the correct line separator for the local platform, use %n.
some of the format specifiers :
o d formats an integer value as a decimal value.
o f formats a floating point value as a decimal value.
o n outputs a platform-specific line terminator.
o x formats an integer as a hexadecimal value.
o s formats any value as a string.
o tB formats an integer as a locale-specific month name.
Note: Except for %% and %n, all format specifiers must match an argument. If they don't, an exception is
thrown.
Example :
[Link]("%f, %1$+020.10f %n", [Link]);
Ouputs : 3.141593, +00000003.1415926536
We can also specify < to match the same argument as the previous specifier. Thus the example could have
said: [Link]("%f, %<+020.10f %n", [Link]);
Console :
[Link] returns an object of type Console if the console exists, else it returns Null
we can use readLine(String prompt) and readPassword(String prompt) on the console Object
DATA Streams (Write primitive data and String values to binary file)
all data streams classes implement either DataInput or DataOuput interface
the most widely-used classes are DataInputStream and DataOutPutStream
All implementations of DataInput methods use EOFException instead of return values.
Constructor : DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(dataFile))); (or Input)
Methods :
o Writing data : writeDouble,writeInt,writeUTF (String in a modified form of UTF-8.)
o Reading data : ReadDouble,readInt,readUTF
DataStreams uses one very bad programming technique: it uses floating point numbers to
represent monetary values. In general, floating point is bad for precise values. It's particularly bad
for decimal fractions, because common values (such as 0.1) do not have a binary representation.
The correct type to use for currency values is [Link]
Object Streams (serialization)
Methods : writeObject and readObject
If readObject() doesn't return the object type expected, attempting to cast it to the correct
type may throw a ClassNotFoundException.
source : Oracle’s java tutorial.
