Oral Communication in Context
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
The Functions, Nature, and Process of Communication
Communication: Definition, Nature, and Functions
Definition of Communication
Communication is the process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person
to another. This can occur across channels, contexts, media, and cultures, and includes both
verbal (spoken or written) and nonverbal (gestures, facial expressions, body language) forms.
— McCornack, 2014
Nature of Communication
It is a process: Communication happens in a series of steps involving a sender, message,
medium, and receiver.
It involves interaction: It requires at least two people actively engaging.
It can be verbal or nonverbal: Spoken, written, gestures, facial expressions, tone of voice,
etc.
It can be intentional or unintentional: We communicate even without speaking (e.g., body
language).
Functions of Communication
Function Description Example
Regulation or Control Used to influence or direct “Take your medicine before
behavior. you go to bed.”
Social Interaction Builds relationships and social “Would you like to go to
bonds. church with me?”
Motivation Encourages or inspires people “You’re on the right track.
to act. Keep up the good work.”
Emotional Expression Shares feelings and emotions. “I’m so happy to have you in
my life.”
Information Gives or receives data, facts, “The Philippine Normal
or knowledge. University was founded in
1901.”
🔹 Quick Tips
• Communication is not just talking; it includes listening, observing, and responding.
• Effective communication requires clarity, active listening, and appropriate expression.
• Both sender and receiver play active roles in making communication successful.
The Process of Communication
The communication process is a continuous cycle that allows people to exchange messages
effectively. Understanding each element in the process helps improve communication and avoid
misunderstandings.
Steps in the Communication Process:
1. The speaker (sender) develops an idea to communicate.
2. The speaker encodes the idea into words, gestures, or other symbols.
3. The message is sent through a medium (channel), such as speaking, writing, or digital
communication.
4. The receiver receives and decodes the message.
5. The receiver sends feedback to the sender.
At any point, **noise** may interfere with communication, causing misunderstanding.
Elements of Communication:
a. Sender
- The originator of the message.
- Example: A teacher planning a lecture.
b. Message
- The content the sender wants to share.
- Example: “Submit your homework by Friday.”
c. Encoding
- Converting ideas into a form that can be communicated.
- Example:Writing an email to a coworker.
d. Channel (Medium)
- The method used to transmit the message.
- Example:Telephone call, text message, face-to-face talk.
e. Receiver
- The person for whom the message is intended.
- Example:* A student listening to instructions.
f. Decoding
- Interpreting the message.
- Example: Understanding that “Bring an umbrella” means it might rain.
g. Feedback
- The receiver’s response to the message.
- Example: Nodding in agreement or replying via email.
h. Noise
- Any interference in the process.
Physical: Loud background noise.
Physiological: Being tired or sick.
