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Week 1 Dbms

The document provides examples of various SQL functions related to character manipulation, date handling, and data type conversion. It includes functions like ASCII, CONCAT, INITCAP, ADD_MONTHS, CURRENT_DATE, and TO_CHAR, demonstrating their usage and expected outputs. Each function is illustrated with a SQL query and its result from a dual table in a database context.

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6 views3 pages

Week 1 Dbms

The document provides examples of various SQL functions related to character manipulation, date handling, and data type conversion. It includes functions like ASCII, CONCAT, INITCAP, ADD_MONTHS, CURRENT_DATE, and TO_CHAR, demonstrating their usage and expected outputs. Each function is illustrated with a SQL query and its result from a dual table in a database context.

Uploaded by

24071a66f6
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHARACTER FUNCTIONS

1. select ascii('a') from dual;


ASCII('A')
----------
97

2. select chr('100') from dual;


C
-
D

3. select concat('hello','world') from dual;


CONCAT('HE
----------
Helloworld

4. select initcap('database management systems') from dual;


INITCAP('DATABASEMANAGEMENT
---------------------------
Database Management Systems

5. select instr('character','h') from dual;


INSTR('CHARACTER','H')
----------------------
2

6. select length('dual table') from dual;


LENGTH('DUALTABLE')
-------------------
10

7. select lower('Schema and INSTANCE') from dual;


LOWER('SCHEMAANDINS
-------------------
schema and instance

8. select upper('datatype') from dual;


UPPER('D
--------
DATATYPE

9. select rpad('primary',8,'A') from dual;


RPAD('PR
--------
primaryA

10. select lpad('primary',8,'A') from dual;


LPAD('PR
--------
Aprimary

11. select replace('jack and jond','j','bl') from dual;


REPLACE('JACKAN
---------------
black and blond

12. select translate('jack and jond','j','bl') from dual;


TRANSLATE('JA
-------------
back and bond

DATE FUNCTIONS
1. SQL> select add_months(date '2025-09-15',1) from dual;
ADD_MONTH
---------
15-OCT-25

2. SQL> select current_date from dual;


CURRENT_D
---------
21-JUL-25

SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE
---------
21-JUL-25

SQL> select current_timestamp from dual;

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
21-JUL-25 15.41.16.427000 +05:30

SQL> select extract(day from date '2025-12-02') from dual;

EXTRACT(DAYFROMDATE'2025-12-02')
--------------------------------
2

SQL> select last_day(date '2016-02-01') from dual;

LAST_DAY(
---------
29-FEB-16

SQL> select months_between(date '2024-08-28',date '2031-03-12') from dual;

MONTHS_BETWEEN(DATE'2024-08-28',DATE'2031-03-12')
-------------------------------------------------
-78.483871

SQL> select next_day(date '2012-02-12','thursday') from dual;

NEXT_DAY(
---------
16-FEB-12

SQL> select round(date '2023-12-01','YYYY') from dual;

ROUND(DAT
---------
01-JAN-24

SQL> select trunc(date '2023-12-01','YYYY') from dual;

TRUNC(DAT
---------
01-JAN-23

CONVERSION FUNCTIONS

select to_char (date '2017-01-01') from dual;


TO_CHAR(D
---------
01-JAN-17
select to_date('01 jan 2017') from dual;
TO_DATE('
---------
01-JAN-17

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