International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 9 Issue 3, May-Jun 2025 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Digital Law
Paul A. Adekunte1, Matthew N. O. Sadiku2, Janet O. Sadiku3
1
International Institute of Professional Security, Lagos, Nigeria
2
Roy G. Perry College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
3
Juliana King University, Houston, TX, USA

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Paul A.

Digital law, which is also known as “information technology law (IT Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet
law)“ or “information, communication and technology law (ICT O. Sadiku "Digital
law)” or “cyberlaw,” is the legal framework that governs the use and Law" Published in
International Journal
the impact of information technology, including the Internet,
of Trend in
software, and artificial intelligence. This focuses and addresses the Scientific Research
legal implications of online activities, digital assets, and the digital and Development
economy, seeking to ensure a safe and responsible online (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- IJTSRD80003
environment. Just as citizens in a society have certain rights and 6470, Volume-9 |
responsibilities, so do digital citizens in the online world also have Issue-3, June 2025, pp.429-435, URL:
certain rights and responsibilities. Digital citizens can enjoy rights of www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd80003.pdf
privacy, security, access and inclusion, freedom of expression, etc.
With these rights come certain responsibilities, such as ethics and Copyright © 2025 by author (s) and
empathy in order to ensure a safe and responsible digital environment International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
for all. This paper examines the pros and cons to the issue of digital
Journal. This is an
law and its implications to humanity in general. Open Access article
KEYWORDS: Digital law, digital assets, digital economy, ethics, distributed under the
empathy, privacy, security, artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
quantum computing (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

1. INTRODUCTION
The digital environment has become so complex an common and continental law and international law.
environment, more especially in terms of rights and Some important areas covered include information
responsibilities of users. Therefore, there arises the and data, communication, and information
need for digital citizens to also be aware and to technology, both software and hardware and technical
understand their own online rights and communications technology, as well as coding and
responsibilities, so as not to infringe the rights and protocols [2], as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
responsibilities of others as well. As good as the
HISTORY OF DIGITAL LAW
internet is, it can also be a destructive weapon when Digital law, also known as “legal informatics,” is said
users’ rights are impeded or if users are not given the to have its roots in the intersection of law and
opportunity to establish any rights whatsoever, as technology. A brief overview of its’ early
shown in Figures 1 and 2. developments are as follows [3]:
Therefore, the individual users, governments,  Printed legal information (15th-20th centuries):
industry, and public institutions have an obligation to In this case, the advent of printing technology
maintain the integrity of the Internet community, not enabled the mass production of legal texts,
withstanding whether it has local or international transforming the dissemination of legal
effects [1]. information. This period saw the development of
indexed court reports, compiled statutes, and
IT law is concerned with the juridical regulation of
annotated laws.
information technology, its possibilities and the
consequences of its use, including computing,  LEXIS (1970s): The introduction of LEXIS, a
software coding, artificial intelligence, the internet computer-based federal tax library, marked the
and virtual worlds. This field of law comprises beginning of digital law. This innovation
elements of various branches of law, originating revolutionized legal research and paved the way
under various acts or statutes of parliaments, the for modern digital law systems.

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Furthermore, some other key milestones include: to computers and networks [8], as shown in
 CD-ROM and Wide Area Networks (1980s- Figure 5.
1990s): The development of CD-ROM
3. Intellectual Property Law or Rights: This
technology and Wide Area Networks further
covers the protection of digital content, software,
accelerated the growth of digital law, enabling
and innovations (i. e. copyrights, trademarks, and
faster access to legal information.
trade secrets in the digital realm).
 Internet and Online Platforms (1990s-present):
 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) –
The widespread adoption of the internet and
USA (1998): This protects copyrighted digital
online platforms has transformed the legal
material and implements WIPO treaties [9].
landscape, enabling global access to legal
information and facilitating digital  WIPO Copyright Treaty (1996): An
communication. international treaty on copyright and related rights
in the digital environment [10], as shown in
All of these have impacted increased accessibility,
Figures 6 - 8.
multimedia integration and global connectivity of
digital law. 4. E-Commerce and Digital Contracts: Regulates
online transactions, digital signatures, and
Adams Crymble showcased and explored the
consumer protection.
intersection of technology and historical research
within the broader field of the digital humanities via  UNCITRAL Model Law on electronic
digital historical research, the history of mass Commerce (1996): It provides a legal framework
digitization, the influence of technology on historical for electronic commerce [11].
curricula, and the role of blogs in outreach and  Electronic Signatures in Global and National
academic writing [4]. Commerce Act (E-SIGN Act) – USA (2000):
OVERVIEW AND KEY CONCEPTS OF Legalizes electronic signatures in transactions
DIGITAL LAW [12].
Digital law is defined as the legal principles and 5. AI and Emerging Technologies: Digital law is
regulations that govern the use of digital technologies, expanding to include regulation of artificial
the Internet, and electronic communication. It covers intelligence, big data, and blockchain.
a broad range of issues including data privacy,
cybersecurity, intellectual property, digital contracts,  EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Proposed 2021):
and cybercrime. It aims to regulate AI systems based on risk [13].
The key areas of digital law include:  Digital Services Act (DSA) & Digital Markets
1. Data Protection and Privacy: The laws in this Act (DMA) – EU (2022): Regulates digital
area regulate how personal data is collected, platforms and ensures fairness in digital markets
stored, processed, and shared. [14].
 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) – 6. Freedom of Expression and Censorship: Deals
EU (2016): This is a comprehensive privacy law with the balance between freedom of speech and
that strengthens data protection for individuals in regulation online. This has to do with hate speech,
the European Union [5]. defamation, Government censorship, and platform
moderation [15, 16].
 California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) –
USA (2018): The Act gives California residents 7. Digital Accessibility and Inclusion: This ensures
rights over their personal data [6]. equal access to digital technologies for all users,
including those with disabilities. The key
2. Cybercrime and Cybersecurity Law: These elements are:
laws address offenses involving digital  Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
technologies, such as hacking, phishing, identity  Assistive technologies
theft, cyberstalking, harassment, cyberterrorism,  Inclusion mandates [17, 18].
and malware distribution.
8. Digital Ethics and Responsibility: Covers the
 Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (2001): ethical use of technology, including AI and big
First international treaty to address internet and data. The key elements are:
computer crime [7].  Ethical algorithms
 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) –  Fair data practices
USA (1986): It criminalizes unauthorized access  Bias in AI systems [19, 20].

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
9. Jurisdiction and Digital Sovereignty: This 4. Rapid technological Change: Laws often lag
determines which laws apply in cross-border behind fast-moving technologies like AI,
digital issues. The key elements are: blockchain, and quantum computing [40, 41].
 Cross-border data transfer 5. Ethical and Moral Dilemmas: Digital law
 Conflicts of law in digital crimes struggles to keep up with ethical concerns around
 Internet governance [21, 22]. AI, surveillance, and online behavior [42, 43].
10. Digital Evidence and Forensics: This concerns 6. Intellectual Property (IP) Violations: Digital
the handling of digital data in legal proceedings. piracy, content theft, and IP Infringement are
The key element are: widespread and hard to control [9, 10].
 Collection and authentication of digital evidence 7. Digital Divide and Accessibility: Not all
 Chain of custody populations have equal access to technology,
 Admissibility in court [23, 24]. which affects enforcement and fairness of digital
BENEFITS OF DIGITAL LAW laws [44, 45].
Digital law plays a significant role in governing the 8. Misinformation and Online Harms: Legal
use of technology, data, and digital platforms. It also systems struggle with regulating harmful content
ensures the security, fairness, innovation, and like fake news, hate speech, and online
accountability in the digital environment, as shown in harassment [46, 47].
Figure 9. Some of its key benefits are the: 9. Lack of Global Standards: Inconsistent digital
1. Protection of Privacy and Personal Data [25, 26]. laws between countries lead to confusion and
2. Cybersecurity and Crime Prevention [7, 27]. loopholes [31, 32].
3. Intellectual Property Protection [10, 28]. 10. Digital Sovereignty and Control: Nations are
4. Enabling E-Commerce and Digital Contracts [11, increasingly seeking to assert control over their
12]. own digital infrastructure, leading to “splinternet”
5. Enhancing Digital Inclusion and Accessibility risks [48].
[17, 18]. CONCLUSION
6. Regulation of Online Behavior [29, 30]. The digital law should be far more effectively and
7. Supporting Innovation and Technological Growth equitably distributed – to ensure the fair and just
[19, 20]. application of laws and regulations in the digital
8. International Cooperation and Harmonization [31, world (bridging the digital divide); should be colorful,
32]. tuneful, even noisy, and capable of movement and
9. Accountability and Transparency for Digital interaction (i. e. fully communicative); should be
Platforms [33, 34]. characterized by flatter administrative agencies – with
less top down control, delay, and rigidity, but greater
10. Empowerment of Digital Citizens [35]. consistency (i.e. reduced bureaucracy) and; offer both
CHALLENGES FACING DIGITAL LAW greater opportunity and greater influence for those
The implementation and enforcement of digital law working in artificial intelligence and the law.
face numerous challenges due to the rapid evolution Undoubtedly, digital law has transformed the legal
of technology, differing legal systems, and the global landscape, offering numerous benefits and
nature of digital interactions. Some of the key opportunities for growth, amongst which are
challenges are: increased accessibility, efficient research, and global
1. Jurisdictional Issues: The challenge is due to the connectivity. With the integration of emerging
fact that internet transcends national borders, technologies like AI, blockchain, and IoT it will
making it difficult to determine which country’s continue to shape the legal landscape. The ensuring of
laws apply in cross-border digital activities [7, security and integrity of digital legal information will
36]. be crucial, and as well as promoting digital literacy
among both legal professionals and citizens will be
2. Enforcement difficulties: The challenge is that
essential for navigating the digital legal landscape.
the tracking and prosecuting of offenders is hard
due to anonymity, encryption, and lack of More information on digital law can be found in the
international cooperation [37, 38]. books in [50-52] and the following related journals:
 Journal of Digital Technologies and Law
3. Data Privacy and Protection: Challenge is
 Journal of Law and Sustainable Development
balancing user privacy with business interests and
 International Journal of Digital Law and
government surveillance [26, 39].
Governance

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Figure 1. Information Age

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Figure 2. Freedom of information

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Figure 6. Digital Millennium Copyright Act

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Figure 5. Cybercrime
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Figure 8. Intellectual property Figure 9. Computer security.

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