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Microorganisms List

The document categorizes microorganisms into types such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses, providing examples for each. It discusses their beneficial uses, including food production and antibiotic production, as well as harmful effects, highlighting diseases caused by microorganisms in humans, animals, and plants. Additionally, it addresses other harms like food spoilage and toxin production.

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Rajyashri Varma
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163 views6 pages

Microorganisms List

The document categorizes microorganisms into types such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses, providing examples for each. It discusses their beneficial uses, including food production and antibiotic production, as well as harmful effects, highlighting diseases caused by microorganisms in humans, animals, and plants. Additionally, it addresses other harms like food spoilage and toxin production.

Uploaded by

Rajyashri Varma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Types of Microorganisms:

Type Examples

Bacteria Lactobacillus, Rhizobium, E. coli

spherical bacteria

Fungi Yeast, Penicillium, Aspergillus

Protozoa Amoeba, Paramecium, Plasmodium

Algae Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra


Type Examples

Viruses HIV, Influenza virus, Polio virus

Uses of Microorganisms (Friends):


Use Microorganism(s) Involved

Making curd Lactobacillus

Fermentation for alcohol Yeast

Bread and cake making Yeast (releases CO₂ and makes it fluffy)

Production of antibiotics Penicillium (used to make penicillin)


Use Microorganism(s) Involved

Fixing nitrogen Rhizobium (in legume roots),Cyanobacteria (Blue green algae)

Decomposition Bacteria and fungi (help in decaying matter)

Vaccination Dead or weakened microbes (e.g., for polio, hepatitis)

Harmful Microorganisms (Foes):


1. Disease-Causing Microorganisms in Humans:
Disease Caused By Microorganism Mode of Transmission
Type
Tuberculosis Mycobacterium Bacteria Air
(TB)
Typhoid Salmonella Bacteria Contaminated food/water
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Bacteria Contaminated food/ water
Malaria Plasmodium Protozoa Mosquito bite (Anopheles)
Dengue Virus Virus Mosquito bite Female
Aedes Mosquito
Dengue Dengue virus Virus Mosquito bite (Aedes)
Polio Poliovirus Virus Contaminated water
Measles Virus Virus Air
Chicken Pox Virus Virus Contact
Hepatitis A Hepatitis A virus Virus Water
Hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus Virus Blood, contaminated
needles
COVID-19 Coronavirus (SARS- Virus Droplets, air
CoV-2)

2. Disease-Causing Microorganisms in Animals:


Disease Animal /Human Microorganism
Anthrax Both Bacillus anthracis
Foot and Mouth Disease Cattle Virus
Bird Flu (poultry) Birds Influenza virus (H5N1)

3. Disease-Causing Microorganisms in Plants:


Plant Disease Affected Plant Microorganism Mode of transmission
Citrus canker Citrus fruits Bacteria Air
Rust disease Wheat Fungi Air/seeds
Late blight Potato, Tomato Fungi (Phytophthora) Fungi (Phytophthora)
Yellow vein Okra (Ladyfinger) Virus Insects
mosaic
🧨 Other Harms by Microorganisms:
Harm Details

Food Spoilage Bacteria/fungi cause decay and bad odor

Toxin production Certain microbes produce harmful toxins

Crop loss Fungal and viral infections reduce yield

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