PLC Ladder Program Application Exercices

Example 1: Automatic liquids mixing control system

Name of I/O Address Description/Functions

Liquid A inlet Y0 Q0.0 Valve inlet A open
Liquid B inlet Y1 Q0.1 Valve inlet B open
Mixture outlet Y2 Q0.2 Valve outlet open
Agitator Y3 Q0.3 Activate the agitator
START X0 I0.0 Start button
X1 I0.1 Low level sensor
X2 I0.2 High level sensor
STOP I0.3 Emergency Stop button
T1 TIMER 1
T2 TIMER 2

Principle 1: As we push to Start button to open inlet valve Y0 as liquid

level reaches low level sensor X1, turn off Y0.
Principle 2: when sensor X1 = ON, open inlet valve Y1 until liquid level
reaches high level sensor X2.
Principle 3: when X2 = ON, Y3 will be ON and activates the agritator.
Agitator motor will remain in 10s (Timer 1), then Y3 will be OFF.
Principle 3: Timer 1 will turn ON Y2 and self-latching, and the mixture will
drain out of the container. When Y2 = ON, timer 2 will start to count for
10s, and then Y2 will be OFF, the draining process will be stopped.

Example 2: Hydraulic pressing machine

Valve Y0

S1

Name of I/O Address RELAY Description/Functions

Valve Y0 Q0.0 K open feeder Valve
Selenoid Y1 Q0.1 K1 Piston A extend
Selenoid Y2 Q0.2 K2 Piston B extend
Selenoid Y2 and Q0.3 K3 Piston A retract and Piston B
Selenoid Y4 retract
START I0.0 Start button
STOP I0.1 Stop button
S1 I0.2 Proximity Sensor 1
S2 I0.3 Proximity Sensor 2
P I0.4 Presure sensor
TIMER Timing to feed the materials
S2
Valve Y0 A+ A-
close S1
P
B+
B-
Principle 1: As we push to Start button to start overall system and push
to Stop button to stop overall system.
Principle 2: when we push to Start button to open feeder valve Y0 in
order to feed materials into pressing chamber. Then, feeder valve will stop
after 10s (stopping feed materials into the chamber).
Principle 3: Piston of the cylinder A extends to limit the chamber, piston
reaches the end of stroke, proximity sensor S2 will be ON.
Principle 4: when proximity sensor S2 is ON, piston of the cylinder B
extends to press the materials.
Principle 5: There are a pressure sensor to detect pressing force by
measuring the presure at “meter-in” of the cylinder, if the presure is equal
to 5 bar, then the piston of cylinder A & B will retract. When the piston A
& B reach at the end of the stroke, the proximity sensor S1 is ON, the
process will repeat.

Example 3: Automated drilling machine

Name of I/O Address Description/Functions

START I0.0 Start button
STOP I0.1 Stop button
S1 I0.2 Proximity Sensor 1
S2 I0.3 Proximity Sensor 2
S3 I0.4 Proximity Sensor 3
S4 I0.5 Proximity Sensor 4
S5 I0.6 Component sensor
Selenoid Y1 Q0.1 Piston A extend
Selenoid Y2 Q0.2 Piston A retract
Selenoid Y3 Q0.3 Piston B extend
Selenoid Y4 Q0.4 Piston B retract
C1 Count for the number of component

Principle 1: As we push to Start button to start overall system and push

to Stop button to stop overall system.
Principle 2: sensor S5 = ON when a component places at the right position
on the clamper. Piston A will extend to clamp the component.
Principle 3: sensor S2 = ON, it means the component is clamped well, then
the piston B will extend to drill a hole until proximity sensor S4 = ON.
Principle 4: when S4 = ON, Piston B will retract reache the end of stroke
and proximity sensor S3 = ON. Then piston A will retract to reach sensor
S1 = ON. A counter will be counted for the number of component to be
processed.

Example 4: Products serperation conveyor

Name of I/O Address Description/Functions

START I0.0 Start button
STOP I0.1 Stop button
S1 I0.2 Rotten Sensor 1
S2 I0.3 Green Sensor 2
S3 I0.4 Proximity Sensor 3
S4 I0.5 Proximity Sensor 4 for rotten apple box
S5 I0.6 Proximity Sensor 5 for green apple box
S6 I0.7 Proximity Sensor 6 for red apple box
S7 I1.0 Proximity Sensor 7 at end stroke of the piston A
S8 I1.1 Proximity Sensor 8 at end stroke of the piston B
Conveyor Q0.0 Turn on the conveyor motor
Selenoid Y1 Q0.1 Piston A extend
Selenoid Y2 Q0.2 Piston B extend
C1 Count for the numbers of rotten apple
C2 Count for the numbers of green apple
C3 Count for the numbers of red apple
Principle 1: As we push to Start button to start overall system and push
to Stop button to stop overall system.
Principle 2: when we put on start button, conveyor motor will turn on, if
sensor 1 detects a rotten apple, piston A will extend to push the rotten
apple into a box, then it will retract when the stroke reaches at the end of
the cylinder (Sensor 7 = ON). A counter will count for the number of rotten
apple in the box. If the numbers of rotten apple reaches 10, then the
conveyor will be off in order to replace the box. The conveyor will start
again when a proximity sensor 4 detects the presence of a box.
Principle 3: at the same time, if sensor 2 detects a green apple, piston B
will extend to push the green apple to a box, then it will retract when the
stroke reaches at the end of the cylinder (Sensor 8 = ON). A counter will
count for the number of green apple in the box. If the numbers of green
apple reaches 10, then the conveyor will be off in order to replace the box.
The conveyor will start again when a proximity sensor 5 detects the
presence of a box.
Principle 4: at the same time, if sensor 3 detects a red apple, a counter will
count for the number of red apple in the box. If the numbers of red apple
reaches 10, then the conveyor will be off to replace the box. The conveyor
will start again when a proximity sensor 6 detects the presence of a box.

Example 5: Shrimp pond feeder machine

An automatic shrimp aquaculture system with input/outputs is described in

Table 3.1. Operation of the system is as follows:
Principle 1: As we push to Start button to start overall system and push
to Stop button to stop overall system. (10 points)
Principle 2: if temperature in shrimp pond is higher or equal to 27 degree
or DO level in shrimp pond is higher or equal to 4 mg/L, Then, system
automaticlly turns on the waterwheel until normal conditions are achieved.
(10 points)
Principle 3: if water level in up-tank is lower than expected and water level
in down-tank is high enough, then turns on the pump 1. Otherwise, turn on
both pump 1 and pump 2 until water level in up-tank is enough. (10
points)
Principle 4: As we push to Start button, shrimp feeder machine starts
running after 20 seconds, then turn off in 15 seconds and then start
running after 20 seconds. Repeat the process until we push to Stop
button. Also, the program provide users to know how many time the
shrimp feeder machine run from the time push Start button until push
Stop button. (10 points) Principle 5: if the PH level in shrimp pond is
higher or equal to 7 AND DO level in the pond is higher or equal to 4 mg/L
OR temperature in shrimp pond is higher or equal to 27 degree, the
system automaticlly send a signal to activate alam. (5 points)