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Algorithm Arrays Concepts

Algorithm analysis involves measuring time and space complexity using Big O notation to classify algorithms by their performance. Arrays are collections of elements in contiguous memory, supporting various operations like insertion, deletion, and traversal, with specific time complexities. They are crucial for data storage, matrix operations, and serve as the foundation for data structures like stacks and queues.

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6 views2 pages

Algorithm Arrays Concepts

Algorithm analysis involves measuring time and space complexity using Big O notation to classify algorithms by their performance. Arrays are collections of elements in contiguous memory, supporting various operations like insertion, deletion, and traversal, with specific time complexities. They are crucial for data storage, matrix operations, and serve as the foundation for data structures like stacks and queues.

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Algorithm Analysis and Arrays

Algorithm Analysis: Time and Space Complexity, Big O Notation


**Time Complexity:** Time complexity measures the amount of time an algorithm takes to
run, based on the input size.
- Best Case (Ω): Minimum time taken.
- Average Case (Θ): Expected time.
- Worst Case (O): Maximum time taken.
Examples:
- Constant time: O(1)
- Linear time: O(n)
- Quadratic time: O(n^2)
- Logarithmic time: O(log n)
**Space Complexity:** Space complexity measures the amount of memory an algorithm
uses.
- Includes input space and auxiliary space (temporary variables, data structures, etc.).
Examples:
- If an algorithm uses a fixed number of variables: O(1)
- If it uses an array of size n: O(n)
**Big O Notation:** Describes the upper bound of time/space complexity as input size
grows.
- Used to classify algorithms by worst-case performance.

Arrays: Definition and Operations


**Definition:** Arrays are collections of elements stored in contiguous memory. Accessed
via indices.
**Operations on Arrays:**
- Insertion: Adding an element at a specific index. Time complexity: O(n) (worst case).
- Deletion: Removing an element at a specific index. Time complexity: O(n) (worst case).
- Traversal: Accessing each element. Time complexity: O(n).
**Multidimensional Arrays:** Arrays with more than one dimension (e.g., 2D matrix).
- Declaration: int arr[3][4];
- Access: arr[i][j] to access element at row i, column j.
**Applications of Arrays:**
- Linear data storage.
- Matrix operations.
- Sorting and searching.
- Basis for stacks, queues, heaps.
- Image representation.

Summary
Understanding algorithm analysis helps evaluate efficiency.
Arrays are essential for storing and manipulating data efficiently.

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