THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
PERIOD
MEMBERS:
- BRENDAN
- WILBERT
- NICOLE
BINA BANGSA SCHOOL KEBON JERUK
SECONDARY 2024/2025 A picture of a storm in the Mediterranean.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
CHAPTER 1 - THE BACKGROUND STORY
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
W H AT I S T H E E N L I G H T E N M E N T ?
A group of men in the Enlightenment discussing something.
The Enlightenment Period was a period between the 17th and 18th century, that promoted art,
philosophy, and politics. It helped in shaping the modern government system and in making multiple
technological advancements in its time.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
WHERE DID THE IDEA COME FROM?
A Greek official giving a speech.
The idea of the Enlightenment Period was originally made when the Greek and Romans
wanted an efficient government system that valued democracy, philosophy, and reason.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
WHY DID IT HAPPEN?
Church of Saint Sulpice Matthys Schoevaerdts
Martin Luther and a German monk put up a list of 95 complaints on the doors of a Catholic
Cathedral, which addressed the Church's corruption and eventually led the public to start
questioning the Church's legitimacy, marking the start of the Church Reformation.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
WHY DID IT HAPPEN?
The English Civil Wars.
During the 16th century, there were lots of wars happening around Europe, which
made political scholars rethink how the government and society could be better
organised.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
WHY DID IT HAPPEN?
An old scholar.
In the early 17th century, Francis Bacon showed that scientific
breakthroughs require experiments and research instead of religion. This
helped pave the way for the public to consider more on rationality and
reason instead of beliefs, starting the Scientific Revolution.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
CHAPTER 2 - KEY EVENTS
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
THE
REVOLUTIONARY
THINKERS
George Washington in the Battle of the Valley Forge
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
THE
REVOLUTIONARY
THINKERS
George Washington in the Battle of the Valley Forge
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
- Pioneers like Galileo, Kepler, and
Newton questioned traditional views
of the universe.
- Enlightenment thinkers prioritized
THE observation, experimentation, and
REVOLUTIONARY rational analysis.
THINKERS
Early Enlightenment: - The shift from religious doctrine and
1600 - 1730 superstition to empirical evidence
paved the way for the early
Enlightenment to form.
Galileo, Kepler, and Newton
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
- John Locke, Montesquieu, and
Voltaire believed that the
THE government should guarantee the
REVOLUTIONARY basic rights of citizens. Locke
THINKERS believes in the system of “Natural
High Enlightenment: Law”, which states that everyone is
1700 - 1780 born with rights entitled to them.
John Locke
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
- Faith in science and nature (Isaac
Newton: Laws of Nature, René
Descartes: “Cogito ergo sum”: “I
think, therefore I am”)
THE - The two ideas of human nature:
REVOLUTIONARY 1. Thomas Hobbes: the need for a
THINKERS strong governing authority as a
Early Enlightenment: check on 'the condition of man'
1600 - 1700 2. John Locke: the idea of the human
mind as a 'tabula rasa' and the
optimistic belief in education (this
idea is against the belief that kings
and governments get divine rights)
René Descartes
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
The American Revolution helped
shape the modern government
system.
THE - Introduced the idea of “Human
AMERICAN Rights”
REVOLUTION - Supported John Lockes ideology of
“Natural Law”
Late Enlightenment:
1775 - 1783
- Introduced the idea of “Consent of
Government”, and self rule
George Washington in the Battle of the Valley Forge
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
The French Revolution happened
partly because of the publishings
made by philosophers that criticised
the monarchy, which led to the French
THE Revolution.
FRENCH After the revolution, on August 26th,
REVOLUTION 1789, the Declaration of the Rights of
Late Enlightenment: Man and of the Citizen was adopted,
1789 - 1799 which was the first document to argue
in favor of everyone's rights and
freedom.
The French Revolution
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
Publication of Montesquieu's "The Spirit
of Laws" in 1748.
- Divided politics into three categories:
- Republic: driven by virtue.
THE - Monarchies: driven by honor.
PUBLISHING - Despotism: driven by fear.
OF KNOWLEDGE - Divided power into three branches:
Early Enlightenment: legislative, judicial, and executive.
1748 - His ideologies significantly influenced
modern political systems.
Statues of Greek gods.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
Publication of Rousseau's “The Social
Contract”
- “Man is born free, and everywhere he is
in chains.”
- Advocated for the government to
consider the general will of the public.
THE - Inspired the French Revolution and the
PUBLISHING Declaration of the Rights of Man and of
OF KNOWLEDGE the Citizen in 1789.
High Enlightenment: - The American Revolution helped shape
1762 the ideology of "Natural Rights" within
Western politics. This supported John
Locke's theory of natural rights and
advocated for 'consent of government'
and self rule.
Statues of Greek gods.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
Publication of Immanuel Kent
“Critique of Pure Reason”
THE - Critik der reinen Vernunft, or
PUBLISHING Critique of Pure Reason is an
OF KNOWLEDGE important study on the nature of
human reason.
Late Enlightenment:
1781 - It shows how humans cannot prove
that God exists by just pure reason.
Statues of Greek gods.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
C H A P T E R 3 - T H E A F T E R M AT H
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
1. Political:
• Attacked the traditional authority, against the monarchy, and
advocating for governance based on reason.
• Created the foundation of the modern democracy, inspiring
seperation of power and the rule of law.
THE POSITIVE EFFECTS
• Sparked the American Revolution, French Revolution, Haitian OF THE
Revolution, and Latin revolution, leading to the rise of
modern politics, and democratic ideas. ENLIGHTENMENT
• Seperated the Church from governments.
2. Social:
3. Economic:
• Advocated for personal freedom and • Promoted free-market economies.
self-governance. 5. Technological:
• Sped up the industrial revolution via
• Increased literacy levels. scientific advancements.
• Promoted research and advancement
• Increased level of education. in science.
• Created sciences like psychology and 4. Cultural: • Medical advancements.
ethics. • Inspired writers, philosophers, and
• Encouraged the study of Science. artists to focus on reasoning.
The signing of the Declaration of Independence.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD
1. Religious:
• Argued that it is impossible to be born with knowledge,
debating God's ability to communicate with humans, which
damaged the Church's reputation.
• Created the idea that Christian societies had lost opportunity
T H E N E G AT I V E E F F E C T S
to develop, leading to the popular belief that religious OF THE
societies are primitive or dark.
• Proved that the world was older than how the Bible had ENLIGHTENMENT
described it, challenging the Holy Bible.
• Created deism and atheism.
2. Political: 3. Racism: 5. Environmental:
• Spread a belief that no one should • Scientists tried to classify humans by race • Served as a catalyst for the Industrial
have absolute power over a state, and justify slavery. Revolution, which promoted climate
which made monarchies unpopular. change.
4. Deaths:
• Inspired revolutions which led to • Increased the lack of care for
political upheaval and instability. • Inspired revolutions like the French
deforestation.
Revolution, which resulted in many
deaths.
• Promoted animal testing.
The signing of the Declaration of Independence.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
ANY QUESTIONS?
LINKS
BRENDAN WILBERT NICOLE
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[Link] what-enlightenment-and-how-did-it- history/colonial-america/colonial-north-america/
resource/ckhg-unit-3-enlightenment/ transform-politics a/the-enlightenment
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[Link] articles/the-enlightenment enlightenment
nature-political-theory [Link] [Link]
[Link] european-history/ worldhistory2/chapter/the-enlightenment/
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history/enlightenment [Link]#/ french-revolution
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srsltid=AfmBOooclcZHB4vgJ5Nqfggu1B The-Enlightenment-Causes-and-Effects resource/protestant-reformation/
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what-enlightenment-and-how-did-it- reformation
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our-generation/the-unfortunate-side- [Link] ProtestantReformation/
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enlightenment-435c27b9e468 [Link] Enlightenment-Causes-and-Effects
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