Let's draw a

ray diagram

O
É
the is
0 object location
I image location the image is what

we see when we look in the mirror

Let's do another ray diagram this time moving the

object closer to the mirror

rays appear
Emittes

F O I
É

If the reflected rays intersect at the image

location we say that the image is real If

they don't intersect at the image location the

image is virtual Real images are in front of
the mirror virtual are behind

Convex Mirrors

Parallel rays hit the mirror

and then travel in a
direction as if they
originated from F

A ray headed toward

reflects and ends up
parallel

A way that heads toward

C reflects and travels

away from C

Now let's create a

ray diagram for a convex

mirror
 0 I F c
virtual image

To determine the exact location of the image we

use the mirror equation

tot f
where do distance of the object from the mirror

always 0

di distance of the image from the mirror

real in front 0

virtual behind 0

f focal length
concave 0 convex 0

and the magnification is in

E Let f 10am and do 30cm What

are di and in
 to to di 15am
real in front
m half the size
as the object and
inverted

E Let f 10am and do 5 am what

are di and in

to di 10cm
virtual behind
0
m 2
upright and twice
the size as object

E Let f 10am and do 20 am what

are di and in

I to di 6.67
virtual behind
7
in 5 0.333 upright and
the size of
the object
 What about flat mirrors
set too Then
f I

to at 0 di do
and m
1 1

T FdI

Thin Lenses
with thin lenses images are
produced by
refraction not reflection as with mirrors
surfaces
d we take a stab

rid oftransparent
r 70
incoming
material and grind
light both surfaces to be
rato raso
psurface spherical with radii
of curvature r and v2
 The flatter the surface the larger the value of Irl

Lenses have two focal points one on each side

and they are both a distance f from the lens

where

f ca 1 t cheating's
where n index of refraction of medium

EXI Let n 1 5 r 60cm ra 40cm

what is f
1 5 1 to f 240cm

EEE
converging lenses f o

Thickest in
the middle

Diverging lenses f co

Thinnest in
the middle
Converging lenses
Parallel rays pass
through the lens and
F E then through the focal

point

A ray coming from F

passes through the lens
E
and comes out parallel

Any way passing through

the center is
under lected
Let's draw a
ray diagram

I th
o

imagle